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Why do some revolutions fail and succumb to counterrevolutions, whereas others go on to establish durable rule? Marshalling original data on counterrevolutions worldwide since 1900 and new evidence from the reversal of Egypt's 2011 revolution, Killian Clarke explains both why counterrevolutions emerge and when they are likely to succeed. He forwards a movement-centric argument that emphasizes the strategies revolutionary leaders embrace both during their opposition campaigns and after they seize power. Movements that wage violent resistance and espouse radical ideologies establish regimes that are very difficult to overthrow. By contrast, democratic revolutions like Egypt's are more vulnerable, though Clarke also identifies a path by which they too can avoid counterrevolution. By preserving their elite coalitions and broad popular support, these movements can return to mass mobilization to thwart counterrevolutionary threats. In an era of resurgent authoritarianism worldwide, Return of Tyranny sheds light on one particularly violent form of reactionary politics.
Over the past twenty years, national human rights institutions (NHRIs) have moved from the periphery to the centre of the human rights debate. The potential of NHRIs to transmit and implement international norms at the domestic level, and to transfer human rights expertise to regional and global human rights fora, is increasingly recognised. In Europe, the continent with the widest variety and density of human rights protection mechanisms, NHRIs are also gradually gaining recognition as actors that can enable more comprehensive and effective human rights promotion and protection.
Filling a gap in the legal literature, this book aims to bridge the gap between the European and Latin American experiences of NHRIs, exploring the impact that this has internationally. As such, it not only includes introductory chapters on the relationship between NHRIs and the United Nations, the European Union and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, but also offers general contributions on other European and Latin American institutions and valuable deep dives into specific case studies on certain regional commissions, ombuds offices and institutes. In order to assess the distinct models these institutional organisations adopt, three of the major European NHRIs have been chosen: the Spanish Ombuds Office; the French Commission; and German Institute. The main Latin American NHRIs which adopt either an ombuds, a commission or an institute model are also analysed, including those of Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay, and Uruguay.
Marking the centenary of the death of Albert Venn Dicey, this book addresses the implications and influence of his work in the twenty-firstst century, assessing also the late-nineteenth-century context that shaped his attitudes, opinions and writing. Dicey’sIntroduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution (first edition, 1885, eighth edition, 1915) is a cornerstone of modern constitutional law scholarship in the UK and worldwide; his Conflict of Laws (1896) quickly became the authoritative work in private international law. These titles, together with his works on law and politics and his influence as Vinerian Professor of English Law in the University, made him an influential, and in some respects controversial, figure during his lifetime and in the following century.
In this volume, twelve leading experts in areas in which Dicey immersed himself contribute to the understanding of his ideas and their influence, one hundred years after his death in 1922. The book is presented in four parts, addressing Dicey’s contributions to legal education; the constitution; conflict of laws; and political thought. The contributions present a modern synoptic view of the work of this leading figure in its context, which pays close attention to the ways in which his ideas have shaped the law and politics for the future.
Modern Slavery and the Governance of Global Value Chains provides an interdisciplinary analysis of the links between Global Value Chains (GVCs) governance, regulation, and vulnerability to severe forms of labour market exploitation by focusing on governance initiatives that seek to induce corporate action to end or mitigate modern slavery. The book brings together chapters by scholars from developed, developing, and emerging economies and from various disciplines to explore the complex relationship between global and local patterns of production and consumption, and severe forms of labour market exploitation. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
This Element explores the landscape of anglophone trade bookselling in India, aiming to identify some key factors that have influenced the changing place of the brick-and-mortar bookstore over the last decade. The discussion focuses on a specific time period identified as a significant turning point, the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic led to a series of developments in the field of Indian publishing: a newly emerging body of public discourse within the industry, highlighting the persistent marginalisation faced by brick-and-mortar bookstores; the temporary weakening of Amazon's near-monopoly; and bookstores' growing use of online platforms for sales, publicity, and activism. Drawing upon a range of primary sources and case studies, this Element explores how these developments altered what John B. Thompson calls 'the logic of the field' of contemporary Indian bookselling, transforming the brick-and-mortar bookstore into a newly revitalised space with possibilities for further expansion, growth, and diversity.
This Element argues for a novel approach to the sciences within Thomism, namely, science-engaged Thomism, which, aligned with the recent science-engaged theology movement, asks theological and metaphysical questions that require the input of the natural sciences. Recent developments within Thomism show a new approach to the natural sciences, and, thus, the proposal is to encourage more of this discourse by portraying the differences between contemporary and past Thomism. Still, even if it takes a novel approach, science-engaged Thomism relies on a tradition of thought that possesses a vast arsenal of metaphysical tools. Thus, after presenting this approach and a concise introduction to some basic notions of Thomistic metaphysics, the Element reviews some theological and philosophical questions and their relation to the natural sciences: issues about creation, cosmology, and astrobiology, divine involvement in evolutionary biology, providence and indeterministic quantum processes, and some ideas for further development at the end.
This Element provides readers with an overview of major approaches, concepts, and research on language teacher emotions (LTE) along with related pedagogical approaches. It begins by situating LTE within the context of the affective turn in language education. The discussion then moves through psycho-cognitive approaches, followed by critical perspectives on LTE, highlighting key concepts and research contributions within each framework. The Element next explores pedagogical approaches to LTE, offering practices that can be used in teacher education programs alongside a set of reflective questions that foster critical inquiry on emotions among language teachers. Finally, it addresses ethical concerns and outlines future directions for LTE research.
Not only did the anticolonial movements of the past two centuries help bring down the global order of colonial empires, they also produced novel, innovative and vital social thought. Anticolonialism has been largely ignored in conventional Europe-centered social thought and theory, but this book shows how our sociological imagination can be expanded by taking challenges to colonialism and imperialism seriously. Amidst their struggles to change the world, anticolonial actors offer devastating critiques of it, challenging the racism, economic exploitation, political exclusions and social inequalities central to imperialism and colonialism. Anticolonial thinkers and activists thereby seek to understand the world they are struggling against and, in the process, develop new concepts and theorize the world in new ways. Chapters by leading scholars help uncover this dissident tradition of social thought as the authors discuss an array of anticolonial thinkers, activists and movements from Palestine, India, South Africa, Brazil, Algeria and beyond.
Human affective science has advanced rapidly over the past decades, emerging as a central topic in the study of the mind. This handbook provides a comprehensive and authoritative road map to the field, encompassing the most important topics and methods. It covers key issues related to basic processes including perception of, and memory for, different types of emotional information, as well as how these are influenced by individual, social and cultural factors. Methods such as functional neuroimaging are also covered. Evidence from clinical studies of brain disease such as anxiety and mood disorders shed new light on the functioning of emotion in all brains. In covering a dynamic and multifaceted field of study, this book will appeal to students and researchers in neuroscience, psychology, psychiatry, biology, medicine, education, social sciences, and philosophy.
In banking and finance, transnationality permeates the day-to-day professional life and makes the dedicated lawyer an internationalist by necessity. There are good reasons for this: the intangible nature of services, the desire of operators even regulated to conquer foreign markets; sometimes because of the extraterritorial spread of local policies relating to the person of the operators or the products marketed. Although it does not always have a good reputation, private international law, with its promise of a widely understood conflict of law discipline, is making inroads into the legal practice of this specialised and globalised sector.
Young people's mental health is in crisis, with many - especially those from disadvantaged backgrounds - struggling academically and with the later transition to employment. This book provides a blueprint for a fundamental shift in how schools support young people.
The International Survey of Family Law is the annual review of the International Society of Family Law. It brings together reliable and clearly structured insights into the latest and most notable developments in family law from all around the globe.
Non-sovereign territories today account for more than half the states in the Caribbean but regional and global histories of the twentieth century tend to exclude them from narratives of protest and change. This book argues that our current understanding of global decolonisation is partial. We need a fuller picture which includes both independent and non-independent states, and moves beyond a focus on political independence, instead conceptualising decolonisation as a process of challenging and dismantling colonial structures and legacies. Decolonisation is neither an inevitable nor a linear process, but one which can ebb and flow as the colonial grip is weakened and sometimes restrengthened, often in new forms. Using the Cayman Islands, the British Virgin Islands, Martinique and Guadeloupe as case studies, Grace Carrington demonstrates that a focus on the processes of decolonisation in these non-sovereign states enriches our understanding of the global experience of twentieth century decolonisation.
This book investigates China’s use of a self-created regional organization, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), to shape global norms. It argues that self-created regional organizations constitute ideal platforms for emerging powers to promote their normative views internationally. On the one hand, they can serve as frameworks within which to institutionalize the power’s norms, and on the other, they can assist in the dissemination of these norms among a larger group of states. As the first and most established regional organization ever initiated by China, analysis of the SCO provides crucial insights into the Chinese government’s ambitions for norms and rules of contemporary international relations. Based on the analysis of over 400 hand-coded original Chinese-language documents and 18 semi-structured interviews, the research finds that China has used the SCO as a regional platform that both represents and helps promote China’s core normative views and concepts internationally. The organization has institutionalized these formally and in practical actions, and proactively engages in promoting its normative system among a large group of states, including on the stage of the United Nations. The study furthermore finds that numerous states beyond the SCO already share many of the norms and values promoted by the organization, making apparent the contours of an emerging international society that could become an alternative to liberal international society.
Statelessness remains an issue of concern in Europe. Stateless people are without any nationality and often experience problems with accessing basic rights, despite the proclamation of human rights and a right to a nationality for all. Various attempts have been made to address statelessness specifically, for instance by the adoption of the United Nations Statelessness Conventions, but also by European regional cooperation mechanisms. This research therefore analyses and places into context the legal approaches that states have taken together in the context of the Council of Europe and the European Union to prevent and solve statelessness from a human rights perspective. In understanding the contribution of European law to preventing and solving statelessness, the study also reflects on what this adds to the legal concept of nationality and ways in which to move forward.
While regression analysis is widely understood, it falls short in determining the causal direction of relationships in observational data. In this groundbreaking volume, Wiedermann and von Eye introduce Direction Dependence Analysis (DDA), a novel method that leverages variable information often overlooked by traditional techniques, such as higher-order moments like skewness and kurtosis. DDA reveals the asymmetry properties of regression and correlation, enabling researchers to evaluate competing causal hypotheses, assess the roles of variables in causal flows, and develop statistical methods for testing causal direction. This book provides a comprehensive formal description of DDA, illustrated with both artificial and real-world data examples. Additionally, readers will find free software implementations of DDA, making this an essential resource for researchers seeking to enhance their understanding of causal relationships in data analysis.
This groundbreaking book develops a new periodization for understanding contemporary international history. It challenges West-centric approaches by setting up timelines appropriate for a global approach to International Relations.
Cross-border child relocation cases are among the most difficult issues in family law. Commentators across the globe disagree on the interpretation of the child's best interests and the relevance of adults' autonomy in this context. As relocations touch upon free movement - the foundation of European Union law - there is an increasing interest among scholars and practitioners alike in the influence of EU law on child relocation. However, considering the EU’s scope of competence in family law matters and the limited jurisprudence of the Court of Justice on such issues, many questions regarding the reach of EU law have remained open.
This is the first monograph to investigate the dynamics of Europeanisation of cross-border child relocation law. What is the scope and nature of EU law's influence - both current and prospective - on cross-border child relocation? What are its effects on national legal systems? It analyses the European legal framework of child relocation and harmonisation prospects in the field. It demonstrates the limitations of the legal pressures potentially exerted by the EU, considering the nature of its competence, but simultaneously conceptualises EU law’s influences from a constructivist perspective. Free movement constitutes the main paradigm of EU law and a defining feature of its community, shifting the scope of autonomy granted to it by its members. Hence, a mixture of traditional values and new ways of life might lead to new dilemmas regarding the assessment of children's and adults’ interests in child relocation cases.
Since the 2012 LASPO cuts, legal aid provision in England and Wales has faced severe challenges, threatening both client access to justice and traditional practices. This book offers an in-depth ethnographic study of how these cuts have transformed the professional identity of legal aid lawyers amid shrinking resources. By documenting the first-hand experiences of those on the front line, it reveals how these professionals navigate the precarious landscape while maintaining their commitment to justice. This is a unique and insightful look into the evolving role of legal aid lawyers in a diminishing industry across both civil and criminal remits.
The idea that God became incarnate as a human is a doctrine at the core of historic Christianity. Defined by the Great Councils and Creeds of the Christian church, the study of this doctrine, christology, has been a focus of inquiry for two millennia. This Companion reflects the most recent paths of inquiry for our understanding of christology. Covering Biblical and other sources, it explores the reception of christology over the course of Christianity's history, from the early patristic ages to postmodernity, as well Jewish and Islamic treatments of the christological claims. The volume also considers the recent contributions of systematic theology, metaphysics, and political theology to the study of christology. It demonstrates how the conceptual substance of christological doctrine interacts with a range of areas on the intellectual landscape. Designed for use by students and experts, The Cambridge Companion to Christology also points to the new and dynamic directions in scholarship on this topic.