The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) is used to measure novelty seeking (NS), harm avoidance (HA), reward dependence RD), and persistence (P).

We will study temperament in individuals with psychosis and healthy controls.

We aim to study the stability of temperament in individuals with psychotic disorders (with onset of illness before and after first follow-up) and in healthy controls.

As part of the 31-year follow-up survey of the prospective population based Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort, the TCI was filled by a large sample of individuals. A subsample of psychotic individuals, with the onset of illness before (n=16) or after (n=15) the 31-year follow-up, and healthy controls (n=117) filled in these scales again at the age of 43. We studied also the association between psychotic symptoms and premorbid temperament.

The 31-year and 43-year temperament scores correlated strongly among controls (Pearson's r: NS 0.68, HA 0.60, RD 0.56, P 0.54), whereas correlations among psychotic individuals with the onset of psychosis before first follow-up were weaker (NS 0.38, HA 0.50, RD 0.17, P 0.53). High HA before the onset of illness (at age of 31 years) associated significantly with a lower likelihood of remission and with more negative, disorganization and total symptoms in the PANSS. High NS before illness associated with a higher likelihood of remission according to the PANSS.

Temperament was stable among controls, and more unstable in individuals with psychoses. Premorbid harm avoidance and novelty seeking predicts the clinical outcome in schizophrenia.

Depression - the main cause of suicidal behavior among young people.

Optimizing therapeutic approaches to the correction of non-psychotic depression accompanied by suicidal behavior in young adults.

75 patients with psychogenic depression, committed suicide attempt.

Clinical-psychopathological, psychodiagnostical.

The clinical picture of depression in the patients the most frequently observed in depressed mood and affect sadness, asthenic symptoms, as well as various manifestations of anxiety. The vast majority of patients were found various violations of sleep-wake cycle. Feature of depressive disorders was their massive somatization characterized by polymorphic vegetative disorders.

Building on the received data in the work we have developed pathogenetically grounded system of correction of depression involving suicidal behavior, which includes the application of integrated psychotherapeutic programs in conjunction with medical treatment. In conducting drug therapy should be given preference for the latest generation of antidepressants with a proven safety profile, high therapeutic index and low “behavioral toxicity”. Psychotherapeutic correction includes family therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, interpersonal psychotherapy, and psychoeducational training.

Developed and implemented in practice the system of psychotherapy and medical and social rehabilitation of patients with depression involving suicidal behavior, which confirmed the effectiveness of data of observation after 12 month.

Conducted follow-up study showed the high efficiency of the proposed system of psychotherapeutic interventions for example 83.8% of patients with repeated suicide attempts were observed, 16.2% had undergone repeated courses of complex therapeutic interventions due to additional stressful circumstances.

To investigate clinical dynamics of acute and transient psychotic disorders during antipsychotic therapy.

35 primary inpatients of psychiatric hospital with acute and transient psychotic disorders (ICD-10, F 23) were observed for 6 months. Group 1 - 17 participants (26,7±7,1 years) with acute psychosis without schizophrenic symptoms (F 23.0). Group 2 - 18 inpatients (26,0±5,7 years) with acute psychosis including schizophrenic symptoms (F 23.1). All patients received haloperidol injections with subsequent switch to olanzapine or risperidone per os. Psychopathological dynamics was estimated on PANSS [Kay S.R. et al., 1987].

For the first group, the initial total PANSS score was lower (88,1±10,8) than for group 2 (123,3±7,7; p≤0,01). Duration of psychoses didn’t exceed 30 days in the first group. Longer psychotic episodes were typical to the 2nd group: ratio of the episodes lasting 6-30 days an 31-60 days was 50 to 50%. Negative symptoms, such as autism, passivity were revealed in all patients of group 2. The psychotic recurrence within 6 months after the first psychotic episode reduction occurred in 16%. Negative symptoms level estimated on PANSS in these patients was higher (26,7±4,2) than in whole group (23,7±5,6) [p≥0,05].

The disorders diagnosed as F 23.0 and F 23.1 (ICD-10) differed in several patterns. Group 2 was characterized by stronger severity of psychotic symptoms; group 2 patients showed resistance to antipsychotic therapy. Moreover, the tendency to psychosis relapse was noticeable in cases with more strongly expressed negative symptoms after the first psychotic episode.

Despite growing interest in internet addiction (IA), there is still no consensus in perceiving it as a distinct clinical disorder. Proposals of including IA in the DSM-V and possibly also ICD-11 have strengthened the notion that it has a lot of features justifying its nosological classification as a primary disorder.

Besides a large number of epidemiological surveys, clinical examinations investigating psychopathological symptoms and co-morbidity in a standardized way are still missing. Hence, clinical data is very important in the research on IA as it might support data gained in representative studies.

The purpose of the study was to provide further clinical characterisation of IA.

A clinical sample from a specialized outpatient clinic in Germany was examined by clinical ratings (GAF; psychiatric co-morbidity) and questionnaires (SCL-90R, PHQ). Two clinical groups were included: Patients meeting criteria for IA (n=80) and patients with pathological gambling (n=80). For further statistical comparison, healthy controls (n=80) were recruited too.

Both clinical groups scored significantly higher in SCL-90R and PHQ than the controls. Patients with IA showed similar profiles in SCL-90R as pathological gamblers with no significant differences in any sub-scale. Also, scores of GAF were similar. Expert ratings on co-morbidity indicate that depression is associated with both disorders. In IA also social phobia is common.

Patients with IA and pathological gamblers display comparable levels of psychopathological symptoms and impairment. IA seems to cause significant psychopathological strain similar to pathological gambling that is accepted as a clinical disorder since the 1980ies.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease that affects the white matter of the central nervous system. It’s more frequent in women. The disease has clinical heterogeneity, but initial neuropsychiatric symptoms are common (60%). If these symptoms are not present at the onset, they will certainly develop throughout the course of the disease.

To describe the case of a central hospital psychiatric inpatient and it’s comparison with the international available literature.

Retrospective analysis of the clinical process.

Woman, 51 years old, functioning until 3 months ago. Hospitalized for behavioral changes with heteroaggressiveness (verbal and physical) and psychomotor agitation. History of relapsing-remitting type MS with 10 years of evolution, treated with 44μg Interferon beta 1a (subcutaneous). To the mental examination she presented with uncooperative and suspicious attitude, dysphoric and delusional mood, changes in thought content with auto-referential/persecutory delusions and delusional interpretations. The extended analytical study, CE-CT and MRI were not altered, as were the Internal Medicine and Neurology evaluations. There was complete regression of symptoms after Interferon beta 1a suspension and maintenance of low-dose neuroleptic.

This is a rare case of psychotic disorder secondary to the use of interferon beta 1a in patients with MS. The rarity of this case is well patented as there is no published report of psychosis secondary to use of subcutaneous formulation, although it is known that psychiatric symptoms may occur in less than 1% of patients using this drug.

Hyponatremia is an antidepressants known adverse effect, ADH secretion has been postulated in its etiology.

To identify risk factors for hyponatremia induced by antidepressants and psychopharmacologic alternatives.

Literature search was performed in PubMed. We report of a case of recurrent hyponatremia treated in our center: woman, 57years old, HIV, HCV; performing 4 episodes of severe hyponatremia in 5 months of treatment involving thiazide, venlafaxine, citalopram, olanzapine,haloperidol, enalapril, escitalopram.

Risk of hyponatremia is higher in patients treated with antidepressants (OR = 2.97), especially serotoninergic antidepressants (OR = 3.96). Elderly and thiazide increment that risk (OR = 6.31 and OR = 8.4 respectively), specially age, thiazide and SSRIs (OR = 148). Higher prevalence in females, lower limit levels of sodium and low body weight. All SSRIs are likely to produce hyponatremia. The effect appears in the first month, it's not dose-dependent and recovers by interrupting treatment. Some cases have been reported following re-exposure to the same or different antidepressant: fluvoxamine and paroxetine (Arizon, 2002), duloxetine and escitalopram (Stovalle, 2009), sertraline and fluoxetine (Raphael, 2010), sertraline and citalopram (Pure, 2011).

Early detection is important, as well as the evaluation of concomitant risk factors in all patients starting antidepressant. Some asymtomatic cases can be unnoticed by clinicians, so risk patients it seems necessary to control ion pretreatment periodically, and to chose safer treatments (bupropion, agomelatine, mirtazapine and reboxetine). In our case, age, sex, concomitant diseases, low sodium and low weight were determinants for the recurrence of the disorder.

To identify AD stages, we propose morphologically determined “Tomography Dementia Rating scale (TDR)” based on the determination of dementia stages according to the severity of atrophic changes in the temporal lobes obtained during CT or MRI.

The research included 81 patients aged 34–79 (average age 67), 28 male (34.57%), 53 female (65.43%), with AD different stages.

All the patients underwent MRI, CT with subsequent calculation of the temporal lobes atrophy degree.

CT and MRI showed that objective brain morphological features characteristic for all patients with AD are atrophic changes in the temporal lobes, which at AD different stages range from 4 to 62%. These data made it possible to set up a scale that allows to identify certain atrophic changes at each disease stage:

• Preclinical AD stage - TDR-0 - temporal lobes atrophy with 4–8% tissue mass decrease.

• Early AD stage - mild dementia - TDR-1 - temporal lobes atrophy with 9–18% tissue mass decrease (corresponds to CDR-1).

• Middle AD stage - mild dementia - TDR-2 - temporal lobes atrophy with 19–32% tissue mass decrease (corresponds to CDR-2).

• Late AD stage - severe dementia - TDR-3 - temporal lobes atrophy with 33–62% tissue mass decrease (corresponds to CDR-3).

The application of morphologically determined AD stages scale - TDR - is an effective method to objectively identify AD stages by means of widespread CT and MRI.

Research is one of the most appealing fields for trainees in psychiatry and is an essential competency within curricula. Skills gained through research impact on clinical care and can be developed throughout the training of young psychiatrists. Since mobility is growing at different levels within psychiatry, giving rise to new challenges while requiring the exchange of visions and know-how, international collaborative research becomes crucial and should be promoted since the training.

To share the experience of joint work and collaborative research done through joining professional associations, such as the European Federation of Psychiatric Trainees (EFPT) that provide opportunities for participating in research activities and establishing networks with others.

The interest for academic background and investigational activities are essential in psychiatry, being therefore crucial to share and promote discussion on the international research projects done in an international meeting point like this.

Assess the research projects done through time by the EFPT research group with special focus on the most recent ones.

Since 2008 the EFPT started a research group with the aim of facilitating trainee-led collaborative studies. Over the years, several international research projects on training-related areas have been conducted and published in international peer-reviewed journals.

The research projects done will be briefly presented, showing that trainees can have the possibility to participate in all the phases of the projects as national coordinators and share with other colleagues their research competencies, having the possibility at times to rely on supervision by internationally renowned experts.

Dental anxiety is a common phenomenon influencing the relationship between a patient and a doctor as well as the course of treatment. The aim of the study was to assess the oral health status and hygienic habits among adult patients with respect to their level of dental anxiety.

In the study we included 117 consecutive adult patients referred to the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Pedodontics of Wroclaw Medical University. There were 58 women (49.57%) and 59 men (50.43%). The mean age of the patients was 36.57±16.76 years. The level of dental anxiety was assessed by Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS). To evaluate dental health status and oral hygiene the following indices were used: total number of decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMF/T) as well as surfaces (DMF/S), Approximal Plaque Index (API), Oral Hygiene Index (OHI) - Debris Index (DI) and Calculus Index (CI).

The higher was the level of dental anxiety measured by MDAS, the lower was the number of filled teeth (F/T) and the number of filled dental surfaces (F/S) and the higher was the Calculus Index (CI). There was no significant difference between dental anxiety measured by MDAS and age, gender or level of education; however, smokers had significantly higher anxiety level than non-smokers.

Dental anxiety has disadvantageous influence on oral health status. Low dental and periodontal health status may have many somatic as well as psychosocial consequences, both lowering quality of life of the patient.

Cognitive deficit in endogenous mental disorders in children and adolescents is studied less than in adults, particularly age of onset influence. There is very few data about the connection between degree of cognitive deficit and age of psychiatric illness onset in children and adolescents. It’s difficult to determine the specificity of cognitive deficits depending on the clinical form of endogenous mental disorders (schizophrenia).

93 patients (11.8 ± 2.3 years) with childhood schizophrenia (F20.8, 26 patients), schizotypical disorders (F21, 59 patients), unspecified schizophrenia (F2x.x, 8 patients). We used adaptation of ICD-10 for RF.

Assessment of degree of cognitive deficit relative to age of onset and diagnosis.

Tests assessing cognitive processes: memory, attention, thinking. Z-scales were used for estimation of cognitive deficit.

Age of onset was divided into three periods: early, preschool and school age. The least degree of all cognitive functions occurs in patients with school age of onset. F20.8 and F2x.x with early and preschool age of onset have severe thinking deficit.

F21 demonstrates decreasing of cognitive deficit degrees in all functions with increasing of age of onset. Degree of cognitive deficit is connected with clinical diagnosis. Patients with F20.8 have strong deficit in all cognitive functions (memory, attention, thinking). F21 patients demonstrate a variety of cognitive deficit degrees including age norm outstrip. F2x.x patients keep intermediate position.

Age of onset might be important in determination of degrees of cognitive deficit. The last depends on diagnosis, age of onset & kind of cognitive process.

The studies of Carroll e Hesse (1987) and the studies of Arntzen e Almas (2002) demonstrate the effectiveness of mand-tact training rather than only tact training on the expansion of the tact repertoire in groups of children with developmental disabilities.

The authors want to show the effectiveness of mand-tact training rather than only tact training on the expansion of the tact repertoire in a child with moderate mental retardation.

In the present work, we conducted an assessment pre-training in which the baseline data of the tact in the child's repertorie was collected, with an assessment choice preference to identify the reinforcers to use in the training. in the training, sessions only-tact training and sessions mand-tact training are alternated, according to the principles and procedures of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA).

The results obtained show that the mand-tact training is more effective than the only-tact training in the rapid acquisition of tacts.

The mand contingiences represent a facilitation in the acquisition of the tact repertoire.

There are in the literature a few case reports about the development of a manic-psychotic features after the use of antibiotics.This side effect is compared to the frequent and widespread use not very common.

Awareness about the potential neuropsychiatric side effects of antibiotics.

A 53 year old man was seen with since two days manifest agitation, religious utterances, confusion, sleep disturbance and sexual disinheriting. He started ten days before admission a course with Amoxicillin / Clavulanic-acid 500/125 mg t.i.d. for erysipelas to the right leg. He seems to be manic psychotic. During the hospitalization he refused to take the prescribed risperidon. He took only the lorazepam. On the third hospital day the psychiatric symptoms were fully remitted. He had two years ago the same psychiatric symptoms after a seven-day treatment with cotrimoxazole. His condition is completely disappeared within 24 hours after cotrimoxazol discontinuation and without any intake of psychotropic drugs. Pathophysiology: Unclear. Possibly interact antibiotics with different neurotransmitters: for example penicillin inhibits GABA- A and benzodiazepine receptors. This leads to a stimulation of the central nervous system resulting in neurotoxicity and reduction of the seizure threshold. The inhibition of the hepatic P450 enzyme system which results in increased serum levels of antibiotics and subsequently to neurotoxicity. Prostaglandins and cortisol may also play a role.

Manic-psychosis as a side-effect of antibiotics is rare and the symptoms usually disappear within a few days after stopping the antibiotic and a treatment with psychotropic drugs is usually not necessary.

The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of depression in diabetic patients who consulted the Tunisian National Institute of Nutrition and to assess risk factors and clinical features of these disorders.

Cross-sectional study including a population of 100 diabetic patients. A form was designed for epidemiological data collection. Depression was measured using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD).

Our results showed a high prevalence of depression in diabetic subjects. 51% of diabetic patients have moderate to severe depression, 13% had mild depression, while 36% had normal values on the HAM-D. Moderate to severe depression was present in 37% of men and 42% women.

Diabetes is associated with a significantly increased risk for depressive symptoms. Our study confirms the usefulness of the assessment of depressive symptoms during follow-up of diabetic patients and the importance of an early multidisciplinary care. Pathogenetic mechanisms connecting diabetes with depression deserve further exploration.

Erotomania (also known as De Clerambault's syndrome) is usually described as a rare delusional syndrome characteristically involving an individual who believes that another person, typically of higher social, economic or political status, is in love with the individual. De Clerambault's syndrome remains a ubiquitous nosological psychiatric entity with uncertain prognosis that remains recognised as a subtype of delusional disorder in DSM 5.

To review the history of Erotomania as a nosological psychiatric entity, its clinical characteristics and course. Also to report some selected clinical cases.

The authors have conducted an online search on PubMed with MeSH words“erotomania”, “erotomaniac delusion” and “Clerambault” and systematically reviewed some case reports.

Erotomania is a relatively uncommon and misunderstood disorder characterised by the presence of a persistent erotic delusion. The individual (usually described as a woman) has had little or no contact with the other person who is perceived as watching over, protecting or following the individual. Despite various authors have described and named this syndrome, it was Clérambault who first classed the symptoms into the disorder he referred to as “psychose Passionelli” (1942). There are numerous theories as to the aetiology of this illness that is not uniquely associated with any specific disorder. We reviewed some clinical cases.

Erotomania is a relatively uncommon psychiatric disorder. An increased awareness and understanding of this illness will assist in the recognition of patients affected, opening doors for future progress on its aetiology and, therefore, the development of new treatment options.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The aim of the survey is to obtain an overview of the trends in the use of herbal smoke mixtures or “Spice” among clients and the specific nature of impairments associated with them.

Data on the use of “Spice” and cannabinoids have been analysed through clinical observations carried out at the Centre for Addiction Medicine and performance results of the Centre for Expertise and Toxicology over 41 months between 2009 and 2012 based on 257 individuals. Diagnosis was based on clinical and laboratory data. New psychoactive substances were identified in urine and blood, and express tests for “spice” were carried out through biochip matrix technology.

In 2012 a fourfold growth of “Spice” users has been noted as compared to 2009; among them 86.8% were 27 years old and younger and 38.7% were minors. Compared to cannabinoid cases, the individuals hospitalised for acute intoxication with “Spice” statistically more frequently (p< 0.05) suffered from fear, anxiety, panic attacks, agitation, whereas frequency of psychotic manifestations and acute schizophrenia symptoms demonstrated by the two groups were similar. Among the “Spice” cases proved through laboratory testing, 66.7% had signs of intoxication with characteristic, but non-specific symptoms of the vegetative nervous system.

Over the past years there has been a significant growth in the consumption of “Spice”.The clinical manifestations of “Spice” are not sufficiently typical for detecting the substance without the use of laboratory tests.Safe identification of substances through the use of specific testing methods is required.

The process of recovery of mental reactions in children after acute traumatic brain injury is determined by complex methods with an interdisciplinary approach. Studies of emotional, communicative and behavioral reactions are based on an assessment by a psychiatrist and a teacher-defectologist.

To study mental reactions and identify predictors of positive recovery of consciousness after acute brain injury in children in early rehabilitation.

48 children (14–36 months) with acute severe traumatic brain injury who were admitted for treatment and rehabilitation (in CRIEPST). Methods: psychiatric and pedagogical examinations; also - neuroimaging data and others.

Three groups of children were identified, depending on the different severity of emotional, communicative and behavioral indicators: Group 1 (11%): The level of consciousness is minimal positive. Reactions: stable gaze fixation; emotional reaction to sound (smile) and the face of an adult; short-term tracking of the gaze of the object; the ability to touch an object and hold it; sits himself. Group 2 (33%): The level of consciousness is minimal positive / negative, with an advantage of positive. Reactions: unstable gaze fixation; emotional reaction and involuntary movements to sound; reflex seizure of an object; sits with support. Group 3 (56%): The level of consciousness is minimal negative. Reactions: no emotional reactions, low motor and sensorimotor activity.

Predictors of emotional-communicative and behavioral indicators of recovery of the level of consciousness were identified: sensory and motor, cognitive and socially-oriented. These predictors are the basis for choosing a rehabilitation program with interdisciplinary support and a treatment strategy.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating and neurodegenerative disorder of the CNS, which incapacitates people of working age. Due to progressive disability, the quality of life decreases, adding a number of other diseases to the main one. Several studies have reported high rates of depression in MS with a lifetime prevalence of approximately 50%.

Therefore, we would like to pattern the functional activation of the brain of patients with different phenotypes of MS. This would objectify the patient’s condition and the effectiveness of therapy for these diseases.

68 patients with MS were examined: 40 with a relapsing-remitting type of course (RRMS) in remission and 28 with secondary - progressive MS (SPMS). Patients underwent MRI of the brain on a Siemens Tim Trio 3.0 T tomograph and processed the data using CONN 18b software. Clinical features were estimated by tests (BDI, HADS) results.

91% of all MS patients in research have signs of depression. We noted that decreased FC in RRMS patients has a whole-brain type, but it is only decreasing, not losing the connections between brain clusters. Decreased FC and losing the connections between large-scale brain networks and brain clusters. Due to tests, more severe depression was observed in SPMS patients.

Our findings suggest that patients with SPMS have depression, cause of decreasing in FC between the main clusters of the brain, and patients with SPMS have more severe depression, which, as we assume, neurodegeneration has turned into atrophy and loosing all connections between clusters even in large-scale brain networks.

No significant relationships.