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Often, optical scattering is not quite as random as the transmission matrix implies. One might not have to measure all of its values for a complete picture of light’s input-output behavior. We examin three examples of non-randomness: the optical memory effect, the translation memory effect, and sparsity introduced within a four dimensional ray space.
In this Chapter, we introduce several methods capable of focusing light deep inside scattering media noninvasively, without invasively implanting guide stars. The first method—time-reversed ultrasonically encoded (TRUE) light focusing—uses focused ultrasound as the guide star, and selectively phase-conjugates light whose frequency is acousto-optically shifted. The focal spot size is acoustic-diffraction-limited, and can be further reduced. The second method—time-reversed adapted perturbation (TRAP) light focusing—detects perturbation in the scattered light due to dynamic objects, and focuses by subsequent OPC. This method can reach optical-diffraction-limited focus because the focus tracks the dynamic object. The third method—ultrasonically encoded wavefront shaping (SEWS)—uses focused ultrasound as a guide star, which tags light via the acousto-optic effect as WFS feedback to reach an acoustic-diffraction-limited focal spot size. The last method— photoacoustically guided wavefront shaping (PAWS)—employs nonlinear photoacoustic signals as the feedback for WFS to achieve optical-diffraction-limited focusing .
Learn about the theory, techniques and applications of wavefront shaping in biomedical imaging using this unique text. With authoritative contributions from researchers who are defining the field, cutting-edge theory is combined with real-world practical examples, experimental data and the latest research trends to provide the first book-level treatment of the subject. It is suitable for both background reading and use in a course, with coverage of essential topics such as adaptive optical microscopy, deep tissue microscopy, time reversal and optical phase conjugation, and tomography. The latest images from the forefront of biomedical imaging are included, and full-colour versions are available in the eBook version. Researchers, practitioners and graduate students in optics, biophotonics, biomedical engineering, and biology who use biomedical imaging tools and are looking to advance their knowledge of the subject will find this an indispensable resource.