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1091 results in Qualitative research methods

Page 28 of 55

Focus Groups for the Social Science Researcher
  • Jennifer Cyr
  • Published online:
    27 March 2019
    Print publication:
    28 March 2019
  • What is a focus group? Why do we use them? When should we use them? When should we not? Focus Groups for the Social Science Researcher provides a step-by-step guide to undertaking focus groups, whether as a stand-alone method or alongside other qualitative or quantitative methods. It recognizes the challenges that focus groups encounter and provides tips to address them. The book highlights three unique, inter-related characteristics of focus groups. First, they are inherently social in form. Second, the data emerge organically through conversation; they are emic in nature. Finally, focus groups generate data at three levels of analysis: the individual, group, and interactive level. The book builds from these three characteristics to explain when focus groups can usefully be employed in different research designs. This is an essential text for students and researchers looking for a concise and accessible introduction to this important approach to data collection.

  • 19 - Development and Applications of Item Response Theory

  • from Part Five - New Statistical Trends in the Social and Behavioral Sciences
  • Edited by John E. Edlund, Rochester Institute of Technology, New York, Austin Lee Nichols
  • Book:
    Advanced Research Methods for the Social and Behavioral Sciences
    Published online:
    22 February 2019
    Print publication:
    14 March 2019, pp 309-327

  • Summary

    Item response theory (IRT) represents an alternative measurement approach to Classical test theory (CTT) that has been developed to address some of the key limitations in CTT. IRT utilizes a logistic function to jointly scale both person characteristics (e.g. ability) and task characteristics (e.g. difficulty) along a common metric, and is grounded upon the notion that different item sets should not result in different scaling solutions. This provides IRT with a number of advantages over CTT; namely that the performances of individuals who are administered different sets of tasks may still be justifiably compared. From this basis, the IRT approach has established its utility through its applications in such varied contexts as adaptive testing, cognitive diagnostic modeling, item difficulty modeling, and latent class analyses. The current chapter focuses on applied issues in measurement with IRT, with emphasis on its distinct advantages over traditional approaches.

  • 2 - Reliability and Validity of Measurement in the Social and Behavioral Sciences

  • from Part One - Performing Good Research
  • Edited by John E. Edlund, Rochester Institute of Technology, New York, Austin Lee Nichols
  • Book:
    Advanced Research Methods for the Social and Behavioral Sciences
    Published online:
    22 February 2019
    Print publication:
    14 March 2019, pp 21-37

  • Summary

    In this chapter, the authors review concepts related to reliability and validity of measurement in the social sciences. Necessarily eschewing detailed reviews of statistical methods to examine reliability and validity of measurement, the authors focus on terse discussion on key concepts and elementary methods. In addition, given the immense literatures on topics the authors could only discuss in brief, the authors point to sources that provide helpful, focused treatments of undiscussed ideas and techniques. Authors conclude that, given reliability and validity of measurement is crucial to perform scientific research, social scientists ought to prioritize establishing evidence for reliability/validity of measurement for social scientists’ measures and experimental methods.

  • 17 - Cross-Cultural Research

  • from Part Four - Emerging Issues in Social and Behavioral Science Research
  • Edited by John E. Edlund, Rochester Institute of Technology, New York, Austin Lee Nichols
  • Book:
    Advanced Research Methods for the Social and Behavioral Sciences
    Published online:
    22 February 2019
    Print publication:
    14 March 2019, pp 274-286

  • Summary

    The chapter begins with a description of the historical roots of comparative research, followed by a description of its spectacular in the last 50 years. The core methodological issues of the field are described: Does an instrument that is administered in different groups or countries constitute and adequate measure of the underlying construct in each application? If so, can we compare scores across groups and countries. A taxonomy of equivalence (similarity of meaning) and bias (presence of nuisance factors) to be considered in comparative studies is described. Special emphasis is given to test adaptations a tool to provide culture-informed measures. The gap between the advanced statistical procedures available to analyze comparative data and the much less advanced level of our theories of cross-cultural similarities and differences is mentioned as a key challenge for the future.

Page 28 of 55