In his recent revision Rupert (1949) has focused attention on the geometrid genus Plagodis. In the present paper the writer presents descriptions of larvae of three of the four Canadian species in this genus and of the larvae of Anagoga occiduaria (Wlk.) and Hyperetis amicaria (H.-S.). Forbes (1948) notes that these three genera make a neat subgroup in the tribe Anagogini and indicates that there are differences in the larvae. From studies during the summer of 1949 it was determined that there are differences in these larvae; and the differences, along with the similarities, are set forth in this paper.

Pemphigus spirothecae Passerini, a member of the subfamily Eriosomatinae, was collected in large numbers from spiral galls on lombardy poplars in Quebec during 1972 and 1973. This aphid is well known in Europe but has not been reported previously from North America. It has a monoecious life cycle.

The paper published Canad. Ent., vol. xi., p. 110-14, was reprinted with some additions as a pamphlet, Cambridge, December, 1879. The recorded experiment on the Potato Bug made by Mr. James H. Burns, proved evidently the poisonous character of the yeast-fungus. The fifty beetles which were sprinkled with it died mostly on the eighth day, and the rest in the four following days.

Male: Length of body (dried) 5 mm., of the forewings 1.8 mm., of the hindwings 1.5 mm. Color of body black, the abdomen with a mid-dorsal brown line; legs dark brown.

Length 6-6.3 mm. ; width 2.6-2.7 mm. Oblong, moderately convex and elongate, parallel. Black; the legs and elytra very dark reddish brown, almost black; shining.

Relationships within the Pardosa groenlandica species complex (sensu Slowik and Sikes 2013) were analysed to test two competing hypotheses – the species complex consists of either four or seven species. We conducted a partitioned Bayesian analyses of the mitochondrial gene COI and the nuclear genes ITS1, 5.8S, and ITS2. These genes provided a dataset composed of 1874 nucleotides each from 144 specimens. Additional analyses included application of the DNA barcoding protocol and a phylogeographic study of a subset of specimens. Analyses found no support for either hypothesis and only one species was found monophyletic in a subset of analyses. Mitochondrial DNA yielded clades discordant with geography. Species in the P. groenlandica species complex show various amounts of genetic support, with a general lack of agreement between genetics and morphology for species boundaries.

1. Nematusocreatus.—♀. Testaceous or honey-yellow; length, 0.35 inch.

Head polished, sutures behind ocelli well defined; ocelli in a slightly curved line with the lower one on the rim of a large shallow basin; face below antennæ, another between them, and one on edge of occiput; antennæ slender, two-thirds as long as body, black with basal joints paler; joints three and four subequal; five shorter.

A brief account of the history of insect cold-hardiness studies shows that interest has been sparse and sporadic, and advancement contributed by a very small number of people. Three distinct aspects of cold-hardiness research are used as examples to show their basic dependence on physico-chemical principles and consequently the preferred direction for future research.

Significant differences in age structure of grasshopper populations [Melanoplus sanguinipes (Fabricius), M. bivittatus (Say), and M. packardii Scudder] occurred in winter wheat and adjacent rangeland. In 1988, age structure differences were associated with density shifts in winter wheat between sample periods suggesting that older instars dispersed into the crop but younger instars remained in rangeland. In 1989 there was some partitioning of age classes between the two habitats, but no pattern emerged as in 1988. In 1990, significantly more older instars were collected in winter wheat than in rangeland. There were shifts in percentage density of the three grasshopper species in winter wheat but again no patterns emerged.

A new species, Limonius pappi, is decribed from specimens from Mono County, California. The pertinent features are illustrated and supplementary couplets to Van Dyke’s (1932) key are provided. A lectotype is designated for Limonius nitidulus Horn.

Stenaspilates flavisaria, new species.—♂. Expans, 33–38 mm. Head, thorax and abdomen yellowish-white. Ground colour of wings yellowish-white, in some specimens washed with a fawn-brown tint. Primaries with a dark-ochreous intradiscal line crossing one-third from the base, curved broadly outward from costa, then bisinuous to inner margin. Extradiscal line brown, bounded outwardly by a narrow white line, crossing at the outer third, with a gentle outward and inward curve to cubitus 2, then with a sharp outward semicircle, and another short curve to inner margin.

The Palaearctic braconid Pygostolus falcatus (Nees) is recorded from Prince Edward Island parasitic on Sitona hispidula F.

On 5 September 1982, the third coauthor collected a single male of an unfamiliar geometrid moth in Vancouver, British Columbia. He sent it to the first coauthor, who recognized it as a species of Ennomos related to our native maple spanworm moth, E. magnaria Guenée. The second coauthor identified it as Ennomos alniaria (L.), a European species known in Britain as the canary-shouldered thorn.

The diamond beetle, Entimus nobilis Oliv., is a weevil whose larva causes irregular tubercles on the woody tissues of the twining vine Stigmaphyllum littorale Juss., cultivated in the American tropics. Bruch (1932) reports that the adult weevil may be from 10 to 28 mm. in length. The specimens in which the proventriculus was examined were adults 28 mm. long from a series of pinned insects collected in Brazil.

The pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisurn (Harris), is a serious pest of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and is known to reduce the cold-hardiness of seedling alfalfa (Harper and Freyman 1979). To determine whether or not pea aphids also reduce cold-hardiness in older alfalfa, plants were grown in the field for 1, 2, or 3 years, then tested for cold-hardiness under controlled conditions of infestation, hardening, and freezing.