To save content items to your account,
please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies.
If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account.
Find out more about saving content to .
To save content items to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org
is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings
on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part
of your Kindle email address below.
Find out more about saving to your Kindle.
Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations.
‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi.
‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.
In an influential article written at the beginning of the century, Rabinder Singh QC called equality the ‘neglected virtue’ of our constitutional law. For what had become a much more diverse, multi-ethnic, society, this was a challenging characterisation; and so too in jurisprudential terms given that the right to be treated equally is a central tenet of modern liberalism. In Singh’s words, equality ‘could not be more important as a symbol of the kind of society we are’.
International society is not an unchanging entity, but is subject to the ebb and flow of political life. New states are created and old units fall away. New governments come into being within states in a manner contrary to declared constitutions whether or not accompanied by force. Insurgencies occur and belligerent administrations are established in areas of territory hitherto controlled by the legitimate government. Each of these events creates new facts and the question that recognition is concerned with revolves around the extent to which legal effects should flow from such occurrences. Each state will have to decide whether or not to recognise the particular eventuality and the kind of legal entity it should be accepted as.
We have seen that in order to deal with cubic polynomials it is helpful to have cube roots of unity at our disposal. In this chapter and the next we shall consider splitting fields and Galois groups of polynomials of the form 𝑥𝑚 − 1 and 𝑥𝑚 − θ over a field 𝐾.
One of the main topics of Galois theory is the study of polynomial equations. In order to consider how we should proceed, let us first consider some rather trivial and familiar examples.
In the previous chapter, the circumstances in which a state may seek to exercise its jurisdiction in relation to civil and criminal matters were considered. In this chapter, the reverse side of this phenomenon will be examined, that is those cases in which jurisdiction cannot be exercised as it normally would because of special factors. In other words, the focus is upon immunity from jurisdiction and those instances where there exist express exceptions to the usual application of a state’s legal powers. The concept of jurisdiction revolves around the principles of state sovereignty, equality and non-interference. Domestic jurisdiction as a notion attempts to define an area in which the actions of the organs of government and administration are supreme, free from international legal principles and interference. Indeed, most of the grounds for jurisdiction can be related to the requirement under international law to respect the territorial integrity and political independence of other states.