Emotional intelligence (EI) assessment has become an effective technique in exploring individual competencies. In the medical educational, there is a growing evidence for relation between academic achievement and emotional intelligence.

To examine relation between academic achievement and emotional intelligence among medical students.

A cross-sectional study of 189 female university students using paper-based Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory: Youth Version was conducted. BarOn EQ-i:YV consists of 7 sub-scores which estimate various domains of emotional intelligence along with general mood. The academic achievement was assessed via self-reported Grade Point Average (GPA).

The average Intrapersonal score of participating students was 14.9 ± 3.4 and Interpersonal was 41.7 ± 4.9. The students scored 32.0 ± 5.0 in stress management scale and 31.9 ± 4 in adaptability. The lowest score achieved in the Emotional Inelegance scale was 32.5 whereas the top score was 71.3. The average general mood was 47.1 ± 6.4 and the positive impression ranged between 6 and 23 (17.3 ± 2.8). Positive week correlations were defined between the GPA and self-efficacy (r = 0.13) and Adaptability (r = 0.08) though these correlations were statistically insignificant (P > 0.05). Linear regression model showed that domains of Bar-On scale could explain up to 33% of changes in GPA (R2 = 0.33) with significant effect of self-efficacy, adaptability and general mood scores (P < 0.05).

Medical students showed high level of emotional intelligence which positively affect their academic achievement. Therefore, improving the emotional intelligence domains can help students improving their academic achievement.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Accumulating evidence suggests a long-term health risk of cesarean section for the mother and child, but few studies have examined the link between cesarean section and parenting stress. Here, we examined this association by exploiting a large dataset.

Participants were 65,235 mothers participating in the Japan Environment and Children’s Study, an ongoing nationwide birth cohort. Outcome variables were parenting stress assessed as total score and subscale scores (representing the difficult child, parental distress, and spouse factors) on the Japanese 19-item version of the Parenting Stress Index Short Form (J-PSI-SF). Exposures were the mode of delivery, the timing of the J-PSI-SF assessment (1.5, 2.5, and 3.5 years postpartum), and the interaction between them. Multivariate regression analysis was used to calculate adjusted β coefficients and standard error of the means (SEMs).

The J-PSI-SF total score was higher in the cesarean section group than in the vaginal delivery group (adjusted β = 0.24, SEM = 0.09). This increase was primarily due to higher scores for the difficult child factor (adjusted β = 0.18, SEM = 0.05) and not to higher scores for the parental distress or spouse factor.

Cesarean section was associated with higher parenting stress, especially in relation to the difficult child factor. Our results highlight the importance of paying particular attention to the mental health of both mother and child in the case of cesarean section.

Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic medication, previously expected to be safe in terms of hematological side effects and an alternative choice to clozapine in patients who develop hematotoxicities. However, since olanzapine was introduced to the market, a lot of cases reports have been published revealing it could cause hematoxicity. Some of them indicate that olanzapine induces agranulocytosis. Because of that, it raises the concerns about hematological safety of olanzapine.

To date, no review discusses this topic specifically, so we conducted a systemic review to explore and address this issue.

We searched Pubmed, Google Scholar, Ovid and Medline databases for articles between 1998 and 2015 that include keywords olanzapine, leukopenia, neutropenia, and agranulocytosis.

A total of 38 publications were identified. The case reports included patients aged 16 to 83 years. Doses ranged from 2.5 to 30 mg. After starting treatment, onset of hematotoxicity varied from the first day to 2–3 years, but most commonly within the first month. Also, olanzapine could induce leukopenia in patients who have never developed drug-related leukopenia.

Among antipsychotic medications, olanzapine is the third leading cause of neutropenia and the second leading cause of atypical antipsychotic medication. Because of the small body of literature regarding the hematotoxic side effects of olanzapine, we encourage further research to understand the mechanism by which olanzapine causes granulocytopenia. The identification of risk factors could facilitate the development of new surveillance guidelines in patients taking olanzapine. We recommend that the guidelines of using and monitoring olanzapine need to be reconsidered.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

A depressive disorder is an illness that involves the body, mood, thoughts, and behaviors. It affects the way a person eats, feels, sleeps and thinks about things. A research about depression in Urmia University of medical sciences was done to propose some methods for solving of problems of the students. This study aimed to identify the presence of depression among medical students

This study designed to determine prevalence of depression in student of Urmia, Iran. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 700 undergraduate medical and basic students in Urmia University of medical science, west Azerbaijan Province, Iran. BDI questionnaire has been used for data gathering.

Mean score of students was 10.4 ± 0.8 and 52.6% of students scored under the threshold of Beck depression inventory questionnaire indicating depressed. 2% of them have a major depression. Results didn’t observe any significant relationship between ages, education, sex, rank of birth, duration of education. Depression level in Urmia medical science university was very high that can affect on the quality of education and social behavior of the students.

It is important to research the causes of depression and plan to omit them. Establishment of consulting and recreation and problem solving centers that they will have in the future can be helpful.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

15-year-old schoolboy admitted to psychiatric hospital after acute psychotic episode. His symptoms started 2 years ago. After a few months he was diagnosed schizophrenia paranoid type. During 2 years he has been hospitalized many times because of persistent psychotic symptoms. He was treated using: risperidon, olanzapine, amisulpride, quetiapine, ziprasidone, perfenazin. All the drugs were ineffective, all were used in full doses, given no shorter than 8 weeks. Patient did not cooperate in treatment - he spits out or has hide the tablets, has to be controlled during drug supplies. He did not responded to long-acting injections of risperidon. Finally the treatment has been changed to new form of olanzapine in extended release injections started 210 mg i.m. every 14 days increased to 300 mg after 2 weeks. After 2 months of treatment (5 injections) reduction of positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia was observed. Patients starts to socialize, attend school. He is on the drug now, the drug is well tolerated.

Drop out of new patients on follow up visit are frequently seen in outpatient psychiatric clinic. It is very important to explore the reason for dropout as it affects economy, manpower, patient health and treatment process.

To assess and evaluate the reason for drop out in newly diagnosed psychiatric patient at urban psychiatric outpatient clinic of north India.

To explore and establish relation between the common factor for continuing the treatment or switching to some alternative options of treatment.

The newly enrolled psychiatric patients with established diagnosis has been included in study over a period of one month and followed up for next six months on their given appointment dates. The patients were followed up by telephone, e-mail or personal visit to their home by a psychiatric social worker with specific set of questionnaires to evaluate the reason for drop out.

180 newly diagnosed patients had been included in study in one month of inclusion period. 26 patients (14.4%) drop out the treatment after first visit. 14 patients (7.7%) dropped the treatment after second visit. Drop outs gradually decreased after every subsequent visit.

Maximum drop outs of patients were on first follow visit. There was gradual decrease in dropout rate after every subsequent visit. Trust, rapport, first dose effect, immediate response to patient query were most important factor to hold the patient in initial few visits. Later on, the old patients who had been already made 3-4 visits, dropped due to side effects, treatment response, economical factor, distance and timing of outpatient clinic.

Transition into parenthood is a demanding phase in life and exposes the becoming parents to vulnerability for depression, anxiety and stress. Perinatal mental health problems are a major public health issue and many women suffering from depression during their first year after delivery. High levels of stress during pregnancy are associated with adverse psychological and physiological outcomes for the infant and parents. There seems to be an intergenerational transmission of mental health from parent to infant. The current study evaluated the effectiveness of mindfulness intervention during pregnancy in reducing depression symptoms, anxiety and perceived stress in parents-to-be.

Assess whether the mindfulness will improve interaction between mother-infant at 12 months.

Perceived stress scale and Edinburgh postnatal depression scale used to measure stress and depression during pregnancy. Parent child early relational assessment assessed mother-infant interaction.

Inhibited parent-infant relationships were more common in the control group comparing to the mindfulness intervention group. This is in line with previous research on periantal depression, anxiety, and stress, showing more dysfunctional dyads. A depressed mother has reduced capability to be alert to her baby's signals, which is necessary for appropriate parent-infant relationship to occur. The cumulative effect of impaired parent-infant relationship is a “depressed dyad” of mother and infant.

Mindfulness intervention reduced depressive symptoms, anxiety, and perceived stress in pregnant women. At 12 months mother-infant relationship assessment, the mindfulness intervention group dyads showed a more attuned mother-infant interaction.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Changes in inflammatory and metabolic markers are implicated in the pathogenesis in both the development and progression of bipolar disorder (BD). Notwithstanding, these markers have not been investigated in newly diagnosed BD.

We compared high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and homocysteine (Hcy) levels in 372 patients with newly diagnosed BD, 106 unaffected first-degree relatives (URs), and 201 healthy control persons (HCs). Within the patient group, we also investigated possible associations between hs-CRP and Hcy, respectively, with illness-related characteristics and psychotropic medication.

No statistically significant differences in Hcy and hs-CRP levels were found when comparing BD and URs with HCs. Similarly, there were no differences when comparing only patients in remission or patients with affective symptoms, respectively, with HCs. Hcy levels were found to be 11.9% (95% CI: 1.030–1.219) higher in patients with BD when compared with their URs (p = 0.008), when adjusting for folate and cobalamin status, age, sex, and self-reported activity levels. Hcy levels were significantly associated with folate, cobalamin, gender, and age in all models (p < 0.05).

Our results do not support hs-CRP or Hcy as markers in newly diagnosed BD.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Many students experience symptoms of loneliness, either as a result of the new academic situation or due to the lack of social skills, which results in an inability to actively participate in community activities and socialization. Depression is another common problem that impacts students’ ability to perform life activities. Further, while intuitively a negative association between loneliness, depression and academic achievement is assumed, consistent data are missing. Accordingly, the present study investigated the relationship between depression, and loneliness and academic achievement among undergraduate students.

This study was carried out on 240 university students (mean age: M = 23.42 years), who completed the Beck Depression Inventory and the UCLA Loneliness Scale, while for academic achievement the average marks were used.

Increased age was associated with lower scores in loneliness and depression, and higher achievements. Higher scores of depression and loneliness were associated. Achievement scores were unrelated to loneliness and depression.

Against intuitive expectations, academic achievement was unrelated to symptoms of depression and loneliness. Accordingly, we assume that academic achievement seemed to be related to further cognitive and emotional processes such as motivation, mental toughness, stress resistance, and goal oriented behavior.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

ADHD is associated with impairments in different inhibitory functions, including suppression of an already initiated response and inhibition of distracting information. This work used a protocol that combines the Stroop-matched and stop-signal tasks to examine the association between the frequency of ADHD symptoms and different inhibitory abilities in a young adult.

To investigate how the symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity / impulsivity are associated with three forms of inhibition evaluated by the Stroop-matched / stop-signal task: inhibiting an automatic response, controlling interference and canceling a response.

38 participants (33 women; mean age = 23.3; SD = 5.17) completed Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) assessing ADHD symptoms before performing the task. Reaction times, accuracy and stop-signal reaction time (SSRT; the latency of the inhibitory process of response cancellation) were calculated for each task condition.

There was a significant correlation of ADHD symptoms and SSRT in the condition with the higher perceptual load (i.e., a greater number of colors presented in the same test). This correlation was negative (r = - .36, p <.05), which indicates that participants with higher ADHD symptoms frequency had more efficient inhibitory processes in this condition.

(1) the perceptual load of the task influences the cancellation of responses; (2) individuals with higher frequency of ADHD symptoms may have a better inhibitory capacity when the perceptual load is high, possibly reflecting a lower availability of attentional resources to process distracting information.

No significant relationships.

Psychological vitality has a significant relationship with self-realization, mental health, positive emotions and self-motivation, life satisfaction, and optimism. Additionally, it reduces the possibility of exposure to anxiety, depression and stress. In the same line, work pressures drive teachers to suffer from some negative emotions such as anger and lack of motivation, which in turn influence their vitality, social relations with colleagues.

The present study designed a motivational counseling-based program to improve psychological vitality among teachers in Dhofar region schools

Participants were 60 teachers obtained the lowest degrees on the psychological vitality questionnaire. They were divided randomly into two groups: experimental and control. Qusai-experimental method with two groups design was adopted. The given program consists of 18 counseling sessions at the rate of 3 sessions per week ranging from 60 to 75 minutes.

indicated that statistically significant differences at 0.01 level were found between mean scores of both groups groups on the posttest of psychological vitality favoring the experimental group. Also, statistically significant differences at 0.01 level were detected between the pre-test and post-test (experimental group) mean scores favoring the post-test. Taken together those findings confirm the effectiveness of the counseling program in improving psychological vitality Posttest and follow up test did not significantly differ which prove the continuity of program effectiveness.

To conclude, motivational counseling plays an important role in enhancing psychological vitality of teachers. Further research might use the program in alleviating other psychological disorders.

No significant relationships.

Thyroid dysfunction is relatively common in patients with schizophrenia.This study seeks to determine the prevalence and pattern of thyroid dysfunction and thyroid antibodies presence in a group of adult psychiatric inpatients with chronic schizophrenia.

Thyroid function tests and thyroid antibodies measurement were performed on 88 patients hospitalized in Psichiatric Clinic of UHC “Mother Teresa” from december 2006 to december 2007.

55 of them (62,5%) were females and 33 of them (37,5%) males. A median age of 43 years (range16 to 70 years) and a median duration of hospitalization of 10 years (range 1 to 30 years) was assessed.

TAb were found in 22 patients (25%), of which 18 females and 4 males. 16% of them resulted with positive anticorps for Hashimoto Thyroiditis; 9% for Graves‘disease.

70% had normal test, 8% had elevated TSH: 3% of them with low thyroid hormones and 5% with normal thyroid hormones. 20% of cases had low TSH: 5% of them with high level of thyroid hormones, 15% with normal thyroid hormones. Hypothyroidism was more frequent in elderly patients ( > 60 years old), and in those treated with Risperidone. Most of cases (73%) with thyroid disorders resulted from endemic geographic areas. 37% of them mentioned familial history for thyroid pathology, and 23% for diabetes mellitus type 1.

Thyroid abnormalities are common in patients with chronic schizophrenia.This fact call for caution in the use and interpretation of thyroid function tests in these patients.

The ConstaTRE study was designed to compare long-term relapse in stable patients treated with risperidone long-acting injectable (RLAI) or the oral atypical antipsychotic quetiapine.

This was a randomized, open-label, prospective, active-controlled, multicenter, 2-year trial in symptomatically stable patients with schizophrenia or related disorder who were switched from stable treatment with oral risperidone, olanzapine, or oral conventional antipsychotic to RLAI or quetiapine. Primary efficacy measure was time-to-relapse. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores and safety (adverse events [AEs] and Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale [ESRS]) evaluations were reported.

710 patients were randomized (n=355 per group), with 666 patients (n=329 RLAI and n=337 quetiapine) being evaluable. Mean doses were 32.8±8.0 mg every-two-weeks for RLAI and 396.8±141.9 mg/day for quetiapine. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated a significantly longer relapse-free period with RLAI treatment (log rank: p< 0.0001). Relapse occurred in 16.5% of RLAI and 31.3% of quetiapine patients. Mean duration of treatment was 483.8±277.8 and 400.7±290.6 days for RLAI and quetiapine, respectively. Total PANSS scores improved significantly from baseline to endpoint for the RLAI-treated group (p< 0.001). the endpoint difference favors RLAI over quetiapine (p< 0.001). Treatment-emergent AEs were similar between groups. ESRS total scores decreased for both groups. Possibly prolactin-related AEs occurred more often with RLAI than quetiapine (4.6% versus 1.5%, respectively). Somnolence was reported less often with RLAI than quetiapine (1.8% versus 11.3%, respectively).

Time-to-relapse was significantly longer and relapse rates were significantly lower for RLAI compared with quetiapine. both treatments were well tolerated.

Over the past decade, emotion dysregulation has become a very popular term in the psychiatric and clinical psychology literature and it has been described as a key component in a range of mental disorders. For this reason, it has been recently called the “hallmark of psychopathology” (Beauchaine et al., 2007). However, many issues make this concept controversial.

To explore emotion dysregulation, focusing on problems related to its definition, meanings and role in many psychiatric disorders.

To clarify the psychopathological core of emotion dysregulation and to discuss potential implications for clinical practice.

A literature review was carried out by examining articles published in English between January 2003 and June 2015. A search of the databases PubMed, PsycINFO, Science Direct, Medline, EMBASE and Google Scholar was performed to identify the relevant papers.

Although, there is no agreement about the definition of emotion dysregulation, the following five overlapping, not mutually exclusive dimensions were identified: decreased emotional awareness, inadequate emotional reactivity, intense experience and expression of emotions, emotional rigidity and cognitive reappraisal difficulty. These dimensions characterise a number of psychiatric disorders in different proportions, with borderline personality disorder and eating disorders seemingly more affected than other conditions.

This review highlights a discrepancy between the widespread clinical use of emotion dysregulation and inadequate conceptual status of this construct. Better understanding of the various dimensions of emotion dysregulation has implications for treatment. Future research needs to address emotion dysregulation in all its multifaceted complexity.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

DSM 5 (2013) solicits more empirical data on Internet Addiction (IA) before its inclusion in the Manual.

The objective of the present study was to deepen the relation between internet use and abuse among adolescents and attachment variables. AIMS The aim of the study was to define a psychological profile of adolescents that may enable to discriminate the variables that mark the border between internet use and abuse.

435 adolescents (F=221; M=214) aged 13 to 18 years (mean=15,25; S.D.=1,75) completed the following measures: BFAS -The Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale (Andreassen, et. Al. 2012); SPQ - Shorter Promis Questionnaire (Italian adaptaation Baiocco et.al. 2005); MPIQ - Mobile Phone Involvement Questionnaire (Walsh et.al., 2010); UCLA - Loniless Scale (Russel, 1996); Self Disclosure Online (Schouten et.al. 2007); IPPA – Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (Armsed e Greenberg, 1989; SCL-90 - Symptom Check List (Derogatis, 1980) Camir (Pierrehumbert 1996).

Data showed that ‘digital’ identity is common within the new multitasking generation of not-clinical adolescents, whereas internet abuse is linked to psychic vulnerability and to emotional neglect.

Attachment security, as manifested by secure perception of attachment to parents and friends, the capacity to express emotions, the ability to balance online and offline friendships and psychological wellbeing predict an adequate use of Facebook, preventing internet abuse.