Numerous studies have revealed the association between deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and brain inflammation due to immune system response to congenital or perinatal human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection.

The aim of study was to examine the impact of neuroinflammation caused by CMV infection on the development of ADHD in prematurely born children.

The medical records of 126 prematurely born children aged 7-11 were retrospectively analyzed. Participants were divided into two groups, the observed population of 56 children with ADHD and the control group without ADHD. Three parameters were observed, C-reactive protein (CRP) as an indicator of inflammation, IgM antibodies to CMV for etiological diagnosis of CMV infection and cranial ultrasound findings for the confirmation of structural changes in the brain.

Statistical analysis of our data showed the association between the onset of ADHD and the presence of congenital/perinatal CMV infection in prematurely born children (p<0.01). Nevertheless, these two variables had a very low positive correlation (phi coefficient 0.07173). The results did not show the association between elevated levels of CRP and presence of ADHD in prematurely born children (p>0.01), which confirmed that not every inflammation, regardless of the cause, was associated with ADHD. The analysis also confirmed the positive correlation between the variables listed in pairs: elevated levels of CRP and positive IgM on CMV, elevated levels of CRP and altered ultrasound neuroimaging findings, as well as positive IgM on CMV and altered ultrasound neuroimaging findings. All of these correlations speak in favor of the CMV caused neuroinflammation as etiopathogenetic basis in ADHD.

In our sample CMV-induced neuroinflammation was associated with the development of ADHD in prematurely born children.

None Declared

Transgender and Gender Non-Conforming (TGNC) individuals are at increased risk of diagnosis with mental disorders, including suicidality and suicidal gestures (Anderson & Ford. Nursing Inquiry 2022; 29). Patients’ psychological distress may be secondary to gender dysphoria; however, the evidence may be unclear.

The goal of this review was to compile current evidence to assess a relationship between gender dysphoria and suicidal ideation, suicidal attempt, and self-harming behavior.

A literature review on PubMed databases was conducted using the search terms “transgender,” “gender non-conforming “suicidality,” “self-harm,” “suicidal gestures,” “child,” “adolescent,” and “youth” in various permutations to assess recent evidence on suicidality and suicidal gestures among TGNC children and adolescents. We also reviewed relationships between gender-dysphoria, social support as a protective factor, and suicidality and/or suicidal gestures among TGNC youths.

A study conducted across 19 states in the United States and large urban school districts found that within the last year, 43.9% of transgender students reported they have seriously considered attempting suicide compared to 20.3% in cis-females and 11.0% cis-males, 39.3% of transgender students reported having a suicide plan compared to <16.0% of cisgender students, and 16.5% of transgender students reported having a suicide attempt requiring medical treatment compared to <2.5% of cisgender students (Garthe et al. Transgend Health 2022; 7 416-422). Another study conducted across three different US cities found higher levels of suicidal ideation and behavior among TGNC youths, compared to their cisgender counterparts (Johns et al. MMWR 2019; 68, 67–71). Also, chosen name use was associated with less suicidal ideation, behavior, and depressive symptoms (Russel et al, J Adolesc Health 2018; 63 503–505). Additionally, a surveillance analysis concluded that TGNC youths reported experiencing higher levels of emotional distress, bullying victimization, risk behaviors (substance use and sexual behavior), and lower levels of protective factors such as internal assets, family connectedness, and feeling safe in their community (Eisenberg et al. J Adolesc Health 2017;61 521–526)

Further research needs to be conducted regarding the relationship between gender dysphoria and suicidality, and the presence of suicidal gestures. However, the current data suggests decreased depressive symptoms, as well as suicidal ideation and behavior associated with increased chosen name usage.

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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) varies in presentation and associated comorbidity conditions. Diagnosis and treatment is often challenging, highlighting the need for individualized approaches in managing ADHD. Optimal therapy includes a combination of different methods such as psychological interventions and pharmacotherapy. Pharmacogenetics allows for a more personalized and effective treatment plan, which can reduce empirical prescribing of medication, meaning less side effects, faster treatment response and achieving remission. Altogether, this leads to improved compliance and outcomes.

In our opinion this is an interesting case study which explores the challenging presentation, medical management, and treatment of a patient with ADHD and its comorbidity.

We present a male subject, age 14, who met DSM- V criteria for ADHD at the age of 8. The treatment effects of conventional approaches with psychosocial interventions and individual psychotherapy as well as child and parental psychoeducation had not proven sufficient, so pharmacotherapy was added to the treatment strategy. He was initially introduced to methylphenidate therapy and developed side effects in the form of depressive symptoms and motor tics. Regression of side effects occurred when the drug was discontinued. Impulsive and aggressive behaviors became severe so antipsychotics were prescribed, which resulted in improvement of behaviour. Attention and concentration disturbances remained, however. During this period, the subject experienced a growth spurt, gained in body weight and his laboratory findings showed high liver enzymes. We conducted a multidisciplinary approach that included a complete examination by a geneticist, an endocrinologist, and a cardiologist. EEG and psychological testing were performed. Due to a lack of progress in socio-emotional functioning, genotyping analyses of CYP2D6, CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, ABCB1, ABCG2, 5-HTTLPR, DAT1 VNTR was performed.

The pharmacogenetic findings suggested a higher activity of the CYP2D6 enzyme than normal. Significantly reduced and weak transport function of protein ABCB1 was observed. Atomoxetine is not a substrate for ABCB1, so the introduction of atomoxetine is planned after the stabilization of liver enzymes.

Various treatment strategies can help ameliorate ADHD symptoms. Finding an effective medication and dosage for a given child with ADHD can be a complex process. Although pharmacogenetic testing is not a standard procedure in child and adolescent psychiatry, it can have an impact on the management of treatment-resistant symptoms and medication-related side effects. The potential for pharmacogenetics to enhance treatment precision remains a promising area for future research in psychiatry.

None Declared

Emotional dysregulation is an unhealthy emotional response to stimuli and a common reason for adolescent hospitalization. Linked to disorders like depression, borderline personality disorder, childhood trauma, and eating disorders, understanding its underlying causes may improve outcomes and prevent relapse.

The aim of this study is to characterize emotional dysregulation among adolescent impatient.

Our study involves inpatients (16-24 years) hospitalized at our Transitional Psychiatric ward in Ancona (Università Politecnica delle Marche, Italy). The used rating scale were: Temperament Evaluation in Memphis, Pisa and San Diego (TEMPS-M), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11), Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS-20), Aggression Questionnaire (AQ). Descriptive analysis, simple and multivariate linear regression analysis were conducted.

97 adolescent patients were admitted from February 2022 to March 2023. The mean age of the sample is 17.3±1.9. The mean score to the BPRS is 43.9±10.3. The 70.7% (n=70) of the sample are females and the 79.8% (n=79) lives with their parents. Disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders are the prevalent disorders in the sample (32.3%, n=32). The 21.1% (n=21) was diagnosed with depression, the 13.2% (n=13) with bipolar disorder and the 9.1% (n=9) with psychosis. According to the DERS, patients with emotional dysregulation are the 82,2% (n=37) of the sample. The 25.3% (n=24) of the sample could be classified as alexithymic. The most represented temperaments in the sample are the dysthymic 24.4% (n=11) and cyclothymic 22.2% (n=10). The mean score of the DERS is 122.33±29.5, the mean score of the TAS-20 is 58.9±166 and the mean score of the AQ is 78.7±30.1, the mean score of the BIS-11 is 65.2±19.1. A simple linear regression between DERS and AQ (R=0.536, R2=0.287, F(1)=15.284, p<0.001), TAS-20 (R=0.502, R2=0.252, F(1)=12.819, p=0.001) and BIS-11 (R=0.534, R2=0.285, F(1)=15.128, p<0.001) was observed. A multivariate linear regression was observed between the DERS (R=0.917, R2=0.842, F(1)=25.708, p<0.001) and the subscale about physical aggressivity of the AQ (β=2.065, p=0.008), the dysthymic subscale of the TEMPS (β=1.87, p<0.001), the hostility subscale of the AQ (β=-3.321, p<0.001), the subscale about difficulty identifying feelings of the TAS-20 (β=1.598, p=0.001), the total score of the AQ (β=0.5, p=0.006) and the subscale about cognitive impulsivity of the BIS-11 (β=1.024, p=0.047).

The results suggest a link between emotional dysregulation, impulsivity, aggression, and alexithymia. Notably, emotional dysregulation appears in those with a dysthymic temperament, marked by high aggression, difficulty identifying feelings, cognitive impulsivity and low hostility. Further research is needed to explore these findings and develop treatment strategies.

None Declared

Social media has evolved into a primary arena for mental health discussions, with particular relevance to youth who engage extensively in online spaces. This study seeks to investigate how distinct language choices—specifically the terms “anxious” and “nervous”—influence the tone, themes, and context of discussions around anxiety.

By examining the frequency and context of these terms in social media posts, this study aims to shed light on how language affects the portrayal of anxiety and, potentially, the associated experiences. We hypothesize that understanding these differences can provide valuable insights into public perceptions especially with younger audiences.

We conducted a targeted search of X (formerly Twitter), focusing on posts that included either the term “anxious” or “nervous,” filtered for English-language content to ensure relevance to a broader audience. The top 100 tweets containing each term were then subjected to a sentiment analysis to assess the emotional tone of the content. Additionally, a word cloud generator was used to identify the most frequently associated terms, with connecting words excluded to maintain clarity in theme identification.

Posts containing the term “anxious” often reflected intense personal distress, introspection, and struggles with internal emotions. The most commonly associated terms included “feel” (mentioned 19 times), “god” (16), “like” (15), “can” (14), “don’t” (14), and “stressed” (8), each of which underscored the personal and often existential nature of these expressions. The frequent presence of terms such as “always,” “day,” “got,” “walk,” “hate,” and “sad” further emphasized the internalized and enduring aspects of anxiety, suggesting more persistent or generalized anxiety concerns.

On the other hand, posts containing the term “nervous” were more likely to relate to situational anxiety, external circumstances, or performance-based fears. The most frequently appearing words alongside “nervous” included “system” (15 mentions), “can” (13), “just” (9), “like” (8), and “people” (7), indicating that these posts often referenced responses to specific events or temporary stressors. Notably, terms like “first,” “lot,” “making,” “now,” and “video” suggest that individuals using “nervous” may be describing anxiety linked to immediate, often identifiable stressors, as opposed to the more generalized or chronic anxiety depicted in “anxious” posts.

This study underscores the significance of linguistic nuances in mental health conversations on social media and highlights how the choice of words—such as “anxious” versus “nervous”—can shift both the perceived and intended meaning of these discussions. By understanding these subtle differences, mental health professionals, educators, and content creators can develop resources and messaging that are more attuned to the experiences and language of youth.

None Declared

An estimated 10% of children in the United States carry a diagnosis of ADHD (Li et al. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6). Parents, caregivers, and children themselves utilize search engines to better understand their diagnosis and treatment options as well as discover other resources such as finding providers or support groups. Furthermore, evaluating search trends may elucidate individual and societal barriers towards accessing treatment. (Zhao et al. Adm Policy Ment Health 2022; 49 357–373)

This study examines Google search trends for the term “ADHD” from 2019 to 2023 to shed light on public interest and awareness patterns.

A Google Trends search was performed for the term “ADHD” in the global search database from 2019 to 2023. Weekly absolute search volumes were exported for each year. A one-way ANOVA calculation including Tukey HSD was conducted using Social Science Statistics’ calculator, which was cross referenced with AAT Bioquest’s calculator.

The ANOVA analysis revealed significant differences in the number of searches across the five different years. The f-ratio value is 689.19733. The p-value is < .00001. Post hoc comparisons using the Tukey HSD test indicated that search results differed significantly from among all years except between the years 2019 and 2020. The average number of searches steadily increased from M2019 = 278201.4839, SD2019=38184.594 and M2023 = 642020.8824, SD2023 =33099.9021. There is a relatively steady level of interest in the search term throughout the year with slight fluctuations. Seasonal trends were examined, showing an increased number of searches in February, October, and June, and decreased searches in December.

Both the overall and temporal trends described in this study have important clinical ramifications. The general increase in search trend frequency suggests increased awareness not due to a significant change in prevalence. The seasonal trends noted above suggest that the increased search frequency is related to school-related activities, particularly year-end exams in June, while the decrease in December may reflect the shift in focus from academics during the holiday break. This study highlights the importance of having evidence-based resources be accessible and understandable to the general public

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Conduct problems (CP) in adolescents are associated not only with long-term personality and social development challenges, but also impose significant burdens on families, schools, and communities.

While numerous risk factors for CP have been identified in prior research, a comprehensive understanding of the underlying deficit mechanisms remains incomplete.

Utilizing data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study (N = 11,875), the largest longitudinal investigation of brain development and child health in the United States, we conducted a systematic analysis of the neural, cognitive, and environmental features linked to CP. The findings were further tested for generalizability across diverse cross-cultural datasets.

Our results propose a novel framework that accounts for cognitive deficits associated with CP, while also highlighting the interactions between biological and environmental factors in the development and potential remission of CP in adolescents.

These insights provide valuable directions for future research and intervention strategies targeting adolescent conduct problems.

None Declared

Oxidative stress, particularly through disruptions in glutathione metabolism and Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), has been implicated in cortical thinning and other brain structural changes seen in psychosis. These changes may be more pronounced in the early psychosis spectrum, but this relationship remains underexplored.

This study investigated the relationships between key oxidative stress markers—reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), the GSH/GSSG ratio, and TAC—and cortical thickness in the cingulate, insula, and fronto-temporal brain regions.

A total of 57 youths on the early psychosis spectrum and 44 healthy controls participated, with a mean age of 15.51 years. There were no significant differences in age or sex between the groups. Cortical thickness was measured using MRI, and blood samples were analyzed for oxidative stress markers. Partial correlations were performed, controlling for total intracranial volume, age, and sex, to examine the relationships between oxidative stress markers and cortical thickness. A permutation analysis was then conducted to assess group differences in these associations.

In healthy individuals, a higher GSH/GSSG ratio was significantly associated with increased cortical thickness in the right insula (r = 0.50, p < 0.05). Conversely, in the early psychosis spectrum group, there was a consistent trend of negative correlations between TAC and cortical thickness, particularly in the left frontal cortex. Permutation analysis revealed significant group differences in the association between GSH and cortical thickness in both the left insula and left temporal regions (p < 0.05). Additionally, TAC showed significant differences in its relationship with cortical thickness in the left and right frontal regions (p = 0.01 and p < 0.05), indicating asymmetrical oxidative stress involvement across hemispheres in the early psychosis spectrum group compared to healthy controls.

These findings suggest that oxidative stress markers, particularly related to glutathione metabolism and TAC, are linked to regional cortical thickness variations. The results highlight distinct oxidative stress effects in the early psychosis spectrum compared to healthy individuals, emphasizing the potential role of oxidative stress markers as early indicators of neuroanatomical changes in psychosis.

R. Moreno-Comellas: None Declared, M. Ortuño: None Declared, I. Martínez: None Declared, F. Fesce: None Declared, E. de la Serna: None Declared, J. Castro-Fornieles: None Declared, I. Baeza: None Declared, G. Sugranyes Grant / Research support from: This study has been funded by the Spanish Ministry of Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III «Health Research Fund»/ FEDER funds (PI2100330, FORT23/00002_SUGR_G6) and La Marató TV3 (grant number 202232-30-31).

A 13 years old girl, who has always been an A* student, was brought to our Emergency Room, referred by her Psiquiatrist, to be hospitalized in our Unit.

During the first interview in the ER, the patient reported that she refused to eat food that had empty calories, which were essentially everything except water, and even water at times was an issue. She had a IMC of 16,57 kg/m2.

The objetive of this case is to try and explain how serious of a disorder anorexia nervosa can be, at times severe enough to distort completely the patients reality.

The following patient will be presented, doing a thorough systematic bibliography review.

The patient remains admitted to our unit. After more than one month and a half, since first being admitted, the patient has both verbalized wanting to end her life before gaining weight, as well as improved her disorder awareness.

At first, she was bluntly negative to eat any food, to a point to such extent, that feeding via nasogastric tube was necessary.

After daily interviews, along with many consultations, both with clinical psychology and psychiatry, using both cognitive behavioral psychotherapy and psychotrpic drugs; we achieved a slight improvement by eating half plates of both first and second plate, as well as dessert of a 1300-1500kcal diet.

Nonetheless, the patient still manifest up to this day, her willingness of not to eat and to end her life if its necessary to avoid eating.

Given the severity of the eating disorder suffered by the patient, social work was notified of the refferral to a long-term center specialized in eating disorders. The patient verbalized not wanting to got there, but recognized her disorder was getting more severe and the need for a long-term Unit.

None Declared

This case series examines five adolescents with both gender dysphoria and pervasive developmental conditions, highlighting the social, familial, and psychological challenges involved. The cases reveal how these conditions intersect, shaping identity, social interactions, and family dynamics. Findings suggest a trend toward isolation and virtual spaces for acceptance, with limited family support often exacerbating isolation. Integrated therapeutic approaches addressing both gender dysphoria and developmental conditions are recommended to improve mental health and self-acceptance.

To explore the diversity of gender dysphoria manifestations within pervasive developmental disorders.

We analysed five cases of adolescents from Professor Doctor Alexandru Obregia Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry in Bucharest, each diagnosed with both gender dysphoria and a pervasive developmental disorder. Each case highlights unique psychological and social factors influencing the adolescents’ identities and interactions. Patients were monitored over an average period of one year to observe developments and responses to therapeutic interventions.

The cases illustrate diverse expressions of gender dysphoria among adolescents with pervasive developmental disorders:

Case 1: 12-year-old with Asperger’s syndrome and gender dysphoria, with interests and social withdrawal shaped by online interactions, further isolating her.

Case 2: 15-year-old with severe depression and Asperger’s syndrome, marked by social withdrawal, a strong attachment to solitary pursuits, and an identity struggle.

Case 3: 16-year-old with significant gender dysphoria and past suicide attempts, feeling alienated with a strong focus on transitioning.

Case 4: 17-year-old facing gender dysphoria complicated by family resistance, social anxiety, and unresolved grief, destabilizing family acceptance.

Case 5: 15-year-old with major depression, social anxiety, and emergent gender dysphoria, poor medication response, and preference for solitude, indicating an uncertain prognosis.

This study explores whether pervasive developmental disorders and gender dysphoria coexist by chance, influence each other, or share a common cause. It examines whether atypical gender identity might lie dormant and what may trigger its expression. These cases highlight the complexity of treating gender dysphoria in adolescents with developmental disorders, suggesting that tailored support and therapy can improve psychosocial outcomes and self-acceptance.

None Declared

Drug-induced movement disorders are a rare side effect of which some cases have been reported and published. It may be due to antidepressants, antipsychotics or other drugs. In these cases it is important to realize differential diagnosis, identify the medication that may have caused it and implement appropriate management to solve it.

To present the case of a 16-year-old adolescent diagnosed with major depressive disorder with movement disorders after treatment with escitalopram.

A literature review was conducted on movement disorders and treatment with antidepressants in child-adolescent population.

Our case is about a 16-year-old adolescent who is living with his family and he is studying at the high school. The patient has no personal psychiatric history and in his family only his father has an adaptive disorder treatment. The first time he comes to consultation, he said that in the last few weeks he has anxiety attacks in different environments and an increase in basal anxiety. He has been in a low mood for about two years with apathy, which has increased in recent weeks. He is diagnosed of major depressive disorder and we decided to continue with escitalopram 10 mg and chlorazepate dipotassium prescribed a week ago by his family doctor. After one month, he goes to the second consultation with difficulty in walking, stiffness and instability that is related to the introduction of treatment. In addition, he comments on mild improvement of anxiety and mood. Due to the timing of the onset of movement disorder and the onset of escitalopram, it is decided to suspend it. Chlorazepam dipotassium is maintained and short-term for evaluation of evolution. In the following consultation, no movement disorder symptoms are seen and the onset of another antidepressant with a different course of action is assessed.

Drug-induced movement disorders as in the case described are a rare side effect of which some cases have been reported and published. Different studies reveal the different behavior of antidepressants in the adult and child-adolescent population. In a meta-analysis on antidepressants and depression in the child-and-youth population (1), the results indicated that sertraline, escitalopram, duloxetine and fluoxetine could be considered as the first option although cases with associated extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) were reported. According to a study on the association of antipsychotics, antidepressants with movement disorders in children and adolescents (2), the risk-benefit profile of antipsychotic use should be considered as an adjuvant to reduce EPS. In addition, in a post-marketing study (3), a potentially harmful association was found between movement disorders and the use of antidepressants mirtazapine, vortioxetine, fluvoxamine, citalopram, paroxetine, duloxetine, escitalopram, fluoxetine, sertraline, venlafaxine, among others.

None Declared

The area of Sensory Integration has its origin in the 1960s, developed by the neuroscientist and occupational therapist Jean Ayres. Although the first studies focused on the relationship between learning problems and atypical sensory processing, today there are new applications in clinical practice. Sensory integration is defined as the neurological process responsible for organizing the sensations that one receives from one’s own body and from the environment, in order to respond and function adequately in relation to environmental demands.

This work has several objectives. On the one hand, review the concept of sensory integration, the definition and theoretical basis as well as the scientific evidence of this theory. On the other hand, review the use of sensory integration in psychiatric practice from the 1960s to the present day. Also, explain the experience of a child and adolescent psychiatry unit with the use of sensory integration as part of the treatment. Finally, new challenges, approaches and needs of psychiatry services will be considered for the implementation or improvement of this new work tool in a multidisciplinary team.

A bibliographic search has been carried out in the main sources of medical information such as pubmed, uptodate as well as in national and international journals. Likewise, the knowledge and clinical experience of the team has been reviewed.

In our clinical experience, the child and adolescent psychiatry device for intensive outpatient treatment where patients between 12 and 17 years of age with severe mental disorders attend, initially passed the sensory profile by occupational therapy to patients who presented behavioral or emotional symptoms. not consistent with the psychopathological examination. In view of the results and magnificent progress, this intervention began to be carried out systematically to the boys who joined the device. We present the case of a 15-year-old patient who attended the device due to emotional dysregulation and suicidal risk. During evolution, possible difficulties were seen in sensory integration that made it difficult for the patient to improve with psychiatric or psychological therapy alone. The patient was evaluated and treated by the team’s occupational therapist, specifically trained in sensory integration. It was evaluated with the sensory profile, with the results having a sensory sensitivity profile and auditory and tactile avoidance. The specific measures that were carried out were: sensory diet and environmental modifications.

Sensory integration is a therapy with sufficient clinical evidence to implement it in child and adolescent psychiatry services. Therapy should be performed by suitably trained and validated occupational therapists. This therapy must be included in a multidisciplinary approach to the patient and specific modifications that can be developed at home and at school are provided.

None Declared

Body dysmorphic disorder is a diagnostic entity within the somatoform disorders of the obsessive-compulsive spectrum according to the DSM-V. Its prevalence is between 0.7% and 2.5%, being more frequent in men and usually beginning in adolescence or early adulthood. Its central symptom is cognitive distortions regarding appearance, with concern about imaginary physical defects, slight or even invisible to others and in some cases close to a delusional condition.

To delve deeper into the clinical aspects and nosological conditions through the description of a clinical case.

This is a 16-year-old patient who was admitted three times to the Acute Psychiatric Unit of the Puerta de Hierro Hospital due to behavioral disorders in the context of dysmorphophobia with intense concern about the shape of his nose. The patient gradually abandoned his daily routines, stopped attending classes at school and isolated himself from his social circle.

He is the youngest of two sisters. He lives with his parents and sister. He had good academic results until the time of diagnosis.

The patient’s concern about his nose began at about age 15, coinciding with the diagnosis of leukemia of his mother, who was undergoing chemotherapy treatment. The patient reports that the symptoms have increased until causing significant functional limitation.

He says that his nose is very large and he doesn’t allow anyone to see it. He leaves the house wearing a mask, performs rituals of checking it for hours in front of the mirror and has even manipulated his nose with objects to try to deform it. He appears to have a delusional component with significant emotional and behavioural repercussions.

Several pharmacological treatments were started, including SSRIs (sertraline) and various antipsychotics (risperidone, pimozide and olanzapine), with little response in all cases. Psychotherapeutic treatment was carried out in a day hospital for adolescents, but this was also unsuccessful. Finally, he was involuntarily transferred to a Medium Stay Unit given the significant impact of the symptoms on his life, showing progressive improvement after several months of treatment.

The nosology of TDC has evolved: the DSM IV specified a delusional variant within the psychotic spectrum and a non-delusional one within the somatoform spectrum. The DSM V integrates it within the obsessive-compulsive spectrum. In order to assess a correct treatment, a continuum could be established between TDC and eating disorders. Both present similar symptoms: dissatisfaction and distortion with body image, need for continuous checking and concern about imperfections in perceived appearance. Given the chronicity of TDC and the tendency to abandon treatment in the first months, long-term follow-up by a multidisciplinary team is necessary, as well as psychoeducation and the establishment of a solid therapeutic alliance.

None Declared

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties in social communication and interaction, as well as restrictive and repetitive stereotyped behaviors, with considerable variation in cognitive and adaptive functioning. Accordingly, behavioral symptoms observed in daily life are likely to vary across individuals.

The present study aimed to explore the heterogeneity in intellectual abilities and behavioral issues among individuals with ASD using Latent Profile Analysis (LPA). This study was conducted between 2020 and 2021, with approval from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of SNUH.

A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 66 children (ages 6-18) diagnosed with ASD. The following psychometric instruments were used: Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2 (ADOS-2), Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition (WISC-IV), Child Behavior Checklist 6-18 (CBCL 6-18), Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS).

As the 3-profile solution returned a significant BLRT value and model entropy was estimated to be 0.93, the LPA of the WISC-IV indices and ADOS-2 comparison scores revealed three profiles that were clinically meaningful and balanced in group sizes: Profile 1 (“Higher ASD score with intellectual disability”; ADOS = 6.25, VCI = 55.16, PRI = 52.34, WMI = 53.47, PSI = 50.31), Profile 2 (“Higher ASD score with borderline intelligence”; ADOS = 5.76, VCI = 78.59, PRI = 80.65, WMI = 80.82, PSI = 67.12), and Profile 3 (“Lower ASD score with above-average intelligence”; ADOS = 4.41, VCI = 105.53, PRI = 108.41, WMI = 106.35, PSI = 89.41). On the SRS subscales, Profile 3 showed significantly lower scores in Social Cognition, Social Communication, and Social Motivation compared to Profile 1 (F(2, 63) = 10.45, p <.001; F(2, 63) = 5.24, p < .01; F(2, 63) = 8.75, p < .001). Additionally, on the CBCL syndrome subscales, Profile 3 showed significantly lower problem behaviors in Withdrawal/Depression, Social Immaturity, and Attention Problems (F(2, 63) = 4.57, p <.05; F(2, 63) = 5.07, p < .01; F(2, 63) = 4.19, p < .01).

In the present study, Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) using IQ and ADOS scores identified three distinct profiles within children with ASD. The findings suggest that while high-functioning ASD has traditionally been defined by an IQ threshold of 70–75, further distinction between borderline and above-average intelligence ASD groups may be warranted. Furthermore, targeted interventions addressing negative emotions, such as depression, may be indicated for the ASD group with intellectual disability.

Y. K. Lim Financial Support for Research from:, Financial Support for Research from: This research was supported by the National Research Foundation (NRF) funded by the Korean Government (MSIT) (RS-2024-00397737), and co-funded by the National IT Industry Promotion Agency(NIPA), an agency under the MSIT and with the support of the Daegu Digital Innovation Promotion Agency (DIP), the organization under the Daegu Metropolitan Government., E. Chung: None Declared, B. N. Kim: None Declared

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show notable intellectual impairment compared to other neurodevelopmental disorders, as seen in intelligence and neuropsychological tests, including attention assessments. Given the strong link between intellectual and neuropsychological performance, it is essential to determine if low neuropsychological scores stem from general intellectual limitations or specific domain vulnerabilities.

To assess specific neuropsychological vulnerabilities in ASD, we will administer intelligence and neuropsychological tests to both ASD and Tic disorder groups, examining group differences after controlling for FIQ. Within the ASD group, we will further analyze performance variations by symptom severity and explore links between test results and specific ASD symptoms.

We recruited children aged 5-16 with no comorbidities into Tic (n=75) and ASD (n=97) groups, administering the Wechsler Intelligence Scale and neuropsychological tests (ATA, CCTT, WCST, Stroop). Using SPSS 29, we performed an ANCOVA with FIQ as a covariate to examine group differences. In the ASD group, ADOS-2 scores further distinguished autism spectrum and autism groups, and correlations were analyzed between neuropsychological scores and ADOS-2 Social, RRB, and Total scores.

The ASD group had a significantly lower FIQ than the Tic group (t(66) = 2.54, p = .013) and showed poorer WCST performance with fewer correct responses and more errors, even after controlling for FIQ. In the ATA, the ASD group’s response time was significantly faster, with higher false alarms, indicating hasty judgments. The Stroop color-word task showed poorer ASD performance, while the CCTT interA_rate was higher in the Tic group. No significant differences were found between the autism spectrum and autism groups on neuropsychological tests, except intelligence. ATA scores correlated significantly with ADOS-2 social, RBB, and total scores, whereas WCST scores correlated only with RBB.

This study’s WCST, ATA, and Stroop test results indicate that the ASD group has deficits in cognitive flexibility and inhibitory control, independent of FIQ. The absence of significant differences between autism and spectrum groups suggests these traits are inherent to the autism spectrum, regardless of symptom severity. Unexpectedly, the CCTT interA_rate was high, likely due to a floor effect given the ASD group’s longer CCTT 1 completion time. ATA scores correlated with overall autism symptoms, while WCST scores correlated only with RBB, linking social interaction difficulties to attentional control and repetitive behaviors to cognitive rigidity and insistence on sameness.

S. Lee Conflict with: Financial Support for Research from: This research was supported by the National IT Industry Promotion Agency (NIPA), an agency under the MSIT and with the support of the Daegu Digital Innovation Promotion Agency (DIP), the organization under the Daegu Metropolitan Government, and co-funded by the National Research Foundation (NRF) funded by the Korean Government (MSIT) (RS-2024-00397737)., S. Y. Lee: None Declared, B.-N. Kim: None Declared

The growing prevalence and impact of digital device usage in everyday life have brought technological addiction to the forefront.Nomophobia and social media addiction are also increasingly significant types of technological addiction among adolescents.

The objective of our study is to identify nomophobia and social media addiction in a community sample of adolescents and to examine their associations with psychiatric symptoms, self-esteem and perceived parental attitudes.

500 adolescents between the ages of 13-18 were included in our study.The entire sample completed a sociodemographic data form, Nomophobia Questionnaire, Social Media Addiction Scale for Adolescents Short Form, Children’s Anxiety and Depression Scale Child Form, Conners-Wells Adolescent Self-Report Scale Short Form, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Parentıng Style Scale.

%56.6 of the sample had moderate or higher severity nomophobia and %31.4 had social media addiction.In both boys and girls, nomophobia and social media addiction were found to be positively correlated with attention deficit and ADHD index. In addition, in boys, nomophobia and social media addiction were found to be positively correlated with behavioral problems and hyperactivity. In girls, only social media addiction and behavioral problems were positively correlated. In both girls and boys, nomophobia and social media addiction were found to be positively correlated with RCADS subscales and self-esteem scale. In both girls and boys, nomophobia and social media addiction were found to be negatively correlated with acceptance-involvoment and psychological autonomy. In addition, a positive correlation was found between nomophobia and strictness-supervision subscale in girls. As a result of regression analysis: total anxiety was found to predict nomophobia in both girls and boys, total anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder were found to predict social media addiction in boys, ADHD index and major depression were found to predict social media addiction in girls. In the path analysis, it was found that behavioral problems and parental attention interacted with each other and predicted social media addiction; social media addiction predicted internalizing disorders both directly and indirectly through self-esteem.

The results of our study explain the relationship between nomophobia and social media addiction and psychiatric symptoms, self-esteem, and perceived parental attitudes. Considering that early detection and intervention of psychiatric disorders reduces the risk of addiction, our study is an important step towards raising awareness about technological addictions.

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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that presents challenges in achieving accurate and timely diagnosis.

This study investigates the effectiveness of using electroencephalogram (EEG) data combined with machine learning techniques to enhance the prediction accuracy for ADHD diagnosis.

A total of 168 subjects were evaluated using the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia Present and Lifetime Version Korean Version (K-SADS-PL-K), categorizing them into two groups: ADHD (n=107) and Neurotypical (NT, n=61). We analyzed quantitative EEG (qEEG) data across 19 channels, focusing on frequency ranges including delta (1–4 Hz), theta (4–8 Hz), alpha (8–12 Hz), beta (12–25 Hz), high beta (25–30 Hz), and gamma (30–80 Hz). To classify ADHD versus NT groups, the Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) classifier was utilized, with Leave-One-Subject-Out (LOSO) cross-validation employed to assess model performance.

To address the issue of limited data, we segmented each subject’s EEG data into 30-second intervals, resulting in 2434 segments for the ADHD group and 1060 segments for the NT group (figure 1). These segments were used to train the machine learning model. The XGBoost algorithm, combined with the LOSO cross-validation strategy, achieved a test accuracy of 90.81% and an F1 score of 0.9347, demonstrating robust performance in distinguishing between ADHD and NT subjects (figure 2). Feature importance analysis using SHAP values highlighted that EEG features from specific frequency bands, particularly the middle beta/theta ratio and relative gamma of O1 electrode sites, played a crucial role in the classification (figure 3).

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Our findings suggest that EEG-based machine learning models hold significant potential as non-invasive tools for assisting in the diagnosis of ADHD. Further research with larger datasets and additional validation is necessary to confirm these results and explore their clinical applicability.

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Adolescence, around the time of puberty, is the life stage most prone to the emergence of eating disorders, with bodily and psychological transformations at the center of the issue. The body serves as a key medium for expressing distress in adolescents.

To estimate the prevalence of eating disorders (ED) among adolescents and to determine associated factors to ED

This is a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study conducted between June 2024 and September 2024 among adolescents resident at Sfax, Tunisia. Data were collected via an online Google Forms questionnaire exploring sociodemographic and relational data. We used the “Eating Attitudes Test 40 (EAT-40)” to detect the presence of ED, with a score of ≥ 30 indicating the presence of an eating disorder.

We collected data from 120 adolescents, with an average age of 16 years and a predominance of females (69.2%). The majority of participants (84.6%) lived in urban areas, 80.8% were enrolled in secondary schools, and 33.3% of adolescent have reported relational difficulties with peers. 41,5% of Adolescents were living in particular family situations( death of one parent, parental separation, relational difficulties with parents).

In our study, 30% of adolescents have a psychiatric disorder. The average total score on the EAT-40 scale was 35.03, the prevalence of eating disorders was estimated at 47.5%. The factors correlated with ED included: female gender (p=0.012), relational difficulties with peers (p=0.002), the death of one parent (p=0.024), and personal psychiatric history (p=0.00).

This study reveals a significant prevalence of eating disorders among adolescents in Sfax, Tunisia. Gaining a deeper understanding of this condition and its underlying factors could greatly improve the care and support provided to these young individuals.Bas du formulaire

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Self-esteem is a significant indicator of health and well-being, as well as an explanatory variable for various aspects of human behavior. The relationship between self-perception, self-esteem, overall mental well-being, and eating disorders (ED) is considered particularly important, especially during adolescence.

to evaluate the relationsheep between eating disorders (ED) and self-esteem among adolescents and identify associated factors.

This was a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study conducted between June 2024 and September 2024 among adolescents resident in Sfax. Data were collected through an online Google Forms questionnaire exploring sociodemographic and relational data. We used the “Eating Attitudes Test 40 (EAT-40)” to detect the presence of ED, with a score of ≥ 30 indicating the presence of an eating disorder. Self-esteem was assessed using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale: A score below 25 indicates very low self-esteem. A score between 25 and 30 indicates low self-esteem. A score between 31 and 33 indicates average self-esteem. A score between 34 and 39 indicates high self-esteem. score above 39 indicates very high self-esteem.

We collected data from 120 adolescents, with an average age of 16 years and a predominance of females (71.7%). The majority of participants (79.3%) lived in urban areas, 69.2% had a medium socioeconomic status, and 80.8% were enrolled in secondary schools, 33.3% of adolescent have reported relational difficulties with peers,41,5% of Adolescents were living in particular family situations( death of one parent, parental separation, relational difficulties with parents). In our study, 30% of adolescents had personal psychiatric histories. The prevalence of eating disorders estimated at 47.5%. Among participants, 43.3% had very low self-esteem, 55.8% had low self-esteem, and 0.8% had average self-esteem. Our study objectified a signifiant correlation between eating disorders and low self-esteem (p=0.005).

The results of the study show a high prevalence of eating disorders among adolescents, associated with several factors, notably low self-esteem. This underscores the need to develop prevention strategies focused on improving self-esteem during adolescence. Developing effective interventions in this regard could be beneficial for addressing the behaviors and attitudes observed in eating disorders.

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Adolescence is a critical period of physical, cognitive and emotional development. Mental health among adolescents is a major public health issue. The number of teenagers requiring psychiatric care is constantly increasing and several studies have found high prevalences of psychiatric disorders in this group.

The aim of the study was to describe sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of adolescents hospitalized in an adult psychiatric department.

We carried out a retrospective descriptive study. It included adolescent patients, aged between 16 and 19 years, who were admitted to the department G of Razi Hospital (Tunisia), between May 2019 and May 2024 (the minimum age for hospitalization in adult psychiatric wards was 16). Data were collected from patients’ files.

Thirty-five adolescents were included. The mean age was 17.8 ± 0.8 years. A male predominance was noted with 65.7% of patients. We found that 57.1% of teenagers were using at least one psychoactive substance. Tobacco was the most used substance (54.3%), followed by cannabis (42.9%) and alcohol (40%). The most common motive for hospitalization was behavioral disturbances with 79.1% of patients. The most common psychiatric disorders were schizophrenia (32.6%) and schizophreniform disorder (18.6%). Antipsychotics were the most prescribed medication (58.13%) followed by benzodiazepines (30%).

Knowing the profile of adolescents hospitalized in psychiatry, their sociodemographic and clinical characteristics would enable us to better the care we offer to them.

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