Posttraumatic nightmares are one of the most frequent symptoms in posttraumatic stress disorder. Prevalence can be up to 96%. These nightmares evoke the experienced traumatic event, causing a negative impact. Besides, they are and independent risk for suicide. There are different pharmacological and non-pharmacological options for PTN, despite is no optimal treatment.

To analyse the different treatment options for PTN.

This was a narrative literature review.

The two main treatments for PTN nowadays are the Imagery Rehearsal Therapy (IRT) and prazosin. IRT is a cognitive-behavioral intervention, that helps the patient to change the content of the nightmare to a “happier ending”. Prazosin is an alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonist that blocks the stress response in the central nervous system receptors. Although it was a promising drug, significant differences compared to placebo have not been found. There is growing data that suggests nabilone, a synthetic cannabinoid, could be helpful in PTN treatment. A clinical trial made in Canada revealed that 72% of patients experienced a complete disappearance or at least an important reduction of PTN.

PTN is a very common and distressing symptom in patients presenting PTSD. Nevertheless, there is no treatment with enough evidence for this pathology. On this account, it is fundamental to do more research in order to find and suitable treatment that can improve the quality of life of these patients.

No significant relationships.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with exposure to an actual death or serious injury threatening event , as is the example of an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patient, and it is characterized by dissociative, avoidance, cognitive and mood symptoms. (1) It is known that ICU patients may develop PTSD with an incidence rate of 10%. (2)

Comprehend the correlation between PTSD development and ICU care and its risk factors and ways of prevention.

The authors conducted a literature review by searching the Pubmed database using the keywords PTSD; ICU; Risk Factors; Prevention.

The studies show that the risk factors are associated to: Intensive care like mechanic ventilation, sedation (like using midazolam, lorazepam or opioid); individual’s characteristics like being younger than 50 years old, personal history of depression, feminine gender and lower levels of cortisol, and experiencing cognitive alterations, as hallucinations, delirium, amnesia and delirant memory, or anxiety while under ICU care. (1,3,4,5) As a form of prevention non pharmacological measures are the most consensual. Pharmacologic hypothesis should be applied in the first 6 hours of trauma and could be hydrocortisone, as it is thought to be a protective factor for memory consolidation, but the conclusions are not consistent.(6)

There are a lot of people that develop PTSD in the ICU context who are not diagnosed and therefore not treated. In this way, it is necessary to identify the patients with more risk factors, apply the non-pharmacological measures and evaluate the person after discharge.

No significant relationships.

With the application of virtual reality (VR), tailored interventions can be created that mirror the traumatic experiences of veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Visual elements can be mimicked, and auditory and other senses stimulated. In doing so, the degree of immersion can be adjusted to optimize the therapeutic process. Objectively measuring the sensory immersion is key to keep subjects within their personal window of tolerance. Based on this information the therapist can decide manipulate the sensory stimulation embedded in the treatment.

The objectives of this study are to explore the different immersive design aspects of VRET that can be modified to influence the experienced presence in veterans with PTSD, and to discuss possible methods of measuring the emotional response facilitated by immersive design aspects and experienced presence.

Four design aspects are discussed: system, sensory cues, narrative and challenge. We also report on a user experiment in three veterans that informed on quality and depth of immersion.

Believability of the neutral virtual environment was important for maintaining the veterans’ presence within the VR experience. The immersive design aspects that were personalized and supportive in the narrative of the veteran such as music and self-selected images appeared to have a strong influence on recall and reliving of the traumatic events.

Finally, in order to increase the therapeutic effect in veterans with PTSD, the highlighted design aspects should be recognized and tailored to maximize immersion in virtual reality exposure therapy.

No significant relationships.

About a decade ago, the idea of a Late-Onset Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (LO-PTSD) emerged, in order to characterize the later-life emergence of symptoms related to early-life warzone trauma among aging combat Veterans.

This paper provides a review of the changes happened during the onset of a late form of PTSD and how can mental health professionals intervene.

Review of the literature from 2015 to present, using search engines such as Pubmed and Google Schoolar, using the following keywords: Late-Onset Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, triggers, prevention, intervention

At first, there was hypothesized that aging-related challenges (role transition and loss, death of family members and friends, physical and cognitive decline) might lead to increased reminiscence, and possibly distress, among Veterans who had previously dealt successfully with earlier traumatic events. However, recent studies have proposed that in later life many combat Veterans confront and rework their wartime memories in an effort to find meaning and build coherence. Through reminiscence, life review, and wrestling with issues such as integrity versus despair, they intentionally reengage with experiences they avoided or managed successfully earlier in life, perhaps without resolution or integration. This process can lead positively to personal growth or negatively to increased symptomatology.

Therefore the role of preventive intervention in enhancing positive outcomes for Veterans who reengage with their wartime memories in later life should be reconsidered.

No significant relationships.

Digital technologies are used in the prevention of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). There is no clear evidence for effective gender-sensitive preventive measures for PTSD. Using Tetris during the golden hour after trauma can reduce intrusive memories and thus reduce the likelihood of PTSD in the future.

Understand the features of gender differences after psychological interventions in patients in the acute period after a traumatic event. Video games that use visual-spatial efforts over a fixed time and frequency (Tetris) may reduce the likelihood of developing PTSD.

Main inclusion criteria was an exposure to traumatic event (time from traumatic event - 0-24 hours). Respondents were assessed by PTSD symptom scale (PCL-5), peritraumatic distress scale (PDS), peritraumatic dissociative experience scale (PDES) and global functioning scale (GFS), intrusion diary (intervals: week 0, week 4, week 8, week 12).

PTSD symptoms were more severe in female participants (p ≤ 0,05). Participants in the Tetris game group recorded significantly fewer intrusive memories during the first week after the traumatic event than participants in two other groups, with a mean effect size of 57 (M = 8.73 vs. M = 23.26, t (69) = 2.80, P = 0.005, d = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.18, 1, 14). After the first month of follow-up, members of the Tetris game group reported less stress from intrusive symptoms.

Tetris intervention may reduce intrusive memories of real trauma. Women had more severe PTSD symptoms. Due to the small number of samples, the study should be repeated.

No significant relationships.

It is important to determine those clinical factors that imply a greater risk of rehospitalization in psychotic patients

To determine the rate and predictors of rehospitalization in psychotic patients after their first hospitalization

We include all Psychotic patients admitted for first time in their life in our Psychiatric Unit between 2009 and 2019 (N=359) , including all diagnosed according DSM-IV of Schizophrenia or other Psychotic disorders -Multiple clinical, sociodemographic and biological variables of the basal hospitalization were recorded With the SPSS program we compared the variables between patients who needed any hospitalization in the follow-up until 31th December 2019 and those who do not. We use the Chi square ( qualitative variables) and the Student T ( quantitative variables)

109 psychotic inpatients had at least one rehospitalizations (30,4%). The qualitative variables significantly associated with rehospitalization were : cannabis in urine at admission (P<0.03), and treatment with risperidone (P<0.014). Instead treatment with long acting paliperidone was associated with absence of rehospitalization (P<0.005) .The quantitative variables relationed significantly with multiple rehospitalization were : lower age (P<0,015) lower HDL cholesterol levels (P<0.02) and higher years of follow-up after discharge (P<0.000)

1-More of 30% of psychotic patients need rehospitalization after their first hospitalization in a mean of follow up of 5,8 years 2-Lower age, longer follow-up period and treatment with risperidone are significantly associated with rehospitalization , instead treatment with long acting paliperidone are significantly associated with absence of rehospitalization

No significant relationships.

The comorbidity between cardiometabolic and psychotic disorders develops early. This is a crucial window of opportunity to reduce excess morbidity and mortality. Recently, a cardiometabolic risk prediction algorithm for young people with psychosis, the psychosis metabolic risk calculator (PsyMetRiC) was developed and externally validated in the UK. However, its international transportability is unknown.

We performed the first international validation study of PsyMetRiC in Lausanne, Switzerland, and examined whether additional variables (clinical and/or genetic) may improve the predictive performance of the algorithm

We included people aged 16-35y with psychosis from the PsyMetab cohort, who did not have MetS at baseline, and who had 1-6y follow-up data. The PsyMetRiC partial (age, sex, ethnicity, body mass index, smoking status, and prescription of a metabolically-active antipsychotic) and full (also including high-density lipoprotein and triglycerides) algorithms were applied. Predictive performance was assessed using measures of discrimination (C-statistic) and calibration (calibration plots). Recalibration steps included refitting the intercept and/or slope if necessary. Additional variables (e.g. speed of weight gain, polygenic risk scores) were added to the model and predictive performance was reassessed.

We included 545 participants. The discrimination performance of both PsyMetRiC algorithms was good (C>0.75), and calibration plots showed good agreement between observed and predicted risk. Additional analyses to be conducted.

PsyMetRiC is likely to be generalizable for use in Switzerland, suggesting that PsyMetRiC may also be suitable for use in other European populations. While additional international validations are required, these findings are an encouraging step toward an international cardiometabolic risk prediction algorithm for young people with psychosis.

No significant relationships.

The search for approaches to creating a precision personalized virtual reality for the treatment of mental disorders is urgent. (Belkasim, 2005; Park M.J. et all., 2019).

To develop a new approach to personalize the form of virtual reality content to the neurophysiological and anatomical parameters of the patient’s brain, to improve the quality of precision VR therapy for mental disorders.

The MRI study was carried out on a GE Optima 450w apparatus with a magnetic field induction of 1.5 Tesla. We used a radio frequency coil for the head. T1-weighted images were obtained with a field of view (FOV) of 24.4 x 14.8 cm and a slice thickness of 0.5 mm. Later, the images were built in three standard mutually perpendicular planes. Measurements were carried out using standard tools on an eFilm 4.0 WorkStation. FreeSurfer 4.5.0 was used to calculate the surface area of the cerebral hemispheres. To estimate the surface area of the room and the design of the shape in VR closed environment Autodesk AutoCAD 2018.

A new approach to personalization of the form of virtual reality content has been developed (Patent No. RU (11) 2 668 697 (13) C1, 2018;Patent No. RU (11) 2 753 234 (13) C1, 2020). It is based on the use a single morphometric indicator for a closed VR space and brain.

Research and applied analysis of the developed approach is required. The development of this area will make it possible to create precision products for the therapy and rehabilitation of mental disorders.

No significant relationships.

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a chronic psychiatric disorder resulting from abnormal eating habits with a high prevalence (0.5%). AN involves genetic and epigenetic factors supporting that AN is a metabo-psychiatric disorder. One candidate gene for AN, validated by meta-analyzes, is BDNF which encodes the brain-derived neurotrophic factor. BDNF negatively modulates the central control of food intake and its injection in rodents induces weight loss and anorexia. In humans, we observed an association of its functional variant Val66Met/rs6265 and electrodermal response to images of thinness suggesting an association between rs6265 and a reward effect of weight loss in AN.

This work study the impact of the functional polymorphism at risk rs6265, epigenetic variations in DNA methylation of BDNF gene and consequences on the concentrations of BDNF in AN patients.

DNA was isolated from 24 AN patients and 48 controls. DNA methylation was measured for sites spanning the BDNF gene using Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip technology. The genotyping of rs6265 was performed by Taqman-SNP assay. The BDNF was dosaged by ELISA from plasmas.

We observe that several sites are significantly hypermethylated in AN patients compared to controls. AN patients show significantly higher BDNF levels than controls. Finally, this BDNF concentration is significantly higher in AN carrying the risk Met66 allele.

This work demonstrates the effects of genetic and epigenetic variations of BDNF, which could constitute relevant diagnostic biomarkers of AN, and their likely consequences in the pathophysiology of AN. This work was supported by the Nestlé Foundation.

No significant relationships.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) causes staggering losses in quality adjusted life years worldwide.1 Among patients in the Danish psychiatric hospital setting, heart disease is associated with a decrease in life expectancy of 5.1 years.2 The causes underlying this association are likely manifold. For example, severe mental illness is associated with unhealthy lifestyle.3 Furthermore, psychiatrists may focus predominantly on the treatment of mental illness and have less emphasis on detection and prevention of physical illness.4 If patients at elevated risk of CVD are pointed out automatically, this may lead to better preventive medicine.

To predict which patients develop cardiovascular disease using machine learning.

We obtained data on all psychiatric hospital contacts in the Central Denmark Region since the initiation of the current EHR system (MidtEPJ). These span from 2011 to 2021 and cover 120,000 patients, of which 3,000 patients developed severe CVD (stroke or coronary event) follow-up. We will train a variety of models (random forests, SVM, deep neural nets) to predict CVD within one year from a planned contact to hospital.

The modelling is currently underway, intermediary results are expected in January.

We explore whether predicting CVD is feasible using state-of-the-art technologies and a uniquely detailed dataset. This may pave the way for machine learning to act as a clinical support decision system, since we’re only training on data that is available in a live, clinical context.

References

1: Khan 2019

2: Erlangsen 2017

3: Scott 2011

4: Fagiolini 2009

No significant relationships.

The term “personalised therapy” refers to the use of genetic data to better treat or determine the predisposition to a specific genetic disease, with the ultimate goal of improving quality of life. Telepsychiatry and AI are key to support it..

Determine benefits of pharmacogenomic analysis (PGx) in CNS diseases regarding: - cost effectiveness - adverse drug reactions - reduced hospitalizations -drug interactions - efficacy - quality of life - “trial and error” approach avoidance

Questionnaires before and after the treatment provided using PGX tests Telepsychiatry for consultation along face to face sessions were conducted. Artificial intelligence in data analyses

Benefits of pharmacogenomic analysis (PGx) in CNS diseases: - cost effective savings - prediction and prevention of adverse drug reactions - reduced hospitalization due to ineffectiveness of medication - reduced risk of drug interactions - more effective treatments - better quality of life for the patient - with the analysis (PGx) the “trial and error” approach is avoided

In a number of studies in patients with mental disorders, pharmacogenomic analysis (PGx) has led to an increase in both clinical response and remission, better tolerated treatments, fewer side effects, and reduced treatment costs. In conclusion, pharmacogenomic analysis is ideal for patients with CNS diseases: a) Not responding to treatment b) Who in their history have many relapses and hospitalizations c) They show serious side effects d) Who do not comply with the treatment e) Taking many medications and suffering from serious illnesses f) Who are wary of taking psychotropic drugs

No significant relationships.

Cariprazine (CAR) is a D2, D3, 5HT1A receptor partial agonist and a 5HT2A, 5HT2B antagonist, used to treat Schizophrenia and Bipolar disorder. Interindividual variability in therapeutic and side effects of antipsychotics is difficult to predict, due to non-genetic and genetic factors. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the main source of genetic variability, the ones in dopamine and serotonin receptors to which CAR binds are indeed likely to determine response to treatment.

The aim of the study is to define a relationship between CAR clinical efficacy and SNPs in dopamine and serotonin receptors genes of patients affected by schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

We recruited 16 patients starting a monotherapy with CAR, evaluated at baseline and after 2, 4 and 8 weeks through BPRS rating scale. We selected a panel of SNPs in DR2, DR3, 5HT1A and 5HT2A receptors, with a frequency higher that 10% in Caucasians and functionally characterized. Cut-off for response to treatment was a 50% reduction of BPRS score. Statistical analysis was performed with one-way ANOVA followed by the test for linear trend between columns.

All subjects achieved response after 8 weeks of treatment, but 6 patients after 4 weeks. Early responders have a genetic profile associated with increased dopamine and serotonin receptor expression and/or binding affinity for their specific ligands. The association don’t reach statistical significance, probably due to low number of patients.

Preliminary results suggest that an array of dopamine and serotonin receptors SNPs could predict time to respond to CAR in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

The study is founded by Recordati AG, that commercialize the drug under study (Cariprazine) in Switzerland. Funding covers the costs for genetic analysis and other procedures of the study, no financial compensation is planned for investigators/authors.

Group-level studies showed cross-sectional and prospective between-person associations between circadian rest-activity rhythms (RAR), physical activity (PA), sleep, and depressive symptoms. However, whether these associations replicate at the within-person level remains unclear. Therefore, it is clinically relevant to investigate these associations within persons and study whether changes in depressive symptoms are related to changes in circadian rhythm and sleep variables.

To identify changes in circadian rhythm elements in proximity to a transition in depressive symptoms, whether changes are less frequent in individuals without compared to those with transitions, and whether there are individual differences in the direction of change of circadian rhythm variables.

Data of remitted individuals tapering antidepressants were used: 12 with and 14 without a transition in depressive symptoms. RAR, PA, and sleep variables were calculated as predictors from four months of actigraphy data. Transitions in depressive symptoms were based on weekly SCL-90 scores and evaluation interviews. Kernel Change Point analyses were used to detect change points (CPs) and CP timing in circadian rhythm variables for each individual separately.

In 67% of individuals with depressive symptoms transitions, CPs were identified in proximity to symptom transitions. CPs were detected less frequently in the no-transition group with 7 CPs in 14 individuals, compared to transition groups with 10 CPs in 12 individuals. For several RAR and sleep variables, consistent changes were detected in expected directions.

Circadian rhythm variables provide potentially clinically relevant information although their patterns around transitions are highly person-specific. Future research is needed to disentangle which variables are predictive for which patients.

No significant relationships.

Structural variations of DNA, such as copy number variations (CNVs), are important contributors to risk for human diseases. Several CNVs have been associated with an increased risk of early-onset neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD), adult-onset psychiatry disorders and physical comorbidities. While in Pediatrics the microarray is the first-line genetic analysis technique in the study of child onset NDD, its use in psychiatry care of young/adult onset NDD has been limited to research purposes.

Review of the diagnostic yield of the use of microarrays analysis in psychiatric clinical practice of severe mental disorder care in adults, according to the concept of a neurodevelopmental continuum.

An exploratory literature review on the topic in PubMed, including the terms: “copy number variants/CNVs” AND “neurodevelopmental delay/disorders, congenital anomalies/malformations, ADHD, autism/ASD, learning disabilities, epilepsy, Tourette, schizophrenia, bipolar, behaviour”.

The prevalence of carriers of pathogenic or likely pathogenic CNVs among the different NDD phenotypes investigated by microarray analysis ranged from 3-22.5%. The majority of studies in adult psychiatric populations examined schizophrenia. Intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorders, dysmorphic features and multiple NDD/psychiatric diagnoses were described as predictors of an increased diagnostic yield of microarray testing.

While CNV testing is frequent in early-onset NDD; microarray analysis has not been established in psychiatric clinical practice despite the evidence of a high prevalence of findings in adult-onset NDD. The potential benefits in the detection of CNV are associated with physical comorbidities detection, understanding of pathogenesis of disease or genetic counseling. High-quality research designs are required before a routine clinical use.

No significant relationships.

Post-intensive care syndrome, which includes symptoms of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress, afflicts one-third of critical illness survivors. Symptoms persist and significantly degrade quality of life. No intervention has earned clear evidence of reducing these adverse psychological sequelae. Building on earlier pilot data, psychological support based on positive suggestions (PSBPS), is being investigated in an ongoing, randomized, controlled prospective trial across multiple intensive care unit (ICU) settings in a large, tertiary medical center.

Recognizing that even sedated patients perceive and internalize communication, we share lessons learned thus far in the art of engaging with sedated, often unresponsive patients.

Our presentation describes this NIH-funded PSBPS study, including the preparatory training and subsequent implementation of a structured script delivered daily to ICU patients, regardless of cognitive status or ability to respond. To interfere with the initial process of fear conditioning/negative memory formation, we introduce mitigating information about potentially traumatic events during the temporal window when initial memory consolidation occurs, reframing the alien, often frightening ICU environment while providing positive suggestions of safety and healing.

Psychiatrists characteristically engage alert, communicative patients. Unfortunately, when meaningful cognitive exchange is impossible, further effort is often limited. By contrast, choosing to engage ventilated, sedated patients with active re-interpretation is a novel enterprise. We share technique and lessons learned from the first two years.

Consultation psychiatrists are uniquely situated to explore with our critical care colleagues how best to mitigate the corrosive psychological consequences of intensive care and improve the future of ICU survivors.

No significant relationships.

It is known that early withdrawal can lead to a worsening of mental health. This is particularly relevant for depressive patients with clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR) for whom the recommended duration of treatment has not been established.

Analyze the actual treatment duration of depressive patients at CHR after their discharge from hospital and compare it with the group of depressive patients without CHR.

A comparative study of 124 depressive patients with CHR and 27 depressive patients without CHR was conducted within a year after discharge from hospital to assess the therapy duration and treatment compliance.

Within a year after discharge only 12.1% depressive patients with CHR and 29.6% ones without CHR continued to receive the therapy. The average duration of treatment after discharge was 7.4 months in the first group and 11.7 months in the second group. The majority of patients stopped treatment for the following reasons (in descending order of importance): lack of awareness of their mental condition (51.9% vs 40.3%), side effects (38.7% vs 11.1%), and negative attitudes towards the treatment on the part of patients’ immediate family members (8.9% vs 7.4%).

It has been found out that depressive patients with CHR are less likely to follow medical prescriptions than ones without CHR, they are more likely to have the lack of awareness of their mental condition, they are more likely to have side effects of the therapy. These findings require the development of a universal approach to the treatment of such patients after discharge from hospital.

No significant relationships.

Depression as a public health concern highlights the importance of prevention. The nature of the disease is complex, linked to numerous biopsychosocial factors. However, it was found that healthiest lifestyle reduced 67% the risk of depressive symptoms.

To review evidence on how exercise, diet, and smoking impact on the risk of depression.

Non-systematic review of literature through search on PubMed/MEDLINE following the terms “Lifestyles”,“risk” and “depression”.

Several studies have shown that exercise reduces the incidence of depressive symptoms and major depressive disorder regardless of intensity, geographic region, age, gender, or follow-up period. Smoking significantly increases the risk of depression, including the ones exposed to second-hand smoking and pregnant women in which prenatal smoking was associated with a three-fold increased risk of postpartum depression. The Mediterranean diet rich in complex carbohydrates, omega-3 fatty acids, B-group vitamins and several amino acids have shown a negative association with the incidence of depression. A high frequency of breakfast consumption, an increased intake of fruits, vegetables, and some specific nutrients (zinc, iron, magnesium, vitamins, and folate) was also inversely correlated with prevalence of depressive symptoms. On the other hand, western dietary patterns, with sweetened beverages, processed food, and foods rich in saturated fatty acids, have been linked to an increased risk. Skipping meals and snacking on unhealthy food also contributes to depressive symptoms.

Relatively modest changes in population diet, tobacco consumption and levels of exercise may have important public mental health benefits preventing a substantial number of new cases of depression.

No significant relationships.

Based on high rates of non-converters to psychosis, especially in children and adolescents, it was suggested that CHR criteria were (1) pluripotential, (2) a transdiagnostic risk factor, or (3) simply a severity marker of mental disorders rather than specifically psychosis-predictive. If any of these three alternative explanatory models were true, their prevalence should differ between persons with and without mental disorders, and their severity should be associated with functional impairment as a measure of severity.

To compare the prevalence and severity of CHR criteria/symptoms in children and adolescents of the community and inpatients.

We compared CHR criteria/symptoms in 8-17-year-olds of the community and of inpatients not clinically suspected to develop psychosis.

The 7.3%-prevalence rate of CHR criteria in community subjects did not differ significantly from the 9.5%-rate in inpatients. Frequency/severity of CHR criteria never differed between the community and the four inpatient groups, while the frequency and severity of CHR symptoms differed only minimally. Group differences were found in only four CHR symptoms: suspiciousness/persecutory ideas of the SIPS, and thought pressure, derealization and visual perception disturbances of the SPI-CY. These were consistent with a transdiagnostic risk factor or dimension, i.e., displayed higher frequency and severity in inpatients. Low functioning, however, was at most weakly related to the severity of CHR criteria/symptoms, with the highest, yet still weak correlation yielded for suspiciousness/persecutory ideas.

The lack of systematic differences between inpatients and community subjects does not support suggestions that CHR criteria/symptoms are pluripotential or transdiagnostic syndromes, or merely markers of symptom severity

No significant relationships.

Prevention of disorders has become a central element of psychiatric research and clinic. Currently, Ultra High Risk (UHR) criteria are internationally recognized for psychiatric risk assessment. Self Disorders (SD) aroused particular interest because they were found to be specific to schizophrenic spectrum disorders and a marker of vulnerability for psychotic onset.

To evaluate the correlation between psychotic risk and depressive symptoms in at-risk adolescent population.

We collected data from 80 patients, aged 14-18, with sufficient skills in the Italian language and an IQ ≥70, excluding patients with disorders related to direct effects of a general medical condition or substance. Psychodiagnostic evaluation included K-SADS-PL, SIPS/SOPS, EASE (for the assessment of SDs) and the CDSS (for the assessment of Depression).

35 subjects have UHR criteria, while 45 do not have a psychotic risk syndrome or psychotic features. Between the two groups there is a significant difference in the total SCORE of EASE, in domains 1, 2 and 5. In addition, a positive correlation between SDs and depressive symptoms emerged, in particular with pathological guilt and with reference ideas of guilt.

The results confirm the validity of SDs for early detection of psychosis. Depressive features appear to be associated with the presence of abnormalities of experience. This results suggest a close care and monitoring of depressive symptoms in adolescence, because they can mask disorders of different nature, particularly pathological guilt and guilty ideas of reference that are depressive “cognitive” symptoms more correlate with psychotic risk.

No significant relationships.

Вuilding psychologically close relationships with the partner is an important task of development in adolescence. Dysfunctional relationships is a source of stress, can lead to mental disorder. Reflection is a mental (rational) process aimed at analyzing, understanding, realizing oneself: one’s own actions, behavior, speech, experience, feelings, states; reflexion is a condition of orientation in interpersonal relations, formation of attitudes, perceptions, values, refinement and formation of self and partner image.

The aim was to study the reflection role in of the romantic relationship attitudes formation at adolescence.

The techniques were completed by 84 students 17-21 age (M = 19.23; SD=1,21; M/F= 83.3 / 16.7 %) 1. Attitudes About Love and Sex by C. Hendrick and S. Hendrick (Ekimchik, 2007) 2. Differential Test of Reflection (Osin, Leontiev, 2014) 3. Reflexivity Questionnaire (Karpov, 2004).

The dominant types of reflection are «Systemic reflection» and «Reflexivity of future activity» (A.V. Karpov), which correlates with age-related developmental tasks. «Reflexivity of communication and interaction with others» is found at a rather low level. Cluster analysis highlighted three groups of respondents with different types of reflection: «reflexive» (40 %), «dreamers» (36 %), «communicative» (24 %). The most pronounced types of love are Eros and Agape. There are significant differences in the expression of the love style in three groups of respondents (H-criterion Kraskel-Wallis).

Reflexion features are a factor in the formation of the cognitive-behavioral component of a love in adolescence. Optimal type of reflexion creates conditions for prevention of destructive relationships in youth.

No significant relationships.