Börnerina Bramstedt is a genus of aphids that breeds only on species of Alnus L. Inclusive of the new species described herein the genus is composed of two species, of which B. depressa Bramstedt is the European representative.

Betulaphis Glendenning is a larger genus than Börnerina and as the name implies is restricted to species of Betula L. Although the genus was described in North America there have been no North American records subsequent to the original description (Glendenning, 1926). Elsewhere, the genus is known to occur in Europe, Iceland, Greenland and New Zealand. In this paper three species are recorded for North America, two of which are described as new.

From 1989 to 1993, trunk implants of acephate were tested for the control of seed and cone insect damage to conifer species in France and northeastern China. The treatments were promising for the control of the major pests that feed on cone and seed tissues, including cone flies, coneworms, and seedworms, in European and Siberian larch, Norway spruce, Scots and mountain pine. In contrast, acephate implants did not prevent seed chalcid damage nor that of gall midges in Douglas-fir, European larch, and Siberian larch. Treatment generally increased seed yield, but a significant increase in the number of filled seeds was seen only when chalcids and midges were absent. The 2-year effect of implants seemed limited. Acephate implantation did not seem to affect seed germination.

Knowledge of the factors affecting host selection by herbivorous insects is essential to predictions of their distribution and abundance over landscapes. In the laboratory, we studied the oviposition preferences of two eruptive loopers (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) native to western Canada (western hemlock looper, Lambdina fiscellaria lugubrosa (Hulst), and phantom hemlock looper, Nepytia phantasmaria (Strecker)) for different species and condition of hosts. When offered a choice, phantom hemlock loopers laid nearly three times as many eggs on western hemlock, Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. (Pinaceae) as on either western redcedar, Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don (Cupressaceae) or western white pine, Pinus monticola Douglas ex D. Don (Pinaceae). Western hemlock loopers were less specific, laying equal numbers of eggs on western hemlock and western redcedar, though fewer eggs were deposited on western white pine when compared with western hemlock. When offered western hemlock trees grown under different nutrient and shading regimes, phantom hemlock loopers preferred to oviposit on high nutrient hosts, irrespective of shading; western hemlock loopers exhibited a preference for high-nutrient hosts only if they were grown without shading. These patterns of host preference can be combined with information regarding forest composition to help quantify the conditional probability of western and phantom hemlock looper distibution and abundance.

Six pheromone trap designs, including five high-capacily and a sticky trap, and four PVC lure concentrations of pheromone were evaluated for monitoring blueberry leaftier populations in six blueberry fields in Nova Scotia. Larval densities and subsequent male moth catches in the same year for all the trap designs evaluated, except double funnel traps, were highly correlated. Multipher III traps captured the highest number of moths, followed by Unitraps and double funnel traps. The ice cream container trap captured significantly fewer moths than any other trap design. At most locations, the first moth was caught on the same day in all the trap designs except the ice cream container trap. Trap catches increased with increasing pheromone concentration up to 0.03% dose. Traps baited with 0.3% lures captured significantly fewer moths than those with 0.003% or 0.03%. Based on mean trap catches, R2 values, coefficients of variation among traps, trap efficiency, and lure evaluations, the Unitraps baited with 0.003% lures are selected for further development of a population monitoring system for blueberry leaftier moths. The Multipher III traps baited with 0.03% lures captured up to 44 000 male moths (mean per trap per season) at high densities, demonstrating their potential in mass trapping blueberry leaftiers.

Larval ocelli (stemmata) of four species of Lepidoptera (Malacosoma pluviale, M. disstria, Isia isabella and Hypocrita jacobaeae) were examined under the photonic and the scanning electron microscope. Two types of ocelli are present, one with three convexities, the other with a single one. Differences exist between species. Examination of the internal structure reveals the presence of two separate morphological units, related to the external variations. The significance of these observations is discussed in the light of previous findings.

Studies on the ecology of Megachile perihirta Ckll. (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), a leaf-cutter bee that is a valuable pollinator of alfalfa in southern Alberta, indicated that the pillager (depredator) Nemognatha lutea Lec. (Coleoptera: Meloidae) and the parasite Dasymutilla fulvohirta (Cress.) (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) have other hosts besides M. perihirta (Hobbs, 1956). Adults of both species at the nesting habitat of a population of M. perihirta have been too numerous to have come solely from the cells of M. perihirta; also, the wide range in size of the adults of N. lutea indicated that other insects also served as hosts for this species. Mickel (1928, 1928a) found that D. fulvohirta was a pillager of Anthophora occidentalis Cress. In southern Alberts, the wingless females of D. fulvohirta would be within reach of A. occidentalis while parasitizing M. perihirta, as the vertical clay banks that house A. occidentalis are topped by the prairie into which M. perihirta tunnels. As N. lutea lays its eggs in masses on the phyllaries of the buds of wavy-leaved thistle, Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng., a favourite food source of M. perihirta, and as A. occidentalis also uses C. undulatum as a food source, investigations were conducted in whether A. occidentalis might be one of the principal hosts of N. lutea too.

Since the type male of this species was dcscribed, the following additional material has been determined: Smoky Falls, Mattagami River, Cochrane District, Ont., June 26, 1934, 2 ♂ ; July 1, 3, 1934, 5 ♂, 1 ♀ (G. S. Walley, Canadian National Collection, Ottawa) ; Fort Severn, Hudson Bay, Patricia portion of Kenora District, July 3, 6, 1940, 1 ♂, 3 ♀ (C. E. Hope, Royal Ontario Museum of Zoology, Toronto.

The subfamily Rhizoglyphinae is a group which was reclassified by the Russian Zoologist, A. A. Zakhvatkine, in 1937. As a result of his studies he became convinced that Oudemans' 1923-1932 classification of the Diacotricha was unstable and very artificial.

Following are comments, descriptions, or new information on species of Nearctic Tabanidae, anticipating compilation of a catalog of the family for the region. Also included is a description of a new species from Mexico which may be taken ultimately in the extreme southwestern United States.

Attraction of male Choristoneura spp. to various mixtures of the pheromone components of C. occidentalis Freeman and C. retiniana (Walsingham) released at various rates was evaluated at several sites in western North America. At all but 1 location, male trap capture increased with progressively greater release rates of a 92:8 mixture of (E)- and (Z)-11-tetradecenals (TDALs), previously identified as active components of the attractant pheromone of C. occidentalis. Similarly, trap catch was positively correlated with release rate of an 84:7:8:1 mixture of (E)- and (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetates and (E)- and (Z)-11-tetradecenols (1:0.1 TDACs:TDOLs), previously identified as active components of the attractant pheromone of C. retiniana. All release rates of TDALs attracted only C. carnana (C. occidentalis and C. carnana probably are subspecies of the same species) in the central Sierra Nevada, but in the southern Cascades all but the lowest release rate of TDALs attracted significant numbers of males classified as C. retiniana in addition to those classified as C. occidentalis. At all locations, 1:0.1 TDACs: TDOLs exhibited complete species specificity, attracting only C. retiniana at all release rates tested. The 1:0.1 ratio of TDACs: TDOLs was the most attractive mixture of these components to C. retiniana. Addition of 1:0.1 TDACs: TDOLs did not significantly affect attraction of C. carnana to TDALs. However addition of TDALs significantly decreased attraction of C. retiniana to 1:0.1 TDACs:TDOLs.

Nine species of hymenopterous parasitoids were trapped on sticky traps as they were attracted to red cedar logs infested with the eastern jumper bark beetle, Phloeosinus dentatus (Say). All were successfully reared from infested logs. The parasitoids Cheiropachus arizoninsis (Ashmead), Eurytoma aequabilis Bugbee, Heydenia unica Cook & Davis, and Spathius impus Matthews were reared directly from P. dentatus larvae.

Five species of parasitoids reared from P. dentatus larvae or from infested logs commonly attack the southern pine beetle and Ips spp. beetles, indicating that P. dentatus may be an important alternate host when the other host populations are low.

Post-attack injections of full- and half-strength Silvisar 510 (cacodylic acid) appear to inhibit populations of Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby) more effectively than quarter- and tenth-strength dilutions. Arsenic concentrations in the phloem were highest in the full-strength treatments and progressively decreased in the lesser strength treatments. Arsenic concentrations in the phloem were generally highest just above the frill while concentrations at 20 ft and higher above the frill were significantly lower than those just above the frill. Arsenic concentrations in the needles were highest in the full- and half-strength treatments and decreased progressively in the lesser strength treatments. Concentrations in the needles were essentially equal in the upper and lower portions of the crown. Arsenic concentrations in the soil were not affected by the treatments.

Eight new species of Amblysellus are described and illustrated: A. cereus n. sp. from Guatemala, A. torqus n. sp. and A. excavus n. sp. from Ecuador, A. dedecus n. sp., A. necopinus n. sp., A. copulus n. sp., and A. macularis n. sp. from Mexico, and A. acuerus n. sp. from North America north of Mexico. A key to the known species of the genus is presented.

The genus Masistylum is redescribed. It is recorded for the first time in North America. M. stenommatum n. sp., from the Rocky Mountains of northern British Columbia, is described and figured.

Though the larvæ and life-histories of several species of the Chrysomelid genus Donacia have been described more or less fully by European entomologists, I have been able to find but one such note in American entomological literature. In 1877 Dr. A. S. Packard gave a brief description of the larva and life-history of Donacia cincticornis, Newm., var. proxima, Kby., in the report of the U. S. Geological Survey for that year (p. 806), together with figures of the larva and cocoon (Pl. LXX., figs. 17–19) which he found on the roots of Nuphar advena.

For quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michaux; Salicaceae) the rate of extrafloral (EF) sugar secretion is increased by defoliation and decreased by drought. Although wholesale blocking of EF nectar has been shown to reduce ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) visitation to aspen, the effect of more subtle and realistic variations in nectar availability on ant recruitment is unknown. Working in Alaskan boreal forest (United States of America), we reduced and supplemented EF nectar availability on potted aspen ramets of three genotypes and surveyed visitation by free-living Formica fusca (Linnaeus) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Ants were more responsive to a subtle increase in sugar availability than to a decrease. While nectar reduction had no effect on ant visitation, nectar supplementation increased ant visitation to one aspen genotype by 70% during an early summer trial. Average ant visitation to different aspen genotypes varied during the late summer, indicating that aspen genotype can influence attractiveness to ants. We conclude that natural induction of EF secretion in response to herbivory may benefit aspen through improved ant recruitment, though the response is dependent on aspen genotype and time of year. Differences among aspen genets in attractiveness to ants could influence the relative success of genotypes, especially in settings in which aspen regenerates from seed.