The author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.

The author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted a need for engaging online resources to enrich psychiatry training for undergraduate medical students. Podcasting is a well-established digital communication platform utilised daily in a myriad of capacities, including education. A group of medical students were tasked with creating their own educational podcasts covering specific aspects of psychiatry.

Each pair was set a sub-topic of psychiatry and utilised software to produce educational resources. The objective of this project was to reflect upon production as well as explore the efficacy of podcasting as a tool within undergraduate training.

The medical students conducted research and contacted experts within the field to contribute to their podcasts. The majority of the students then conducted reviews of the literature surrounding podcasting within medical education, which informed the production of their own podcasts. From this, it was discussed how this project could impact future practice, and indicated that podcasts may become crucial asynchronous learning tools in medical education.

Literature review and first-hand experience of podcast production enabled the students to appreciate the advantages of podcasting and the potential for its widespread future applications. Their wider reading revealed that podcast-using study participants outperformed or matched their peers in assessments, and overwhelmingly enjoyed using podcasts over traditional teaching methods.

The use of podcasting can complement traditional psychiatry training and appeal to a generation of digital natives that prefer this learning style. Podcast production is also an excellent revision method, highlighting the advantages of peer-to-peer education in both learning and increasing engagement with psychiatry.

No significant relationships.

All over the world, there is global emergency when it comes to respecting human rights in providing good mental health services. Morocco as an African and a developing country has always had a mental health policy defined by several glitches and failures, which had not helped him improve its mental health services quality. Nevertheless, huge improvements were achieved through time.

This report, aims to draw attention on how compulsory it is to think and act all together to promote mental health and provide patients with better health services in Morocco.

The National Human Rights Council conducted an information and investigation mission in Morocco's main mental health hospitals and facilities between March 27 and July 6, 2012.

Structures are insufficient and inadequate in terms of geographical distribution, architecture and equipment. There is a big shortage of medical and paramedical staff and little interest is given to vulnerable groups. Nevertheless, huge improvements have also been achieved through time with mental health issues becoming a cornerstone of the ministerial program, the involvement of the NGOs, the construction of newer facilities, the implementation of an information gathering system and the presence of a substance use policy.

Psychiatry in Morocco has come a long way since it was firstly implemented in the country as a medical specialty. Undoubtedly, a lot has been done but much more remains to be achieved. The current situation requires relevant actions and that clearly includes the implementation of a new mental health policy and the update of the legal framework.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Few studies have assessed the characteristics of spousal psychopathologies among parents of schoolchildren with and without psychological disorders (PD) in China.

Parental symptoms were measured using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) in 275 mothers and 278 fathers of 298 schoolchildren with PDs diagnosed in a population survey and in 825 mothers and 834 fathers of 894 schoolchildren without PDs as a 1:3 matched comparison group. Spousal GHQ scores were compared. Childhood PD type, presence of childhood comorbidities, and multiple parental and family characteristics were examined as predictors for parental GHQ scores by multiple linear regression analyses.

The GHQ scores were significantly higher among mothers and fathers of children with any PD. Maternal GHQ scores were higher than paternal scores and significantly correlated with paternal GHQ scores in both groups. Spousal GHQ, personal PD history, and childhood PD comorbidity were significant independent predictors of both parents’ GHQ scores. There were also significant associations among parental chronic disease, low family income, and paternal and maternal GHQ score, as well as among low maternal education, less common disorder (LCD) prevalence in children and maternal GHQ score. The rate of GHQ score ≥3 for both parents was significantly higher in the study group than the control group (15.1 vs.7.0%).

Parents of children with any PD type demonstrate significantly elevated psychopathologies, and psychopathology tends to occur concomitantly and resemble that of the other spouse. Screening and treatment of parental psychiatric symptoms will benefit all family members.

In recent years, psychiatry in the United Kingdom has faced an important challenge due to the shortage of beds for patients with increased lengths of stay. Available resources have been saturated due to the reduced capability of psychiatric hospitals to provide spaces for patients needing access to psychiatric care.

This research provides a figure of length of stay linked to psychiatric pathology at discharge.

To establish the length of admission of psychiatric patients.

The sample comprised 137 discharges from a general adult psychiatric ward distributed over the first 8 months of 2016. Results were analyzed by descriptive statistics and meta-analysis.

Overall, longer periods of admission were recorded for psychoses and shorter periods for adjustment disorders. Psychoses had a median length of admission of 28 days (range = 3–374); borderline personality disorders, 10 days (range = 1–249); mood disorders, 14 days (range = 2–74); drug addictions, 6 days (range = 1–222); and adjustment disorders, 5 days (range = 1–55). Meta-analysis (Fig. 1) provided a confidence interval estimate for the whole model of 24.314 days (95% CI = 13.00–35.621) with P < .001. Meta-analysis results also provided t2 = 101.061, Cochrane's Q (df = 4) = 14.327, I2 = 72.081, with P = .006.

Psychoses are conditions that require longer admissions, whereas adjustment disorders are more transient pathologies. Borderline personality disorder is somewhat of a hybrid condition. Overall, patients remain in hospital for about a month (24 days).

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Autism spectrum disorders encompass a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders. Autism may be accompanied by other mental and neurological disorders. Comorbidity in autism is the rule rather than the exception (as reflected in DSM-5).

To study comorbidity in patients with childhood autism and hyperkinetic disorder.

Surveyed 102 patients aged 6–7 years who had infantile psychosis before the age of 3 years (F84.02), comorbid with hyperkinetic disorder (F90.0). Methods: clinical, psychological and psychometric (CARS, PEP, bfcrs, CGI, CPRS-R:S (parents’ form)).

In the surveyed patients, the autism level was 46 points according to CARS. Manifestations of hyperkinetic disorder in patients with F84.02 are found in 72%, which is associated with the severity of catatonic arousal (BFCRS 36 points). The cognitive development of the examined children is characterized by a combination of advancing, normative and delayed levels of development, depending on the type of cognitive dysontogenesis. Low indicators are revealed in involuntary attention, fine motor skills and hand-eye coordination. In patients with F84.02, a secondary hyperkinetic disorder forms upon exit from severe catatonia.

Excessive motor activity is combined with impulsiveness and impaired attention in the period of remission. The use of a complex of clinical and psychodiagnostic techniques aimed at assessing voluntary and involuntary attention provides additional data for the diagnosis of ASD and hyperkinetic disorders.

Sleep is absolutely essential for normal, healthy function. Sleep disturbances are one of the most common under diagnosed and under treated health problems among the adult population. The disturbances in sleep and wake process caused physical and mental disorders.

The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of sleeping problems to in the nursing and midwifery students.

This research is a descriptive study. The participants consist of 321 individual were selected by census sampling. Data were collected by questionnaire that concluded 2 parts; A- demographic factors B- questions related to sleep disorders.

Outcome showed that nearly one-three of nursing and midwifery students suffered from insomnia. The percentage was significantly higher among women (37.1%) than among men (23.1%). The prevalence of insomnia was higher in nursing students (39.3%) than midwifery students (31.2%).

Sleep disorders distracted the physical and mental health of students. It impacted on academic performance and decreased educational achievement of students. Emotional stress and anxiety are some factors of sleep disorders, with recognizing these factors, we can operate effective interventions.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Increased caregiver burden and burn out in Alzheimer disease is associated with a spectrum of problems, like depression or anxiety.

To examine the relationship between the burden of care and burnout level of professional staff dealing with Alzheimer's disease patients in geriatric inpatient centers in Turkey.

Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale to measure the level of burden of care, and Maslach Burnout Inventory were used to measure the level of burnout. Relationships between the socio-demographic data of the sample group, burden of care and burnout level were investigated. Sample group was consisting of 203 caregivers working in 8 geriatric care centers in Istanbul.

The surveyed caregivers’ “burden of care giving” level was low (35.3 ± 9.9); “emotional exhaustion” level was weak (2.3 ± 0.8); “depersonalization” level was weak (1.9 ± 0.6); “a feeling of low personal accomplishment” level was weak (2.5 ± 0.8); “general burnout” level was weak (2.3 ± 0.5). There was positive correlation between caregiver burden and burnout level. According to the sociodemographic data, married women with children were especially in increased risk for burnout. Low level of education was associated with increased caregiver burden and burnout. Caregiver burden and depersonalization points were also higher with increasing age.

Supportive interventions are needed to decrease the burnout and caregiver burden especially for the caregivers with increased risk.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The present paper is a quasi-experimental research and uses pre-test and post-test method with control group. The tool used in this paper in the pre-test and post-test stages is Cooper Smith's Self-Esteem Questionnaire. Sub-scales include educational self-esteem, family self-esteem, physical self-esteem, and social self-esteem. In this paper, group narrative therapy was held in eight weekly sessions for 90 minutes and 15 participants. The statistical universe comprises all 10-14 years old girls of Torkaman Welfare Organization in District 17 of Tehran. Multi-stage random sampling method was used in this paper. All these girls were given Cooper Smith's self-esteem test. From among the girls who had lower self-esteem, 15 girls were selected randomly as the test group and 13 ones were selected as control group. This paper has used t-student test, Levine F test for equality of variances, box test for model goodness of fit, covariance test for calculating the effect between the subjects in two control and test groups.

The main result of this paper indicates that narrative therapy has a significant effect on general self-esteem, social self-esteem, and physical self-esteem; but it has no significant effect on family self-esteem and educational self-esteem.

Atypical anti-psychotics are increasingly prescribed, given their tolerance. Among these anti-psychotic olanzapine, known for its adverse metabolic effects. By against an adverse event type rhabdomyolysis with olanzapine appears uncommon (<1%) and few clinical cases have been reported in the literature.

The aim of our study is to illustrate with a clinical case the occurrence of an isolated rhabdomyolysis with olanzapine.

Starting from the study of the case of a patient with rhabdomyolysis with olanzapine we studied the literature data. Clinical vignette: it is about a patient aged 25 followed for bipolar disorder type I. He responded to the association olanzapine and valproic acid then to valproic acid only. His last hospitalization for manic relapse dating to September 9, 2015 occurred in a context of treatment discontinuation. Upon admission the patient underwent an oral treatment based olanzapine and valproic acid. A dosage of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) done systematically, on September 11 showed high levels of (CPK) to 973 (U/L) without clinical signs of neuroleptic malignant syndrome. The electrocardiogram and biological tests results were normal. Other etiologies can lead to elevated (CPK) were eliminated. The persistent elevation of CPK motivated the arrest of olanzapine. The evolution was marked by a return to normal CPK rates after 15 days. The olanzapine was replaced by haloperidol and vaproic acid maintained. The pharmacovigilance investigation conclude to the accountability of olanzapine in this rhabdomyolysis.

Second generation, anti-psychotics are known for their better tolerance compared to conventional antipsychotics. However, they are not devoid of side effects.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Personality plays a crucial role in a person's behavior, emotions and cognitive patterns and shows an important relationship with several variables such as marital status, mental disorders or parenting models. However, little is known about the relation between the parental Big Five personality traits (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Conscientiousness and Agreeableness) and children psychopathology regardless of the diagnostic of their offspring.

To analyze the correlation between parents’ Big Five personality traits and their children categorical diagnosis and psychopathology score.

The authors recruited 105 children in the outpatient unit of the child and adolescent psychiatry department of the pediatric hospital of Coimbra and their 117 parents. Parents were assessed using the Portuguese version of Neo Five-Factor Inventory and children psychopathology scores were rated by child and adolescent psychiatrists using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale for Children.

Forty-nine children (46.7%) were male and 56 (53.3%) were female, with a mean age of 12.5 ± 3.2 and 13.6 ± 2.9, respectively. Twenty parents (17.1%) were male and 97 (82.9%) were female, with a mean age of 45.8 ± 4.1 and 41.2 ± 5.4, respectively. After excluding children diagnosed with Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, autism spectrum disorders and intellectual developmental disorder, Pearson's correlation coefficients were significant between: parents’ neuroticism and children Uncooperativeness (0.211), Manipulativeness (0.238), Hallucinations (0.257), Sleep difficulties (0.296) and Disorientation (0.204); parents’ agreeableness and children hostility (−0.228); and parent's conscientiousness and children disorientation (−0.231), all P < 0.05.

These preliminary results suggest that parental personality traits may influence psychopathological outcomes in their children. Data are still being collected to clarify the nature of this relationship.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The current pandemic crisis disturbed the life of universities and college campuses leading to an overwhelming effect on the educational system, social life, and mental health of students. In this scenario, coping strategies like resilience and hope provide a counterbalance in periods of uncertainty and stress.

This study aims to: a) evaluate the prevalence and severity of depression, anxiety, and stress among higher education students during the COVID-19 pandemic; b) characterize the hope and resilient coping levels of graduate students.

Using a convenience sampling method, online self-reported data were collected between April 2020 to January 2021. The information gathered includes a Sociodemographic Form, the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) the Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS) and the Herth Hope Index (HHI).

A total of Portuguese 1522 students (75.1% women and 24.9% men) took part in this study. The sample mean age was 22.88±6.93 years [range 18-59 years]. We identified a significant prevalence of symptoms of stress (35.7%), anxiety (36.2%) and depression (28.5%) in our population. The BRSCS score indicated that 60.2% of students exhibited low, 22.7% moderate and 17.1% high levels of resilient coping. The HHI mean was 35.53±5.92 [range 12-48].

The study findings indicate a substantial portion of the students is at high risk of psychological consequences during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study recommends that is needed to get a wider picture of today’s “new normal” education and to develop supportive strategies to enhance students’ mental health and well-being in future pandemics.

No significant relationships.

Insomnia has been related to a more severe substance use disorder presentation (1). There are few longitudinal studies in outpatients center for SUD treatment that evaluate how insomnia impacts on relapses.

To analyze how insomnia impacts on the time of the first substance relapse in SUD outpatients after the onset of addiction treatment.

This is a one-year follow-up study performed on 116 patients (73.3% males; mean age 43.4±14.3) for whom we had information from baseline insomnia and the time for the first relapse. A Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed. This is part of a greater research on Alexithymia in SUD in a longitudinal study.

The initial sample consisted of 116 patients, information on relapses was available for 113 patients. The main substances used at baseline were alcohol (62.1%), cocaine (56.0%), cannabis (42.2%), and opiates (30.2%).

It is important to evaluate insomnia at the onset of addiction treatment because insomnia may be related to earlier relapses. Furthermore, it should be analyzed further on how insomnia treatment impact on substance relapses. REFERENCES 1. Miller MB, Donahue ML, Carey KB, Scott-Sheldon LAJ. Insomnia treatment in the context of alcohol use disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2017;181:200-207. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.09.029

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a polygenic disorder associated with brain alterations but until recently, there have been no brain-based metrics to quantify individual-level variation in brain morphology. Here, we evaluated and compared the performance of a new brain-based ‘Regional Vulnerability Index’ (RVI) with polygenic risk scores (PRS), in the context of MDD. We assessed associations with syndromal MDD in an adult sample (N = 702, age = 59 ± 10) and with subclinical depressive symptoms in a longitudinal adolescent sample (baseline N = 3,825, age = 10 ± 1; 2-year follow-up N = 2,081, age = 12 ± 1).

MDD-RVIs quantify the correlation of the individual’s corresponding brain metric with the expected pattern for MDD derived in an independent sample. Using the same methodology across samples, subject-specific MDD-PRS and six MDD-RVIs based on different brain modalities (subcortical volume, cortical thickness, cortical surface area, mean diffusivity, fractional anisotropy, and multimodal) were computed.

In adults, MDD-RVIs (based on white matter and multimodal measures) were more strongly associated with MDD (β = 0.099–0.281, PFDR = 0.001–0.043) than MDD-PRS (β = 0.056–0.152, PFDR = 0.140–0.140). In adolescents, depressive symptoms were associated with MDD-PRS at baseline and follow-up (β = 0.084–0.086, p = 1.38 × 10−4−4.77 × 10−4) but not with any MDD-RVIs (β < 0.05, p > 0.05).

Our results potentially indicate the ability of brain-based risk scores to capture a broader range of risk exposures than genetic risk scores in adults and are also useful in helping us to understand the temporal origins of depression-related brain features. Longitudinal data, specific to the developmental period and on white matter measures, will be useful in informing risk for subsequent psychiatric illness.

Estimate the prevalence of cigarette smoking and some of the related factors among schizophrenic and other hospitalized psychiatric patients.

This was a cross-sectional study on 120 patients hospitalized in Shahid Beheshti hospital in Kerman in 2005. Patients were equally devided in two groups of schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders. Sampling was based on statistical census and data were collected using a questionnaire including 27 questions on demographic data, psychiatric disorder, smoking cigarettes and other substances, and Fagerstrom test. Data were analyzed by Chi-square and ANOVA tests using SPSS software.

Prevalence and severity of cigarette smoking was 71.6% and 6.47% among schizophrenic and 51.6% and 6.40% among other psychiatric patients, respectively and the difference was not significant. History of withdrawal was 25.6% and 58.1% in the schizophrenia and other disorders respectively and the difference was significant (P < 0.05). Addiction to other substances was 51.6% in schizophrenic and 45% in the other patients and the most prevalent substances in both groups were opium and alcohol. The severity of smoking cigarettes was 6.9 along with other drug abuses and 5.1 in cases with just smoking based on Fagerstrom test and the difference was significant (P < 0.05).

The prevalence of cigarette smoking in both schizophrenia and other psychiatric patients is higher than normal population, but there is no significant difference between these two groups. Schizophrenic patients need persistent supportive and supervising programs for cigarette smoking abuse treatment because of their cognitive, motivate and social problems.