The genus Eucatops Portevin, 1903 was previously known by 20 described species, all from South America. In this paper we describe 13 new species from Costa Rica, all in the subgenus Eucatops: Eucatops (Eucatops) andersonisp. nov.; E. (E.) antennatussp. nov.; E. (E.) apterussp. nov.; E. (E.) dentatussp. nov.; E. (E.) femoratussp. nov.; E. (E.) globosussp. nov.; E. (E.) magnussp. nov.; E. (E.) minutussp. nov.; E. (E.) montanussp. nov.; E. (E.) osasp. nov.; E. (E.) paramontanussp. nov.; E. (E.) solisisp. nov.; and E. (E.) tenuisaccussp. nov. Some of the species are also reported from neighboring Nicaragua or Panama.

Clastoptera arborina Ball is placed as a senior synonym of C. newporta Doering. C. doeringae n. sp. is described for the species previously reported as “arborina” by Doering (1928).

Fannia shinahamae Chillcott was described from a single female (Chillcott 1961b) and assigned to the hirticeps group. Recent discovery of a topotypic series permits description of the male and reassignment of the species to the serena group (Chillcott 1961a).

Full-grown larvae of Zeiraphera pacifica Freeman and Epinotia hopkinsana (Kearfott) are described and figured.

Crop damage caused by fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugipera J.E. Smith (1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), has generated concern among agriculturists globally. In 2019, FAW was first reported in Sri Lanka, where it caused significant losses to corn crops. However, given that the two FAW biotypes – “rice strain” (R-FAW) and “corn strain” (C-FAW) – are morphologically identical, the biotype(s) present in Sri Lanka were unknown. The current study used the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (mt-CO1) of FAW to biotype nine FAW samples collected in Sri Lanka. The resulting molecular phylogeny revealed that both R-FAW and C-FAW biotypes were present among the samples. In addition, we used the temperature-switch polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique to develop a gel-based molecular marker. Two fragments were successfully amplified by the newly developed marker ABUOP0002, with fragment sizes of 341 bp from R-FAW and 204 bp from C-FAW. This demonstrates that ABUOP0002 can serve as a diagnostic gel-based molecular marker to identify the R-FAW and C-FAW biotypes from samples already identified to species level as S. frugiperda through taxonomical keys and provides a possible alternative to more expensive sequencing-based assays.

Laboratory studies were conducted with the carrot rust fly, Psila rosae (Fabricius), to determine the effect of irradiation on reproduction. Irradiation of 15-day-old pupae with 1.4, 2.8 and 4.3 kiloroentgens did not adversely affect emergence. Treated females caged with normal males laid a few sterile eggs when the treatment was 1.4 kr. but none at the higher doses. Normal females caged with treated males laid a normal complement of eggs, and the per cent hatch was 10, 2 and 0 with treatments of 1.4, 2.8 and 4.3 kr., respectively. When flies of both sexes from pupae treated at 3.0 kr. were mixed with normal flies in a ratio of 6:1, the number of larvae were reduced by 93%.

Laboratory tests of heat tolerance of last-instar larvae of the larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.), were made to provide information for the evaluation of the role of high temperature as a mortality factor in field populations.

Test larvae were reared from eggs at 21 ± 1.5 °C and 50 ± 10% relative humidity. LT50's were determined at 37°, 39°, 40°, and 41 °C for larvae conditioned at 30 °C and 75% relative humidity.

Larvae were less heat resistant during the first 24 hours after molting than they were 24 to 48 hours after molting. The conditioning temperature and the duration of conditioning had very significant effects on heat tolerance. Differences in acclimation due to heat treatment could not be accounted for by differences in free water content.

Temperature acclimation will occur in field populations and must be considered in evaluating the role of high temperature as a natural mortality factor.

Larvae may encounter lethal temperatures when wandering on branches or tree trunks or crawling on dry ground in open sunshine.

Tabanus Allynii. Length 15 mm.

Female.—Eyes naked, no ocelligerous tubercle. Front yellowishgray; callosity chestnut, nearly square, with an unconnected, spindleshaped line above. Face and cheeks yellowish-gray. Antennæ reddishyellow, annulate portion black. Palpi yellowish with white hairs. Thorax and scutellum grayish-black with minute golden-yellow pubescence; humerus reddish-brown when denuded; pleurae and pectus grayish with white or yellow hairs. Abdomen yellow, segments 4–7 black with yellow hind margins, which are expanded into triangles on the middle of segments 4 and 5; first segment black under the scutellum; second segment with a black triangle on the middle, and the third segment with a dark spot on each side of the middle. Venter yellow with a black line through the middle and tip dark. Legs—femora balck, yellow at the tips; tibiae yellow, darker at the tips; outer half of front tibia black; tarsi brownish, front ones black. Wings hyaline; stigma yellowish.

Pandemis cerasana (Hubner), a common leaf roller of deciduous trees in northern Eurasia, was found in North America for the first time at Victoria, B.C., in 1964. No other recovery points have been reported. The insect feeds on a variety of broad-leaf trees and shrubs but seems most attracted to Garry oak, and has caused sporadic defoliation. This illustrated study presents descriptions of the adult and life history in more detail than heretofore available, as well as initial descriptions of the immature stages and their habits, with discussion on local population changes. Parasitism and disease was negligible.

Among the material sent for identification by Mr. J. L. Sperry was a small series of what appears to be a new species of Pherne; at any rate the specimens do not agree with any of the three species at present listed under this generic name and figured in the Barnes and McDunnough “Contributions” III, Pl. XV, figs 7, 8. 14. As is usual the antennae are bipectinate in both sexes, the pectinations in the female being distinct but much shorter than in the male; the palpi are distinctly shorter than in subpunctata Hlst.; the apical portion of the outer margin of primaries is less excavated and the angle at vein 5 less sharp than in the other members of the genus.

The New World fauna of the genus Oxytorus Förster, 1869 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) comprises 11 species, two of them, O. bahiensisnew species and O. sinopaenew species, both from eastern Brazil, are described as new. New data about distribution and variation of several species are reported. Oxytorus peruvianus Alvarado, Bordera, and Rodríguez-Berrío, 2011 is reported for the first time from Brazil and Ecuador, and O. alfredi Gauld and Mallet, 2000 from Guatemala, Mexico, and Trinidad and Tobago. An illustrated key to the New World species of Oxytorus is provided.

The apple aphid population density on 1-year-old trees under controlled conditions of decreasing temperatures and photoperiods equivalent to 1 August through 14 November 1967, remained almost static up to the time of apple tree defoliation. Alate forms disappeared and reproduction levelled off after a 13.3 hr, 17 °C light, and a 12 °C dark temperature were programmed. Aphids left the apex of the tree after vegetative growth ceased and became distributed more or less evenly over the older leaves. Egg deposition occurred after the photoperiod became shorter than 11.8/24 hr and temperatures less than 12 °C during the light period, 8 °C during darkness. This "autumn population" of aphids with no external detrimental biotic or extreme climatic effects produced winter eggs equal to one-third its numbers at the time of beginning oviposition.

A new genus and species of Heptageniidae (Ephemeroptera) is based on a series of nymphs and reared female adults from the Saskatchewan River, Saskatchewan. Descriptions of female and nymphal Macdunnoa nipawinia n. gen., n. sp., of the subfamily Heptageniinae, are given along with notes on the biology. The genus has no close North American relatives, but is allied to heptageniid genera from southeast Asia.

At page 92, ante, I have described as Depressaria albisparsella, a species which, on examination of other specimens, I have concluded to make the type of a new genus. As stated on a preceding page, the species was described from a single captrued,specimen, the wings of which were not spread. The specimen was also slightly injured, so as to cause the brush on the palpi to appear to be divided, and to obscuresome of the markings of the wings, which are faint even in perfectly fresh specimens. Since then I have bred and captured other specimens, and find that it differs from Depressaria in the following particulars