The three closely related species of Euxoa cutworm moths comprising the declarata group gave identical male antennal responses to synthetic C10 to C18 alkenyl derivatives. An extract and a solution of the volatile emissions from E. campestris females when fractionated by gas chromatography yielded a single EAG-active fraction whose elution corresponded to a C10 acetate. The active component was assigned (Z)-5-decenyl acetate based on its mass spectrum and capillary GC retention time and the EAG responses of campestris males to isomeric decenyl acetates. Field trials demonstrated (Z)-5-decenyl acetate attracted males of all three species although it was not as attractive as live females. Attraction was suppressed by (Z)-5-dodecenyl actate, (Z)-7-dodecenyl alcohol, and (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate.

Cases of furuncular myiasis in humans have been reported in the literature from time to time, many of them having been attributed to parasitism by sarcophagid flies. O'Rourke (10) described a case of furuncular myiasis due to Wohlfahrtia vigil (Walk.) in a month-old infant at Ottawa. He reviewed the life-history and distribution of the species and previous records of myiasis cawed by it. Israels and Shuman (4) published an informative general review of myiasis dermatosa. Hunt and Edwards (3) reported a case in a three-month-old infanr at Montreal. This is a report on similar cases that occurred at Lethbridge, Alberta, in 1953 and in 1955 and a review of other records for Western Canada and the United States.

Morphometric analysis of 16 body measurements of migratory and solitary Melanoplus sanguinipes (F.) and M. spretus (Walsh) was used to determine if M. spretus was, in fact, the migratory phase of M. sanguinipes. Migratory M. sanguinipes was found to be more similar to its own solitary phase than to M. spretus. Melanoplus spretus resembled migratory M. sanguinipes, but in 14 comparisons M. spretus differed significantly from both solitary and migratory M. sanguinipes. Despite the potential for environmental variation obscuring differences in morphology, the divergent morphometric characters of M. spretus and the phases of M. sanguinipes appear to justify the status of M. spretus as a true species.

Two new feather mites are described from the Turkey Vulture, Cathartes aura (Linnaeus), in Canada: Ancyralges cathartinussp. nov. (Analgoidea: Analgidae) and Cathartacarus auraegen. nov., sp. nov. (Pterolichoidea: Gabuciniidae). Both species of feather mites have their closest relatives among ectoparasites of the Falconiformes. No species of feather mites related to those which have been found on Ciconiiformes are known to parasitize Cathartidae.

The cold-hardiness of Pissodes strobi (Peck) and of its insect associates in leaders of Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. was tested to determine whether the insect associates could be retrieved free of P. strobi for use in biological control attempts on P. strobi. Leaders were stored at −8, −16, or −26°C for periods from 1 to 14 days. All P. strobi were dead after 14 days at −16°C, whereas their dipteran predator, Lonchaea corticis Taylor, and hymenopteran parasites, Eurytoma pissodis Girault and Rhopalicus pulchripennis (Crawford), continued development after storage at −26°C. The scarcer Dolichomitus terebrans (Ratzeburg) (Ichneumonidae) survived similarly although we did not always find it in our samples; and the equally scarce Bracon pini (Muesebeck) (Braconidae) seemed susceptible to −26°C but continued development at −16°C. Of the few Allodorus crassigaster (Provancher) (Braconidae) obtained one adult emerged after 7 days at −16°C. These results show that in leader clipping operations now used for attempted control of P. strobi, most of the insect associates could be retrieved from the leaders after suitable cold treatment. Additional tests showed that cold-treated leaders could be stored outdoors in temperatures at least down to −20°C with little effect on adult emergence of insect associates. The field testing also showed that few P. strobi in leaders of P. sitchensis can survive overnight temperatures near −20°C.

It has always been presumed that the rabbit tick would not feed on man, and a careful search of the literature fails to show any record of it doing so. Therefore the following incident that occurred during February, 1945, is of interest.

Cucullia umbratica Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Agnippe prunifoliella Chambers (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), and Bryotropha plantariella Tengstrom (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), were significant bycatch in pheromone-based trapping systems for red-striped fireworm, Aroga trialbamaculella Chambers (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), in Nova Scotia, Canada. Cucullia umbratica is a European introduced species and a new macrolepidopteran recorded in continental Canada. The only previous record of this moth in North America was from the Magdalen Islands (Québec, Canada). Potential attractants for B. plantariella, A. prunifoliella, and C. umbratica are a result of this bycatch investigation.

A pair of elytra of the striped flea beetle Phyllotreta striolata (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) was recovered from a sample of sediment dating before 1668 collected in Ville de Québec, Québec, Canada, making it the earliest recorded introduction of the species in North America. It is proposed that its transatlantic voyage took place on crucifers either voluntarily transported as foodstock and animal fodder or involuntarily as weeds.

Micracidini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is an unusual tribe of mainly bigynous bark beetles found in dry forests and scrublands in Afrotropical and Neotropical regions. Their phylogenetic relationship to other bark beetle groups is poorly known with few clues from external morphology. Hence, a phylogenetic analysis of five genes (COI, EF-1a, 28S, CAD, ArgK) and morphological (internal and external) data was conducted to test potential sister group relationships, including 56 outgroup genera in 22 tribes, and 18 species in 10 genera of Micracidini. Cactopinus Schwarz – a genus with many cactus feeding species – was nested within a clade of all Neotropical and Nearctic genera. The New World was colonised by an Afrotropical ancestor about 75–85 million years ago, where cactus feeding in Cactopinus evolved much later. All analyses indicated a paraphyletic clade of Afrotropical micracidines, strongly supporting inclusion of the Ipini genus Dendrochilus Schedl in Afromicracis Schedl. Hypoborini appear to be one of the more plausible sistergroup candidates to Micracidini, and revealed morphological similarity in protibial and proventricular characters. Most phylogenetic results were supported independently by morphological and molecular data and therefore document the power of thorough examination of morphological characters analysed properly in a phylogenetic context.

Wing base characters of taxonomic interest are listed. The morphology of these structures was described in Parts I and II of this series of papers (Sharplin 1963b, c). It is suggested that the presence of a tergopleural apodeme in the mesothorax is a definitive character for the Lepidoptera.

Seven species of Braconidae from southern Canada are described: Colastes polypori and Meteorus betulini from annual bracket fungus Polyporus betulini on birch, Diospilus fomitis from the perennial bracket fungus Fomes fomentarius on birch, and from Dorcatoma dresdensis (Anobiidae) in Ganoderma applanatum, Ichneutes pikonematis from Pikonema alaskensis, Cantharoctonus canadensis from Bucculatrix canadensisella, Hormius tsugae from Pulicalvaria apicitripunctella on hemlock and P. piceaella on spruce, and Microctonus loani from adults of Altica corni, Altica ambiens alni, and Calligrapha philadelphica.

The aggregation pheromone of Pityogenes hopkinsi Swaine was identified; it is a three-component mixture, comprising chalcogran, cis-verbenol, and ethyl dodecanoate. Ethyl dodecanoate is new as a bark beetle pheromone component. Chemical analyses (GC–MS) were made on hindgut extracts from unmated and mated males and mated females collected in the field during colonization of Pinus strobus L. (Pinaceae). Aerations from the naturally colonized logs were also analyzed to quantify the released amounts of the pheromone components, a necessary preliminary step to making up biologically relevant doses for field bioassay. Beetles reared from infested host material in the laboratory were introduced into logs of P. strobus, and the production and release of pheromone components in relation to attack phase and "mating status" were described. In general, unmated males increased their production of chalcogran and ethyl dodecanoate until females were admitted, after which production ceased. A field subtractive bioassay showed that chalcogran was the key pheromone component, synergized by different compounds for the two sexes. Females exhibited their strongest response to a mixture of chalcogran and ethyl dodecanoate, whereas cis-verbenol was the synergist for male response. Male-produced 1-hexanol had an inhibitory effect on male attraction to the aggregation-pheromone blend.

Examination of the types of some species of Aedes has shown that a number of them have been misidentified by later workers. Certain changes of names are unfortunately necessary; these are indicated below. Notes on a few types not involved in this synonymy are included. Descriptions of two new species are also given–one of these has been frequently recorded and described in the literature under the name Aedes impiger (walk.); the other has not previously been described.

Additions of feeding stimulants have been reported to increase the efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis based insecticides (Bartelt et al. 1990). pheast™ (Miller Chemical and Fertilizer Corp., Hanover, Pennsylvania), which derives its trade name from yeast constituents, is one of the most effective feeding stimulants (Farrar and Ridgway 1994). Li and Fitzpatrick (1997) found that the addition of 5% Pheast to B. thuringiensis based insecticides increased the mortality of Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) larvae fed leaves of raspberry plants, Rubus idaeus L. (Rosaceae), treated with these insecticides in the laboratory. We report results from a test of the effectiveness of Pheast when exposed to field conditions and fed to larvae in the laboratory.

Development of P. pallipes, from egg to emerged larva, in the tarnished plant bug lasts 24.49 ± 2.38 days at 25 °C/16 h and 20 °C/8 h and 77 ± 5% R.H. with 16 h illumination.

Eggs of P. pseudopallipes need 72–96 h to hatch under the above-cited regime. At least three distinct larval stages can be recognized without special staining procedures. The first instar larva is a caudate-mandibulate type. The second larval stage is acaudate and lives in the host haemocoele. The third larval stage is also acaudate and emerges from the host. The pupa is an exarate type diapausing in a cocoon. P. pseudopallipes is an arrhenotokous species. The longevity of the adults in the laboratory is about 16 days. The adult oviposits into the host abdomen.

Survival of diapausing pupae is better at 16 h photophase than at 8 h photophase.

Adults of nine species of thrips were collected from canola fields: Aeolothrips fasciatus (L.), Anaphothrips obscurus (Müller), Frankliniella occidentalis (Perg.), Frankliniella tritici (Fitch), Limothrips denticornis Haliday, Odontothrips loti (Haliday), Thrips nr. fuscipennis Haliday, Thrips tabaci Lindeman, and Thrips vulgatissimus Haliday. Of these, F. tritici was the most abundant in the collections and appears to have the greatest potential to be a significant canola pest, followed by T. tabaci and T. vulgatissimus.

Trichocorixella mexicana (Hung.), a corixid, has dextral and sinistral males and bilaterally symmetrical females. The development of this polymorphic form from ovum to adult shows five nymphal instars. Thus, this species must be added to the list of polymorphic Corixidae that have five nymphal instars in their life history.

The use of residual insecticides is increasing in insect control programs. In practice all insects do not receive lethal dosages, possibly because of uneven application of insecticide and the failure of some insects to come in contact with treated surfaces. This study was designed to determine the rate of oviposition of adult females of Tribolium confusum Duv. surviving exposure to DDT residues and to compare this rate with that of unexposed females.

Weed trap-strips on summerfallow were evaluated in Saskatchewan in 1982 and 1983 to determine their effectiveness, the costs and benefits associated with insecticidal treatments of the strips, and their effect on the biotic potential of grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Trap-strips, 10 m wide, containing primarily flixweed [Descurainia sophia (L.)], concentrated grasshopper populations, predominantly 3rd-instar Melanoplus sanguinipes (Fabr.), by as much as 4.9 times the initial field density. Sprays of dimethoate (400 g/ha) were about 20% more effective than bran-bait formulations containing dimethoate (200 g/ha). Unlike the field margins that were adjacent to trap-strips, 3 of the unprotected (no bordering trap-strips) margins required at least 1 insecticidal application to minimize crop damage. Field margins that were adjacent to insecticide-treated trap-strips contained 60–66% fewer egg pods than margins of check subplots. Summerfallowing also reduced egg numbers significantly (35%).

While working at Cedar Lake in Northwestern Ontario in the summers of 1957 and 1958 the author was able to observe the feeding sites of various species of Cinara. Most of the observations were made within an area of a few square miles on either side of Highway 105, between Red Lake Road and Ear Falls, Ontario. This area is fairly typical of the Laurentian Shield, with numerous lakes, rocky ridges, sandy patches, and small bogs. The principal coniferous trees in this locality are black spruce, jack pine, and balsam fir. White spruce, white cedar, white pine, red pine, and common juniper are also present.