While 1–Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been found to be effective in reducing auditory hallucinations (AH), its effects are transient. cTBS, a patterned-rTMS technique induces sustained long-term-depression-like effects. Here, we demonstrate efficacy of twice daily, bilateral-cTBS in a patient with treatment-resistant AH, reflex hallucinations and vision-touch synesthesia.

A 25-year-old male with 5 years history of treatment-resistant AH (2nd/3rd person), vision-touch synesthesia and reflex hallucinations. He was on a combination of 200 mg clozapine and 300 mg amisulpride for the last 6 months with no improvement. He received two-weeks of twice daily, bilateral-cTBS [40,1 s-trains (bursts of 3-pulses at 50 Hz every 200 ms) given continuously at 90% motor threshold] over the temporoparietal junctions located using the International 10/20 system. Amisulpride was stopped and clozapine was increased to 300 mg/day. Change in AH and synesthesiae were assessed using auditory hallucination rating scale (AHRS) and clinical interview.

AHRS scores reduced from 35/41 to 0/41 at the end of 2 weeks, with substantial improvement being noticed at the end of the fifth day. Synesthesiae and reflex hallucinations also showed similar trends in improvement. No serious adverse events.

Integration of auditory, visual and tactile perceptions is an important function of the temporoparietal junction. administering cTBS to this region bilaterally reduced our patient's perceptual abnormalities. Increasing dose of clozapine could be a confounding factor, however, the rapidity of treatment response enables us to attribute part of the improvement to cTBS.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Frontal lobe deficits have often been reported in patients with schizophrenia. Recently, Dubois et al (2000) reported a short bedside cognitive and behavioral battery for assessing frontal lobe function in patients with neurological disorders. We hypothesized that cognitive functions of frontal lobe in schizophrenia could be evaluated with this battery.

27 patients with schizophrenia and 30 sex and age-matched controls were included. We performed FAB and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) in both groups and we correlated the scores of six subtests and the total FAB score with handedness, education level, age and duration of disease.

The FAB global score was significantly lower in the schizophrenia group compared to controls. There was negative correlation between the FAB scores and their age and duration of disease in the schizophrenia patients. Correlation between FAB scores and MMSE scores was evident in both groups.

The FAB is likely to be a useful and brief battery for assessing frontal lobe function in schizophrenia patients.

Depression is the most common mental health problem among older people, posing a critical impact on their well-being and the quality of life.

To estimate the prevalence and under diagnosis of depression in elderly, and to investigate the association with various factors.

Data on 239 members of “day care centres for older people” in the municipality of Patras, W-Greece, were recorded, including questions regarding self-reported and/or diagnosed depression (EHIS). Furthermore, the Greek version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) was applied. the scores of GDS were compared to the corresponding EHIS answers and associated to various basic parameters.

The results of GDS indicated 45% having depression (36% moderate, 9% severe). Having ever been affected with chronic depression reported 49 (20.5%), out of them 34 (66.7%) were diagnosed by physician. in detail, out of the 162 (67.8%) subjects reporting never have been affected by depression, 37 (22.8) and 8 (4.9%) screened positive for moderate and severe depression, respectively. in 27 individuals who reported not to know if they have depression, 16 revealed depressive symptoms using the GDS. Depression is more frequent in women, in not married, including divorced and widowed, in subjects living alone at home (62% vs 38.1%, p = 0.003), and in elderly with chronic diseases (50.8% vs 27.5%, p = 0.02).

High prevalence of depressive symptoms in elderly population is evident, but rarely recognized. the systematic use of short GDS versions in primary care may increase detection rates of depression among the elderly.

Early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) are thought to act as templates for information processing that influence individuals’ emotional reactions to life satisfaction.

Thus,the main purpose of the present study was to predict Life Satisfaction with respect to early maladaptive schemas among Iranian college students.

The research population consisted of 1700 students. Three hundred undergraduate students (150 female and 150 male) selected by multiple cluster sampling method. Short questionnaire form of early maladaptive schema (YSQ-SF) and life satisfaction questionnaire were used in this study. For analyzing the data, Pearson correlation, Step wise regression and dependent t were used.

Results of correlation showed negative significant correlation between life satisfaction and early maladaptive schemas including emotional Depravation, Social isolation, Defectiveness/sham, failure, Dependence/incompetence

Vulnerability To harm illness, Subjugation, Self-sacrifice, Emotional inhibition, Unrelenting Standards /hyper criticalness and Insufficient Self-Control / Self-Discipline. Only three subscales Including Abandonment/ Instability, entitlement/ grandiosity, enmeshment/ undeveloped self, showed no significant correlation with life satisfaction. Result of regression analysis revealed that among 15 schemas, emotional Depravation, Defectiveness/sham and Dependence/incompetence schemas were best predictor of life satisfaction. In addition, the results indicated a significant difference between two groups of male and female students in subdivisions such as mistrust/abuse, failure, vulnerability to harm or illness, and unrelenting standards/hypocriticalness.

The findings of this study show that the assessment of EMS based on Young’s conceptualization of EMS can increase our understanding about students problems and interventions should be focused on changing these schemas.

Adolescents with Internet addiction were also shown to have higher scores in neuroticism and psychoticism temperament categories than those of the control group.

There is not a study in the literature addressing the correlation between affective temperament profiles and the Internet addiction.

Our aim was to compare the affective temperament profiles and emotional and behavioural characteristics of adolescents with or without the Internet addiction.

This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study. It was conducted in a high school. The study sample included 303 students. A sociodemographic characteristics data form, Internet Addiction Scale (IAS), The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (DSQ), and The Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Autoquestionnaire (TEMPSA) were used to collect data.

Of the sample, 6.6% were found to be addicted to Internet. Having a computer in the home (p< 0.001) was found to be related with higher scores on the IAS. The prevalence rate of anxious temperament for Internet addicts was more than that for non-addicts (p< 0.001). Dysthymic (p< 0.01), cyclothymic (p< 0.01), hyperthymic (p< 0.01), irritable (p< 0.01), and anxious (p< 0.01) temperaments; conduct problems (p< 0.05), hyperactivity-inattention (p< 0.05), emotional symptoms (p< 0.05), and total difficulties (p< 0.01) were found to be correlated with IAS scores.

There is a relation between the Internet addiction and affective temperament profiles, especialy with anxious temperament. Furthermore, emotional and behavioural problems are more frequent in adolescents who have problematic Internet use.

Psilocybin is a psychedelic drug found in mushrooms, often referred to as magic mushrooms due to its visual and auditory hallucinations effects upon ingestion. It is a Schedule I drug per DEA, and the FDA has not approved psilocybin for medicinal purposes. However, recent studies have shown promising therapeutic use to treat depression.

To identify current use, prevalence, and its association with depression in adolescents.

The National Survey on Drug Use and Health survey data from 2008-18 studied adolescent data (12-17 years), who responded, “ever used psilocybin (mushrooms)” and “lifetime major depressive episode (MDE).” The association between the psilocybin use and MDE status was analyzed in SAS 9.4 through multivariate logistic regression for odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).

A total of 172745 adolescents were included in this study, of which 2469 ever used psilocybin in their lifetime, and 170276 responded no lifetime use. The psilocybin ever lifetime users were 17 years old (42%vs.17%,p<0.001), male (60%vs.51%,p<0.001), and non-Hispanic White (71%vs.55%,p<0.001) in comparison to non-users. Among psilocybin user group, 31% of respondents had lifetime MDE, compared to 16% of the lifetime psilocybin non-user group participants (p<0.001). The odds of association of psilocybin use among participants with MDE were 2.17 times compared to those without MDE (CI: 1.93-2.44,p<0.001).

We identified a significant association between psilocybin use and MDE among adolescents, which raises public health concerns about its illegal use, abuse, and toxicity potential. Future clinical studies should assess its clinical safety, efficacy, and addictive properties.

No significant relationships.

This method rests on a 50 year long tradition of Psychophysiological experiments at the Dept of Psychiatry in Lund, Sweden. Our branch has focused on Psychoacoustics since 1983, and found significant aberrant functioning of auditory perceptual mechanisms in schizophrenia. Some of these are possible to assess by ABR (auditory brain-stem responses). The assessments may be used to support the diagnostic decision process by demonstrating a biological dysfunction typical for the disease.

ABR measurements of twenty-three paranoid schizophrenics and matched controls for age and sex were compared. Eleven patented complex auditory stimuli, which schizophrenics earlier have been shown to perceive incorrectly, were presented. The ABR-measuring technique has been specifically adapted for the purpose.

When subjects were presented with a standard complex stimulus and a high-pass filtered one, schizophrenics showed statistically significant aberrances for wave V of the latter in the ABR, corresponding to the activity of colliculus inferior of the brain-stem. Furthermore, there was a significant change of activity regarding the two sides of the brain-stem, indicating a change of perceptual (grouping) activity in them.

This finding is just one example within the SchizoDetect method, aimed at helping medical personnel to ascertain the diagnosis of schizophrenia. It shows that different complex sound stimuli are treated in specific ways by schizophrenic patients. Together with the results from the ten remaining stimuli and further details of the ABR-curves, a diagnostic validity well over 90% has been achieved up till now.

Although much has been written about the health status of adolescents, little is known about adolescents’ perception of their own educational health needs. The purpose of this article is to describe the educational health needs of female adolescents to plan support services.

This qualitative study was conducted in Mazandaran province, a province in the north of Iran. 67 female adolescents between 12–19 years of age participated in 8 focus group discussion. Inaddittion, semi structured interviews were done with 11 key informants including:5 parents,3 teachers and school counselors,2 obstetricians and one midwife. Participants were selected based on purposeful sampling and with maximum variety. All tape-recorded data was fully transcribed and thematic analysis was done.

Findngs of this research around the adolescents’ health-information needs emphasized on 5 overarching themes including necessary for education, need for appropriate content, need for suitable methods, need for suitable sources and appropriate age for education.

The results show that promotion of female adolescents’ knowledges about reproductive health and life skills is one of the most important health needs of them. Education of this issues via parents, schools and health care providers could promote the health status of adolescents.

The purpose of this exploratory study is to examine the role of sociodemographic, clinical, and cognitive – both objective and subjective – factors in overall and in specific domains of psychosocial functioning, in patients with depression at different clinical states of the disease (remitted and non-remitted).

A sample of 325 patients with major depressive disorder, 117 in remission and 208 in non-remission, were assessed with a semi-structured interview collecting sociodemographic, clinical, cognitive (with neuropsychological tests and the Perceived Deficit Questionnaire), and functional (Functioning Assessment Short Test) characteristics. Backward regression models were conducted to determine associations of global and specific areas of functioning with independent factors, for both clinical states.

Residual depressive symptomatology and self-appraisal of executive competence were significantly associated with psychosocial functioning in remitted patients, in overall and some subdomains of functioning, particularly cognitive and interpersonal areas. While depressive symptoms, executive deficits and self-appraisal of executive function were significantly related to functional outcomes in non-remitted patients, both in overall functioning and in most of subdomains.

This study evidences the strong association of one’s appraisal of executive competence with psychosocial functioning, together with depressive symptoms, both in remitted and non-remitted patients with depression. Therefore, to achieve full recovery, clinical management of patients should tackle not only the relief of core depressive symptoms, but also the cognitive ones, both those that are objectified with neuropsychological tests and those that are reported by the patients themselves.

The diagnoses of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are based on a phenotype, characterized by impaired social interaction and communication and by repetitive and restricted interests. However, this might not represent a single clinical entity, but a behavioral manifestation of different neurodevelopmental deficits with a multifactorial etiology. Small studies have shown elevated levels of oxidative stress and lower levels of anti-oxidants in patients with ASD, and correlations with the severity of ASD. Therapies targeting oxidative stress have shown improvements regarding behavior, social interaction and verbal communication in patients with ASD, supporting the oxidative stress theory.

To evaluate the importance of oxidative stress in the neurobiology of adults with ASD.

There is a need to understand the neurobiology of ASD, therefore this study analyzes the level of oxidative stress in a larger cohort of patients with ASD and compares to controls.

The study includes 350 patients over 18 years of age diagnosed with ICD-10 diagnoses F84.0, F84.1, F84.5 or F84.8 and compared to gender and age matched neurotypical controls. The included probands will have their serum and plasma analyzed for levels of oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase 1 and 2, catalase, glutathioneperoxidase, malonialdehyde, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and xanthinoxidase).

The preliminary results will be presented at the EPA in March 2016 in Madrid.

With this study we aim to elucidate some of the neurobiology in ASD. This could lead to new potential targets for treatment and prevention of the disorders.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The devastating effects of the current pandemic are profoundly affecting peoples’s physical and psychological health. Numerous studies on the effects of previous infectious outbreaks have been published. Similarly, an increasingly growing body of research on COVID-19 has been developed and released, reporting a substancial psychological impact of both the outbreak and the response, suggesting that the population may express high levels of psychological symptoms.

This presentation aims to synthesize existent literature that reports on the effects of COVID-19 on psychological outcomes of the general population, groups with higher vulnerability and its associated risk factors.

Bibliographic research was made through scientific databases such as PubMed and EMBASE. No time limit was used. Pertinent articles were carefully reviewed for additional relevant citations.

Generally, there is a higher prevalence of symptoms of adverse psychiatric outcomes among the public when compared to the prevalence before the pandemic. Psychological reactions to pandemics include maladaptive behaviours, emotional distress and symptoms of stress, anxiety, depression, and avoidance behaviors. The groups known to be at higher risk for mental health problems during the pandemic are: women, healthcare workers, people under 40 years old and with chronic diseases. Other risk factors are: frequent exposure to social media/news relating to COVID-19, poor economic status, lower education level, and unemployment.

The COVID-19 pandemic represents an unprecedented threat to mental health. In addition to flattening the curve of viral transmission, special attention needs to be paid to the challenges it poses to the mental health of the population at a global scale.

At resent 3desaides management of chronic mental disorders at psychiatric health association tobe high attention.

Determining effect of psychodrama on depression among women with chronic mental disorder.

This study was a quasi-experimental study that done in RAZI comprehensive psychiatric center. Community of this research consists of chronic mental patients bedridden at RAZI comprehensive psychiatric center that among them 30 women with chronic mental disease possess entrains criterions selected and with randomized permuted blokes’ allocation to two control and intervention groups. Then them depression examined with beck depression inventory (BDI). Then 12sessions hours long of psychodrama, 2ice per week, 6 weeks for intervention group enactment but control group received routine treatments. When the program ended depression of ills reexamined whit study instrument and analyzed with independent T test, paired T test kolmogroph smernophand Leven and covariance analyzes tests.

Main of depression before and after intervention at control group was not significant but at Intervention group was significant (P = 0.000).

At two groups after Intervention depression differences revolve significant (P = 0.000).

Comparison between main of depression after psychodrama even after modification of age and before intervention depression effect by covariance analyzes at two groups showed significant deferens.

Psychodrama leads to decrease of depression at intervention group.