One of the most difficult aspects of unexplained infertility treatments are feelings of uncertainty and the perception that infertility is beyond one's personal control, both of which make the infertility situation more threatening and stressful.

The aim of this study was to explore the correlation between general self-efficacy and infertility specific well-being and distress among women with unexplained infertility.

The sample consisted of 97 women with unexplained infertility aged between 22 and 46 years old (mean age: 33.58), who were recruited from the obstetrics and gynecology clinic “National front”. Mean duration of conception attempts was 3.10 years. The General Self-Efficacy Scale and the Infertility Specific Well-Being and Distress Scales were applied in the study.

The mean score on the General Self-Efficacy Scale was 32.77 (SD = 4.624), on the Well-Being scale 3.22 (SD = 0.984) and on the Distress scale 1.94 (SD = 0.754). There was a positive correlation between intensity of infertility specific well-being and general self-efficacy (r = 0.502; P < 0.01) and a negative correlation between infertility specific distress and general self-efficacy (r = −0.265; P < 0.01). Women with unexplained infertility with higher self-efficacy expressed higher levels of well-being and lower levels of distress.

The results of our study indicate that women with unexplained infertility who perceive their problems as being beyond their control express higher levels of stress and lower levels of well-being. Psychological treatment of women with unexplained infertility should focus on the aspects that can be influenced through psychotherapy.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.

Deficits in social cognition, especially in Theory of Mind (ToM) and empathy, may contribute in poor social functioning of patients with bipolar disorder (BD).

Previous studies have found impaired empathy in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder using self-report measures of empathy. However, evidence on the neuropsychological processes that underlie empathic abilities in BD is scarce.

The aim of the study was to assess empathy and ToM abilities in euthymic BD using both self-report and neuropsychological measures.

Fifty-seven euthymic BD patients and 53 healthy control subjects completed the Empathy Quotient, a self-report measure of empathy. A multi-level battery of ToM tasks was applied in all study participants, including First order false beliefs stories, Hinting task and Faux Pas Recognition Test (FP). Besides the ability to recognize Faux Pas, three specific components of ToM were assessed with FP: the affective ToM, the cognitive ToM, and the emotional perspective taking. The two groups were matched for gender, age and education.

Patients with BD reported significantly lower levels of empathy than healthy controls. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the First order false beliefs and Hinting task scores. Patients had significantly lower score than healthy controls in FP recognition and cognitive ToM. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in affective ToM and emotional perspective taking.

Deficits in higher order ToM were found in the euthymic BD. These deficits might have important contribution to empathy impairments found, using self-report scales.

Comparative study of the blood lipid spectrum changes in first-episode schizophrenia patients treated with risperidone and haloperidol.

68 patients with first-episode schizophrenia (average age 24,9 years) and 20 age-matched normal controls were investigated. All patients had PANSS total score not less than 80 points. The patients were divided in two groups of 34 persons in each group: treated with haloperidol and risperidone. Total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL), apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) levels were determined in serum before treatment and after 8 weeks of therapy.

Before the treatment TC, LDL, non-HDL, apoB, Lp(a) levels were authentically higher, but HDL level was lower. After treatment with risperidone and haloperidol HDL and apoA1 levels were increased. In patient group treated with risperidone TC, LDL, non-HDL, apoB, Lp(a) levels did not authentically change after 8 weeks. After treatment with haloperidol TC, LDL, non- HDL, apoB, Lp(a) levels were decreased.

Changes of blood lipid spectrum in first-episode schizophrenia patients were discovered. It was established changes of lipid spectrum in patients treated with risperidone and haloperidol. Haloperidol was noticed to positively influence on blood lipid spectrum in first-episode schizophrenia patients.

The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) is the most common cause of euvolemic hyponatremia in hospitalized patients. The syndrome is an osmoregulatory disorder, consisting of hyponatremia, decreased serum osmolality, inappropriately elevated urine osmolality, excessive urine sodium in a patient who is euvolemic.

The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), a frequently prescribed class of antidepressant, have been well reported to cause SIADH. This often poses a clinical challenge to psychiatrists in the consultation liaison and psychogeriatrics setting, where patients are at a higher risk of developing hyponatremia. Other classes of antidepressants should be considered if clinically indicated.

To report an elderly psychiatric patient who was diagnosed with SIADH induced by duloxetine, which belongs to a class of antidepressant known as the serotonin-norepinephrine-reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs).

Patients developing antidepressants induced SIADH present a clinical dilemma to clinicians. Future studies evaluating the incidence of SIADH attributed to the different classes of antidepressants would be helpful to clinicians. Close monitoring of sodium level should be considered when antidepressant therapy is started for patients who are at high risk of developing SIADH.

Truancy is a serious public health problem that affects adolescents from all countries around the world; however, little is known about the short- and long-term outcomes of potential underlying psychological and mental ill-health for those adolescents who truant. Working in Europe to Stop Truancy Among Youth (WE-STAY) project is developed, as a randomized controlled trial (RCT), in order to examine truancy, and its subsequent association with psychological distress and mental illhealth. The WE-STAY Consortium comprises 10 European countries: Estonia, France, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Romania, Slovenia, Spain and Sweden serving as the coordinating centre.

The main objectives of WE-STAY are to gather epidemiological information on truancy on European adolescents; and to perform interventional school-based programs for adolescents, aimed at reducing truancy rates and improve mental health of students.

The WE-STAY project is implementing and evaluating outcomes of three different kinds of preventive interventions on truancy, which is compared with a minimal intervention serving as the control arm. Validated psychometric instruments incorporated into a self-report questionnaire is administered at baseline, 1- and 12-month follow-up assessments.

The WE-STAY project is expected to generate valuable information about the behaviour of European adolescents regarding attendance to school. The existing research on truancy is very scarce and affected by methodological shortcomings that make evaluating the effectiveness of their programs difficult. The main philosophy underlying the WE-STAY project is to consider truancy as a warning-sign for psychological and social distress in adolescents.

In clinical practice, insomnia is a common feature in anorexia nervosa (AN). Sleep self-reports in AN suggest that these patients report poor sleep quality and reduced total sleep time. Weight loss, starvation and malnutrition can all affect sleep. Patients with eating disorders who have sleep disturbances have more severe symptomatology.

The authors intend to review sleep disturbances observed in AN, describe possible pathophysiological mechanisms and evaluate the clinical impact of sleep disturbances on the treatment and prognosis of the disease.

In this study, a non-systematic search of published literature from January 1970 and August 2015 was carried out, through PubMed, using the following keywords: ‘sleep’, ‘anorexia nervosa’ and ‘insomnia’.

These patients subjectively report having poor sleep quality, with difficulty falling asleep, interrupted sleep, early morning waking or reduced total sleep time. Sleep disturbances found in AN using polysomnography are: reduction in total sleep time, decrease in slow wave sleep, slow wave activity and reduced sleep efficiency.

Privation of adequate and restful sleep has a negative impact on the quality of life of patients, may contribute to the appearance of comorbidities, such as depression and anxiety, and to a poor prognosis for AN.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The diagnostic frontiers of social anxiety disorder (SAD) are still controversial, since it could be described as part of a continuum of severity rather than as a disorder based on an arbitrary threshold with qualitative distinctions. The present study aims to investigate possible differences among subjects along the social anxiety spectrum using the Simulated Public Speaking Test (SPST), an experimental model of human anxiety. Afterwards, the anticipatory measures of SPST among groups were correlated with different volume of gray matter areas by MRI using the voxel-based morphometry method.

We evaluated patients with generalized SAD (n=25), subjects with subclinical SAD (with fear of a social situation without avoidance or impairment; n=14) and healthy controls (n=22).

The subjective SPST findings showed that avoidance and functioning impairment were due to a negative self-evaluation in SPST and not to the level of anxiety experienced. When all groups were pooled together, there was a positive correlation between levels of anxiety experienced and the volume of the right amygdala. The negative self-evaluation of performance in the SPST was associated with a reduction in the volume of the anterior cingulated complex (ACC) only in the SAD group.

These results suggest that the association between anxiety and amygdala volume may be a part of a continuum of social anxiety. However, the correlation between self-evaluation of performance with reduced ACC volume only in the SAD group does not support the idea that this association may be also part of a continuum.

Increased caregiver burden and burn out in Alzheimer disease is associated with a spectrum of problems, like depression or anxiety.

To examine the relationship between the burden of care and burnout level of professional staff dealing with Alzheimer's disease patients in geriatric inpatient centers in Turkey.

Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale to measure the level of burden of care, and Maslach Burnout Inventory were used to measure the level of burnout. Relationships between the socio-demographic data of the sample group, burden of care and burnout level were investigated. Sample group was consisting of 203 caregivers working in 8 geriatric care centers in Istanbul.

The surveyed caregivers’ “burden of care giving” level was low (35.3 ± 9.9); “emotional exhaustion” level was weak (2.3 ± 0.8); “depersonalization” level was weak (1.9 ± 0.6); “a feeling of low personal accomplishment” level was weak (2.5 ± 0.8); “general burnout” level was weak (2.3 ± 0.5). There was positive correlation between caregiver burden and burnout level. According to the sociodemographic data, married women with children were especially in increased risk for burnout. Low level of education was associated with increased caregiver burden and burnout. Caregiver burden and depersonalization points were also higher with increasing age.

Supportive interventions are needed to decrease the burnout and caregiver burden especially for the caregivers with increased risk.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The present paper is a quasi-experimental research and uses pre-test and post-test method with control group. The tool used in this paper in the pre-test and post-test stages is Cooper Smith's Self-Esteem Questionnaire. Sub-scales include educational self-esteem, family self-esteem, physical self-esteem, and social self-esteem. In this paper, group narrative therapy was held in eight weekly sessions for 90 minutes and 15 participants. The statistical universe comprises all 10-14 years old girls of Torkaman Welfare Organization in District 17 of Tehran. Multi-stage random sampling method was used in this paper. All these girls were given Cooper Smith's self-esteem test. From among the girls who had lower self-esteem, 15 girls were selected randomly as the test group and 13 ones were selected as control group. This paper has used t-student test, Levine F test for equality of variances, box test for model goodness of fit, covariance test for calculating the effect between the subjects in two control and test groups.

The main result of this paper indicates that narrative therapy has a significant effect on general self-esteem, social self-esteem, and physical self-esteem; but it has no significant effect on family self-esteem and educational self-esteem.

Atypical anti-psychotics are increasingly prescribed, given their tolerance. Among these anti-psychotic olanzapine, known for its adverse metabolic effects. By against an adverse event type rhabdomyolysis with olanzapine appears uncommon (<1%) and few clinical cases have been reported in the literature.

The aim of our study is to illustrate with a clinical case the occurrence of an isolated rhabdomyolysis with olanzapine.

Starting from the study of the case of a patient with rhabdomyolysis with olanzapine we studied the literature data. Clinical vignette: it is about a patient aged 25 followed for bipolar disorder type I. He responded to the association olanzapine and valproic acid then to valproic acid only. His last hospitalization for manic relapse dating to September 9, 2015 occurred in a context of treatment discontinuation. Upon admission the patient underwent an oral treatment based olanzapine and valproic acid. A dosage of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) done systematically, on September 11 showed high levels of (CPK) to 973 (U/L) without clinical signs of neuroleptic malignant syndrome. The electrocardiogram and biological tests results were normal. Other etiologies can lead to elevated (CPK) were eliminated. The persistent elevation of CPK motivated the arrest of olanzapine. The evolution was marked by a return to normal CPK rates after 15 days. The olanzapine was replaced by haloperidol and vaproic acid maintained. The pharmacovigilance investigation conclude to the accountability of olanzapine in this rhabdomyolysis.

Second generation, anti-psychotics are known for their better tolerance compared to conventional antipsychotics. However, they are not devoid of side effects.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Personality plays a crucial role in a person's behavior, emotions and cognitive patterns and shows an important relationship with several variables such as marital status, mental disorders or parenting models. However, little is known about the relation between the parental Big Five personality traits (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Conscientiousness and Agreeableness) and children psychopathology regardless of the diagnostic of their offspring.

To analyze the correlation between parents’ Big Five personality traits and their children categorical diagnosis and psychopathology score.

The authors recruited 105 children in the outpatient unit of the child and adolescent psychiatry department of the pediatric hospital of Coimbra and their 117 parents. Parents were assessed using the Portuguese version of Neo Five-Factor Inventory and children psychopathology scores were rated by child and adolescent psychiatrists using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale for Children.

Forty-nine children (46.7%) were male and 56 (53.3%) were female, with a mean age of 12.5 ± 3.2 and 13.6 ± 2.9, respectively. Twenty parents (17.1%) were male and 97 (82.9%) were female, with a mean age of 45.8 ± 4.1 and 41.2 ± 5.4, respectively. After excluding children diagnosed with Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, autism spectrum disorders and intellectual developmental disorder, Pearson's correlation coefficients were significant between: parents’ neuroticism and children Uncooperativeness (0.211), Manipulativeness (0.238), Hallucinations (0.257), Sleep difficulties (0.296) and Disorientation (0.204); parents’ agreeableness and children hostility (−0.228); and parent's conscientiousness and children disorientation (−0.231), all P < 0.05.

These preliminary results suggest that parental personality traits may influence psychopathological outcomes in their children. Data are still being collected to clarify the nature of this relationship.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The current pandemic crisis disturbed the life of universities and college campuses leading to an overwhelming effect on the educational system, social life, and mental health of students. In this scenario, coping strategies like resilience and hope provide a counterbalance in periods of uncertainty and stress.

This study aims to: a) evaluate the prevalence and severity of depression, anxiety, and stress among higher education students during the COVID-19 pandemic; b) characterize the hope and resilient coping levels of graduate students.

Using a convenience sampling method, online self-reported data were collected between April 2020 to January 2021. The information gathered includes a Sociodemographic Form, the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) the Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS) and the Herth Hope Index (HHI).

A total of Portuguese 1522 students (75.1% women and 24.9% men) took part in this study. The sample mean age was 22.88±6.93 years [range 18-59 years]. We identified a significant prevalence of symptoms of stress (35.7%), anxiety (36.2%) and depression (28.5%) in our population. The BRSCS score indicated that 60.2% of students exhibited low, 22.7% moderate and 17.1% high levels of resilient coping. The HHI mean was 35.53±5.92 [range 12-48].

The study findings indicate a substantial portion of the students is at high risk of psychological consequences during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study recommends that is needed to get a wider picture of today’s “new normal” education and to develop supportive strategies to enhance students’ mental health and well-being in future pandemics.

No significant relationships.