Air power, with its capability for mass destruction, changed the face of twentieth-century inter-state warfare and redefined what power means. Having had limited impact on the First World War, the unique characteristics of air power – speed, height and reach – were immediately recognised as were its attributes: ubiquity, agility and concentration. Theorists explored the potential of this novel instrument for future wars, with one school emphasising strategic utility while another school explored its potential in the context of continental land warfare. Theory directly influenced the creation of air power capabilities and air warfare during World War II. While military technologies – in particular due to precision munitions – and societal attitudes concerning the use of force have changed, the theoretical foundations of the interbellum and the debates about the utility of air power still resonate. Today air power has become the icon of Western-preferred style of warfare, having demonstrated its potential utility not only in inter-state wars but also during humanitarian interventions and irregular warfare. Air power can pose or counter threats simultaneously, across a far wider area than surface capabilities, and quickly switch the point of application within and between operational theatres to create tactical and strategic effects.

Chapter 4 explores the kinds of extraordinary situations experienced in the lives of royal ladies-in-waiting, asserting their prominent roles in coronations, marriages, christenings, and other ceremonies designed to cement and further dynastic prestige, such as Order of the Garter tournaments and the Field of Cloth of Gold extravaganza. Serving the queen at important life-cycle rituals, seasonal events, and diplomatic spectacles contributed to the monarchy’s propaganda program, thereby bolstering royal authority and encouraging dynastic loyalty. When kings dispatched their daughters and sisters to foreign lands, their entourages signaled the wealth and status of the English monarchy. Highborn female attendants not only assisted the queen and female royals, but also reinforced hierarchical order by their very placement in these rituals, order that was displayed, I argue, both in processions and their particular assigned responsibilities. This chapter reveals how the spectacle of such pageantry had significant political dimensions, even if such was not always recognized by the subjects who witnessed royal processions.

Between 1956 and 1957, four Broadway producers–Cheryl Crawford, Roger L. Stevens, Robert E. Griffith, and Harold S. Prince–working in different configurations, each crucially impacted West Side Story’s development. Recognized then and retrospectively as a huge gamble for anyone involved, these four producers arrived at the project from different career stages and positions of financial security, which ultimately decided who could reasonably take a gamble on bringing a musical drama to Broadway. Here I survey different ways these producers helped birth West Side Story, such as providing dramaturgical advice, securing backers, coordinating a difficult casting process, and identifying productive tryout venues. These producers’ struggles with West Side Story’s innovations also signaled necessary evolution in established practices such as the backers’ audition. Placing these producers’ work on West Side Story in the context of their career trajectories will reinforce the role of timing and good fortune to any musical’s potential success.

Chapter 10 provides an overview of some of the OT constraints introduced in the book and their rankings. It is shown here that groups of constraints are responsible for parts of the prosodic structure (e.g., the syllable). Some of the constraints introduced in the book play a role at several levels of the hierarchy, especially those regulating the syllable, the foot and the prosodic word.

Chapter 2 investigates the status of the post-Antonescu Jewish community in Romania focusing on the Jews’ efforts to rebuild their lives and communities. The chapter traces both the communal – related to Jewish parties and organizations – and individual developments.

Here I examine the relation between freedom and value, both in the sense of a person’s own values and the inherent value of liberty itself. I then show the relation between liberty, so conceived, and democratic institutions and practices.

Chapter 2 traces the biography of the patron, Venetian patrician Francesco Pisani (1509–67), addressing his family affairs, political offices, and cultural patronage in Venice. An investigation of where and how Pisani lived when in his native city clarifies the reasons for his investment in his mainland estate.

The Introduction argues that Villa Pisani at Montagnana does not conform to the conventional definition of the Renaissance villa as a second home. Instead, it shares certain functions and architectural and decorative features of the urban palace, usually considered the principal seat of an elite family. This case study reveals how Palladio gave architectural expression to a way of living among Venetian patricians in which the villa had come to play a fundamental role.

Europe across the period from 1000–1500 was characterised by a multiplicity of polities, but the majority were unified by membership of the Catholic Church. Indeed Latin Christendom (those polities that recognised papal authority and followed the Latin liturgy) doubled in size by the end of the twelfth century, as frontiers were pushed forward in the Holy Land, Sicily, the Iberian peninsula and the Baltic. This was generally achieved by extraordinary multi-polity coalitions loosely under the direction of the papacy, which confronted enemies of another faith and culture who seemed to present a military and existential threat to Christendom itself. Inter-polity conflict was nevertheless waged within Latin Christendom throughout the period, and especially after the collapse of Latin power in the Holy Land in 1291. As rulers focused more attention on nearby adversaries, they increasingly raised armies by contract for pay, aided by systems of credit, enabling the professionalisation of armies, to a limited extent. Meanwhile, throughout the period, securing divine support was considered important as military means in achieving strategic goals. The strategy and means of political–military elites are revealed through an increasing abundance of sources, notably chronicles and, particularly from the turn of the thirteenth century, an abundance of government records.

Whereas diagnosis helps you understand what is going on, formulation allows you to understand why that problem is happening and how to address it. This chapter provides instruction on key CBTx skills relating to case formulation and treatment implementation, guided by a scientist-practitioner approach. It provides practical tools, rubrics, and metaphors that can assist in formulation, and discusses treatment readiness as a key construct to treatment implementation. Finally, the chapter outlines how to use the book to help readers develop personalised treatment plans for patients.

A history of the military strategy of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) involves in part China’s use of force around its periphery; whether that is the Korean War (1950–1953), the Sino-Indian border clash (1962), the Sino-Russian border clash (1969), China’s seizure of islets in the Paracels from South Vietnam (1974), the Sino-Vietnamese border clash (1979) and finally China’s seizure of islets from Vietnam in the Spratlys (1988). A close examination of these campaigns reveals a mixed pattern of strategic signalling, military opportunism, punishing adversaries and bolstering buffer zones around China to accomplish China’s long-term strategic objectives with minimal risk to China itself. Curiously, the PRC embarked on a multi-decade period in which the Chinese did not use large-scale force and initiated a concerted effort at defence modernisation and economic development. This has led to a dramatic transformation of the People’s Liberation Army from a backward force into one of the most modern militaries on the planet.