It may be necessary o state that the names which I have used for the different nervures of the wings in thesc papers are those used by Dr. Clemens, and differ somewhat from those in use by European entomologists.

Various means may be used for the purpose of denuding the wings of their scales, so as to render the neuration distinct. The wing may be process repeated slightly between two pieces of moinstened bibulous paper, and the process repeated until the wing is sufficiently denuded ; or, if this does not denude it sufficiently, the fewremaining scales may be removed with a camel's or sable hair brush.

A mathematical model was constructed to simulate the effect of intraspecific larval competition on the survival of Agromyza frontella (Rondani). It was shown that the probabilities of cannibalism and starvation can be expressed as functions of larval density and food availability (leaflet surface area), and that expected pupal weights can be determined from the amount of food available to the third-instar larva. Predictions were compared with data from laboratory experiments and field samples with excellent results.

It cannot be disputed that in any attempt to control populations of useful or harmful insects a knowledge of their ecology is of prime importance. In view of the significance of the various relationships between man and insects it follows that insect ecology should be a vigorous and strongly supported phase of entomology. It is the purpose of this discussion to consider briefly the present status of insect ecology and its relationship to ecology in general, and particularly to call attention to those characteristics of insect life that would seem to justify special treatment of insects from an ecological standpoint.

The species here treated belong to genera previously “lumped” under Andrena.

Three submarginal cells.

♀ with joint 3 of the antennæ shorter than 4 and 5; ♂ with joint 3 shorter than 5, rarely as lon gas 4; sculpture in both sexes with few exceptions coarse, enclosure usually ridge, depressions fo abdominal segment usually sharply defined; ♀ with a simple tibial.

In the October number of the St. Paul Medical Journal, Dr. Burnside Foster, the editor, gives a very interesting case of larvæ found in the cutaneous tissues of a three weeks old infant, that a specialist in Dipterology identified as the above species. The case was not one of Dr. Foster's patients, but was from Superior, Wis. If the identification is correct, and I see no reason why it should not be, for the specialist was the same one who identified the first larva found in the boy at Chester, Illinois, as a Gastrophilus, and he had one of the types before him for comparison, the case is important. How they came to be in the child's skin is an interesting question, and in a brief note in reply to Dr. Foster's article, I suggested an examination of the excreta of the mother.

On the 18th of June, 1904, while collecting dragon-fly nymphs in Grenadier Pond, Toronto, I found two Gomphus exuviæ resting on the surface of a thick growth of algæ a few feet from the edge of the pond. I examined the debris and black swamp mud from the bottom, just below, the spot where the skins were taken, and found one nymph about two-thirds grown, apparently of the same species. On June 20th I found another exuvia on a similar part of the shore, and on examining the bottom I found several half-grown nymphs and one full-grown one, which was crawling along the surface of the algæ, evidently ready to transform. In the evening a male Gomphus furcifer emerged.

Working over some neglected material, I found, to my surprise, that the specimens of Ochodœus colleted by me last year in Arizona are separable into three distinct species, none of which agree with the descriptions of the North American species. A few years ago my brother sent me from California, with some other material, two specimens of what I take to be an Ochadœus. Unfortunately, I misplaced one of the specimens, and not wishing to dissect the single remaining one, I leave this species in this genus for the present, till more material is available.

Sixty nests of Anthophora terminalis Cresson were obtained from sumac stick trap-nests during 1952-1962. The cells were constructed with sawdust chewed from the walls of the hole drilled in the trap. Each cell was 7 mm. wide and 11 mm. long, lined with a salivary secretion, and separated from adjacent cells by partitions. The mean number of cells was 5.8 (range 1-11). A sawdust plug was constructed on top of the last cell, and usually located a few inches from the orifice of the hole. Provisions in the cells normally had a "sour" odor, and in many cells the provisions were spoiled. Adults were reared with difficulty, as the larva did not spin a cocoon. In nests with both sexes, the females invariably preceded the males. A nest found in a dead poplar log was essentially the same as those made in the traps. Floral hosts included Stachys palustris L., Nepeta cataria L. and Epilobium angustifolium L. There was one generation a year in Wisconsin.

During the past summer, while on a visit to the northern portion of this State, my attention was attracted to the presence of numerous mudcells on the lower surface of stones lying along the bands of the Wapsipinicon River, These cells, most of them empty, with one end forced off, somewhat resembled the single one with which some or our common mud-wasps start their establishment of the ceilings of little-used rooms, or on the rafters of outhouses, but very much smaller. The largest measure about 12 mm, in length and 8 mm, in breadth, while the small ones are only 5 mm. long and 2.5 mm wide.

Appreciating the value to students in geographical distribution of faunal lists of a given region, with notes thereon, on the interest that such lists have for beginners in the same field in after years, we have concluded to publish here a list of the Diurnal Lepidoptera known to us to have been taken in the vicinity of Philadelphia. A circle drawn around the new City Hall, with a radius of ten miles, is the line of limit to the “vicinity” here treated of.

Uric acid accumulation in the fat body of several species of Tenthredinidae and Diprionidae was determined on a qualitative and quantitative basis. Variations were found in the number of crystal agglomerations per cell and in the nature of the agglomerations between species. Uric acid dosage revealed considerable variations in concentration. Such variations could be useful for taxonomic purposes.

With this paper we begin the consideration of the Lamiinæ, the third great subfamily of Longhorns. They have recently been worked up by Mr. Leng and Dr. Hamilton in a joint publication which has been largely used and followed in the preparation of the succeeding pages. The essential characters are to be found in the oblique sulcation of the outer side of the front tibiæ, the lack of prothoracic margin and the cylindrical pointed terminal joint of the palpi. None of the Canadian forms offer exceptions to the above rule. It will also be noticed that the front of the head is usually vertical instead of being oblique or nearly horizontal. Compare a Prionus, Romaleum and Saperda and this point will be made clear.

Female. Length 8-9 mm. Body shining black clothed with whitish hairs; the following parts rufous; palpi, middle of mandibles usually, labrum, antennae except the two basal segments above (in some specimens the two basal segments are entirely dark), legs beyond trochanters, and abdomen beyond the basal plates. Segments 2-5 of the abdomen above with dark transverse bands across the middle most pronounced on basal segments and decreasing apically. Wings yellowish with stigma and veins, except costa, brownish.