It is difficult to obtain accurate records of the occurrence of bird-lice and especially those associating them with correctly identified hosts. For this reason it is considered the following records of bird-lice, taken from birds in Ontario, may be of interest and should be published.

The collections were made by the author and Messrs. A. A. Wood and D. A. Arnott and one or two other persons. The specimens are in the collection of the Dominion Entomological Laboratory, Chatham, Ontario.

In the following paper descriptions are presented for three apparently undescribed species of Arctocorixa. Notes are included on some additional species and a redescription presented for Corisella tumida (Uhler).

Arctocorixa bicoloripennis n. sp.

Male.—Length 5.75 mm. Form and color pattern simulating A. penniensis Hungfd. but size a little smaller. Head short, vertex from above broadly arcuate continuous with margin of eyes. Width of vertex posteriorly between eyes equal to its median length. Face with a weak concavity extending dorsally slightly beyond lower margin of eyes and with greatest width distinctly less than interocular space. Inner margins of eyes only very slightly diverging ventrally. Post-ocular space narrow. Head with a few fine punctures and a few fine pale hairs, surface minutely coriaceous, shining. Antennae with apical segment slender, two-thirds as long as subapical segment.

Synedoida Mucronata, n. s.

Eyes naked, lashed. Labial palpi with long cylindrical narrow third joint; second joint heavily scaled. Abdomen untufted. Of an inconspicuous fuscous or brownish gray, sprinkled with pale points, markings all concolorous with the wing. The t. p. line is brown and distinct at costa, forming a strong tooth opposite cell, below this it is rounded over median nervules and fainter. Sub-terminal line straight, distinct, even, brown, and well marked. Reniform concolorous, constricted, with pale edging. T. a. line even, slightly arched. A terminal dentate line; fringes brownish. Hind wings sub-pellucid, irridescent whitish, with soiled veins, with vague brownish borders, beneath with dark dots on primaries, which become a clouded spot. Body brownish gray. This species has the form of Mr. Morrison's Tœniocampa vegeta, but is of an ochrey fuscous gray, not at all reddish, or brown with a red tinge. Arizona. Coll. B. Neumoegen, Esq. Expanse 33 mil. Tibiæ apparently unarmed.

The spiny ash sawfly, Eupareophora parca (Cresson, 1880), was discovered in Edmonton in 2003 at the Northern Forestry Centre defoliating planted ash trees (Fraxinus spp.). This represents the first record of this species from Alberta. Observations of adult and larval behaviour and life-history variables such as adult flight, number and duration of larval instars, and overwintering were made. The nature and severity of defoliation was monitored in 2003 and 2004, and large increases were detected in the amount of defoliation per site and the number of sites defoliated between years. The precipitous increase in severity and extent of defoliation indicates the possibility that this species could become a significant urban pest in the province.

An assessment of toxicological responses among the Choristoneura species occidentalis, viridis, and fumiferana indicated that within-species variation in response to acephate may be as large as between-species variation. Studies of C. occidentalis sibling groups suggest that allozyme variation at the second esterase locus may be related to differential sensitivity to acephate. Use of genetic markers to forecast population response in control programs is discussed.

The material upon which this list is based has accumulated since 1900 in the collection of the Montana Experiment Station, and has been collected by workers too numerous to list. However, the basic collection was made by R. A. Cooley at Butte in 1900, and all of the species captured there in two or three nights have not yet been recaptured.

The life history of a tortricid cone moth Choristoneura lambertiana subretiniana Obraztsov in California is described. The larvae feed primarily on staminatc flowers and cones of lodgepole pine although some needle- and tip-mining occurs. The only other recorded host is ponderosa pine.

Eggs are deposited in late July to early August; first-instar larvae migrate from the needles to protected locations on the branches and spin hibernacula. The larvae overwinter predominantly as second-instar larvae in the hibernaculum. They emerge from the hibernacula in April, and mature in four to six weeks. There are six larval instars. The pupal period lasts approximately two weeks; adult emergence begins in mid-July and extends through the end of August.

Eight species of Chironomidae (Diptera), including Cricotopus sp. nr. tremulus, Tvetenia vitracies (Saether), Nanocladius (s.s.) cf. rectinervis (Kieffer), Nanocladius branchicolus Saether, Nanocladius (s.s.) cf. spiniplenus Saether, Paratanytarsus confusus Palmen, Polypedilum (s.s.) convictum (Walker), and Rheotanytarsus sp., are reported for the first time in phoretic association with nymphs of Pteronarcys dorsata (Say) (Plecoptera: Pteronarcyidae). The stoneflies and associated chironomids were found in rivers of central and northern Saskatchewan. Rheotanytarsus sp. and P. convictum were the most common ectosymbionts on P. dorsata. Phoretic larvae were found most frequently attached to the host’s metathorax. Pteronarcys dorsata nymphs may be ideal hosts for phoretic inhabitants because of their abundance, large size, and detrivorous habit.

A nuclear polyhedrosis virus has been isolated from the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens) (Bergold, 1949; Bird, 1949; Bergold, 1951; Bird and Whalen, 1954; Bird, 1959), but no similar virus has been recovered from the jack pine budworm, Choristoneura pinus Freeman. Since these two species are very closely related (Smith, 1953) it was of interest to determine if C. pinus is susceptible to the C. fumiferana virus.

As reported recently by the authors, the third and fourth antennomeres of the antennal club of the bark beetle Dendroctonus vitei Wood (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) possess conoid sensilla clustered inside spherical or bulb-shaped invaginations of the cuticle that resemble geological pit craters. These structures are novel relative to other Dendroctonus Erichson species examined. The morphology and ultrastructure of different sensilla types on the antennal club and within the pit craters of D. vitei are herein described in detail with the aid of light, environmental scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopy. Five types of sensilla were found: fluted, basiconica type I, and trichodea types I, II, and III. The pit craters were composed of clusters of multiporous sensilla basiconica arising from the inner surface of the concavities, and the morphology and ultrasructure of these sensilla are consistent with an olfactory function. The presence of pit craters in the D. vitei on the anterior side of the antennal club is an diagnostic character for this species and an autapomorphy of great taxonomic importance within the Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann species complex.

An account is given of the gross structure and histology of the adult and larval gut of Pentalobus barbatus, with a discussion of the possible function of the gut in relation to its structure.

In the boreal forest of northwestern Ontario, where carpenter ants (Camponotus spp.) construct extensive underground tunnels, few worker ants were seen on the aerial portions of trees containing colonies of the ants or on neighboring trees, even though the trees were infested by large numbers of spruce budworm [Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)] larvae. Immunochemical techniques detected less spruce budworm soluble protein in worker ants from this area than in a laboratory colony that had been fed budworm larvae, or in a colony located in a spruce tree that was surrounded by gravel where the ants were unable to build underground tunnels and instead foraged extensively in the tree crown. This suggests that, in contrast to evidence from western North America, carpenter ants in the boreal forests of northwestern Ontario, and perhaps elsewhere throughout the range of the spruce budworm, are of limited importance as predators of the spruce budworm.

The 10 North American species of Mycetochara Berthold are reviewed. All species are redescribed and one new species, marshalli, is described from California. Former treatments of the species of the genus have considered males and females as separate species. This review associates all known males and females. The following new synonymy is presented: megalops Casey and nigerrima Casey (= fraterna Say); tenuis LeConte, gilipes Casey, and lecontei Borchmann (= foveata LeConte); lugubris LeConte, horni Dury, and davisi Hatch (= analis LeConte); marginata LeConte and longula LeConte (= binotata Say); longipennis Casey (= pubipennis LeConte); and pacifica Casey, nevadensis Casey, crassulipes Casey, downei Hatch, angusta Hatch, malkini Hatch, and caseyi Hatch (= procera Casey).

A key is presented to aid in the identification of the species. The male terminalia are illustrated for all species except haldemani and lata, which are known only from females.

During the month of August, 1935, Mr. W. J. Brown, who accompanied the Arctic trip of the S. S. Nascopie, was enabled to make insect collections at Lake Harbor, on the south coast of Baffin Island.

The only species of Ephemeroptera obtained were two Baetids which were plentiful in both nymphal and adult state and for which definite associations between nymph and adult were secured.

The one species, which occurred in both sexes, bears so much resemblance to Acentrella lapponica Bngtsson. that I am holding it under this name pending an examination of some of the material by Professor Bengtsson. The second species, a typical Baetis, could only be found in the female sex, nor could Mr. Brown, in spite of diligent searching, discover any imales amlongst the mature nymphs in the brook; it would seem that the species was parthenogenetic, at 1east as far as thecycle emerging in August was concerned. On nymphal characters it falls in the bicaudatus group, with the middle tail reduced to a stub, but can at once be separated by the much larger and relatively narrower type of gill. The following description is offered as the species appears to be undescribed.

The spectrum of geographical ranges of species of Odontiinae in North America differs from that of related subfamilies such as Scopariinae, Nymphulinae, Glaphyriinae, Evergestinae and Pyraustinae, though all these subfamilies have wide global ranges. Of 57 species only five are primarily eastern. Of these, three are tropical species that enter southern Florida, one is a northern disjunct closely related to Neotropical species, the fifth is widespread in eastern North America and has no obvious close relatives. Six western species are alpine or subalpine. Three of these belong to one superspecies ranging from Oregon to Baja California, two others are Sierran or Sierra-centered, one is a Colorado disjunct with close relatives in the mountains of Europe and Asia. One additional species is restricted to Colorado; its ecology is unknown but is most likely temperate. There is one restricted temperate species in California and Oregon, one in Utah, and one in northwestern Arkansas. Five primarily western species or species pairs have wide temperate ranges, four of them range south into the tropics. Three of the members of this range class belong to the single genus Frechinia, comprising five of its six species. The remaining 34 species belong to the southwestern eremic class. Of these one is limited to the southwestern Great Basin; 12 are centered in southern California and western Arizona, but two of these are represented in the dry interior of Washington, one by a disjunct population, the other by a vicarious species; 15 are centered in southern Arizona and(or) New Mexico; six are centered in western Texas. There is a comparable development of the subfamily in the arid areas of the Old World, especially in western and central Asia. The relationship between the New World and Old World eremic complexes is probably multiple. It appears to be mainly at the suprageneric level.

Tests of a synthetic insect growth regulator (Altosid SR-10, or Methoprene, Zoecon Corp., Palo Alto, Calif.) have been completed recently at Chalk River Nuclear Laboratories. This paper reports on the effectiveness of this promising material in tests on several species of mosquitoes of this area. The low toxicity to mammals, the relative absence of deleterious effects on non-target aquatic organisms under normal use (Staal 1975), the fact that Altosid is readily biodegradable and is effective at low rates of application would recommend this material for the control of mosquito larvae. Reports in the literature on the use of juvenile hormone-type compounds have dealt mainly with mosquitoes in the southern United States; for example, Schaefer and Wilder (1973) reported on Aedes nigromaculis, A. melanimon, and Culex tarsalis in California. In our tests, we wished to determine its effectiveness on local species and in mosquito breeding pools where temperatures would be lower than in the work mentioned above.

A natural virus epizootic, caused by a nuclear polyhedrosis virus, was observed in several populations of the European skipper, Thymelicus lineola (Ochs .), at Normandin, Que., in 1974 (Smirnoff 1974). A substantial supply of this virus was collected and experiments were conducted under laboratory and field conditions to evaluate its pathogenicity against the skipper, its possible transmission from one generation to the next, and its potential as a means of control of T. lineola, a serious insect pest of forage crops in several regions of Quebec (McNeil et al. 1975).

The cysts sometimes observed in the intestinal cavity of pupae and in the abdominal cavity of adults of Neodiprion swainei Midd. are not typical tumors. No cell proliferations were observed but rather a precipitation of the cells that accumulated and formed a membrane composed of many layers. The cysts appear to result from encapsulation of incompletely lysed or unlysed cells of the midgut epithelium. They are not necessarily the result of a viral infection.

The genera comprising the family Odiniidae (Hendel, 1922) will run to Agromyzidae in the key to families in Curran (1934), but are distinguished from this family by a number of important characters, notably the abdominal structure of the adult and the bucco-pharyngeal skeleton of the larva. Adult Odiniidae have five pregenital abdominal segments in both sexes. The sixth segment of the female is greatly reduced and largely hidden beneath the fifth, and the seventh is membranous and retractile. In Agromyzidae six well-developed pregenital segments are present and the seventh segment of the female is modified as a heavily-sclerotized non-retractile ovipositor. The odiniid larva (Figs. 2, 6.) has a mouth skeleton much like that of the more generalized saprophagous forms (e.g. Drosophila, Piophila, Lucilia) and in no way resembling the highly-specialized structure of Agromyzidae. Species of Odiniidae are pale grey or clay-yellow with the thorax and abdomen conspicuously mottled or vittate with dark brown. The wing is usually spotted, at least on the cross-veins, and the tibiae have a more or less evident preapical dorsal bristle. Because of the abdominal structure, Hennig (1938) considers them more closely related to Chamaemyiidae than to Agromyzidae. The immature stages have mostly been found living in the galleries of wood-boring Coleoptera and Lepidoptera but the adult of Turanodinia Stack, is reported to have been reared from egg-masses of Pseudococcus comstocki Kuw.

Water uptake and embryogenesis were investigated in eggs of Camnula pellucida (Scudd.) kept under a variety of conditions. Under both laboratory and field conditions eggs take in no water for several weeks after oviposition while embryonic growth progresses; then slowly a little water is absorbed as anatrepsis is completed. Following the breaking of diapause by chilling, eggs incubated at 30 °C in the laboratory rapidly take in water; embryonic growth resumes, blastokinesis rapidly takes place, and hatching occurs in about 10 days. In a natural habitat, however, eggs take in most of their required moisture shortly after the snow melts; during this time no embryonic development takes place, presumably because temperatures are too low. As temperatures rise embryonic growth resumes, with hatchlings emerging sooner or later, depending upon seasonal temperatures.

Eggs laid late in the season show little or no embryonic development and most seem unable to survive the winter.