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This chapter considers how Casulana was perceived by her contemporaries. On the one hand, the epithalamiums she and Caterina Willaert composed for the wedding of William V of Bavaria and Renée of Lorraine (Munich, February 1568) may have been perceived as “feminine,” in that they were likely intended to lend a philogynist and philo-matrimonial ethos to the festivities, and, more generally, to construct an image of the Bavarian court as a refuge of the Muses. On the other hand, the numerous imitations of Casulana’s music show that she was by no means ghettoized by her male peers and that they did not erect a rigid barrier between her music and theirs. Finally, the chapter traces how Casulana’s example came to serve philogynist discourses by being incorporated into the corpus of women exempla in the first decades of the seventeenth century.
Through the concept of the global sound archive, we propose a holistic perspective to study the sound universe accessible through the Internet. This concept refers to a reservoir of extremely heterogeneous, expansive, and unstable sound fixations that include musical expressions, soundscapes, corporeal sounds, voice messages generated through instant messaging apps, podcasts, and many other sonic phenomena. In the development of the article, we describe how agents contribute to this archive, where the sound fixations it contains are hosted, and what its central attributes are. This investigation is informed by concepts of diversity, expansiveness, instability, modularity, and intermediality.1
This chapter delves into Casulana’s family and marital history. It presents evidence that strongly supports the claim that Casulana was originally from Vicenza, and was born in the mid-1530s. She constructed her authorial name from the patronymic of her first Sienese husband, from whom she was separated in 1568, he living in Rome, she in the Veneto region. The name “Mezari” that appears in the sources at the end of her career was that of her second husband from Brescia, whom she likely married in Vicenza in 1579. Casulana probably married for the first time in the early 1550s and was in Siena with two small children during the violent siege that led to the fall of the Sienese Republic. Finally, this chapter places Casulana’s stay in Siena in the context of the currents of philogyny, female literary creativity, and exaltation of women’s heroism that characterized mid-sixteenth-century Sienese society.
This chapter analyzes what constitutes the core of Casulana’s plea for female intellectual excellence: her music. It shows that the stylistic elements that have sometimes been perceived as unusual are fully coherent when placed in the context of the mid-century madrigal. While adhering to a miniature aesthetic, her four-part madrigals of 1568 and 1570 encompass the full range of the arioso style, from the most modest poetic recitations to the most advanced chromatic, modal, and harmonic experiments, including highly theatrical forms of declamation. These stylistic features place her fully within the “nuova maniera,” the “new music” developed not only by Vicentino but also by Monte, Rossetti, Lasso, Rore, Wert, and others during the same period. With her 1583 Primo libro a5, Casulana fully embraces the new hybrid style. She softens the roughness of her earlier manner to develop more radiant and euphonious textures, while also displaying greater contrapuntal inventiveness.
This chapter examines the construction of Casulana’s persona in the late 1560s. It draws on three sources that simultaneously conveyed antagonistic images of Casulana in the public arena: the Dilettevoli madrigali by her student Antonio Molino (1568); “L’Ava di Magagnò,” a poem in Vicenza dialect by Giovanni Battista Maganza (1569); and “A caso un giorno,” a madrigal that Casulana published in her Primo libro a4 (1568). While Molino constructs a poetic and musical image of a morally and intellectually exemplary woman, borrowing his rhetorical strategies from philogynist discourses, Maganza presents Casulana as a hypersexualized body freely available to male desire, implicitly equating her to a courtesan. Casulana, for her part, seizes the semiotic opacity of the music, and perhaps also the sexual freedom that she may have experienced at the time, to offer us one of the rarest representations of female carnal jouissance conceived by a woman in sixteenth-century Italy.
Another scholarly journal has apparently decided that no book should be reviewed by somebody named in the book’s acknowledgements. Margaret Bent has over seventy names in her main list, and she warmly thanks or praises dozens of others in the course of her book, which is a definitive report on the state of play in research on the motet repertory of the years 1300–1420. It is safe to say that nobody who is at all qualified to review the book is omitted. That is partly because Bent has been inviting authorities from across the world to speak at her monthly All Souls seminars for over thirty years, and since the time of the Covid lockdown the seminars have been seen internationally on Zoom, with respondents also from across the world. An astonishing and massive public has contributed to making her book what it is. (Declaration: I am indeed named, but I learnt so much from the book that I feel required to make my statement.)
The aim of this research is to examine student motivation to participate in general music classes. The research involves students aged 10–14 from a general education primary school in Croatia (N = 186). The results indicate that these students were motivated to engage in general music classes; however, a nonlinear decline in motivation was evident as students progressed through the school years. Girls were more motivated to participate in general music classes compared to boys, and students involved in additional musical activities reported higher levels of motivation. Furthermore, listening to music influenced students’ perceptions of general music lessons and was associated with their motivation.
In the 1990s, a protest rock movement developed on the American continent within informational capitalism, the democratisation of information and communication technologies, and the development of transnational social movements that fought against global powers. To complement the interpretations that understand this type of musical practice as a cultural aspect of social movements, or as commodities that obey the imperatives of the market, I use Auslander’s concept of performance to analyse how these protest rock groups deploy political ideologies linked to international leftist struggles, in the space and time of concerts and other types of mediations. Through an interpretive analysis, I identify some spatial, gestural, corporeal, and sound elements used to act out leftist political ideologies.
The 1984 Helsinki Festival introduced Finnish and international audiences to contemporary Soviet composers via what was perhaps the largest repertory of contemporary Soviet music in the West up to that point. The week of concerts did not include any premieres, but several works by Schnittke, Gubaidulina, and Denisov that were performed during the festival were recent compositions that had received only a few performances at that point. And yet, the week was also a compromise, prominently featuring Khrennikov and other conservative composers. This article discusses the context and processes that led to the festival’s realisation and its relation to changes in the Soviet musical world at the time. In the past, Soviet authorities often torpedoed attempts to perform nonconformist works in the West and almost never allowed composers to travel. In Helsinki, Schnittke, Gubaidulina, and several other composers were allowed to attend.
Maddalena Casulana (ca. 1535–ca. 1590) was the first woman to publish music under her own name and one of the first women to speak out publicly against the misogyny in sixteenth-century Italy. This book is the first comprehensive study dedicated to her and provides the first in-depth exploration of her life, work and music. Situating Casulana's pioneering contributions within the broader context of Renaissance music and gender history, the book reveals her as a key figure at the intersection of proto-feminist thought and early modern music. Through reconstructed madrigals, new archival research, and interdisciplinary analysis, this work will appeal to scholars of musicology, gender studies, and Renaissance history, as well as performers interested in reviving historically overlooked musical voices. Casulana's legacy speaks to both academic and contemporary audiences, making her an essential figure in the history of women in music.
This article documents the lives of three female cathedral choristers and the impacts of cathedral choral training on their subsequent lives and careers. The participants reported the acquisition of musical skills such as sight-reading and knowledge of liturgical repertoire as key. Extra-musical skills were also reported, including being organised and flexible, focusing on details, working hard, behaving in a professional manner and taking up leadership roles. In addition to the many positive experiences, the choristers identified a need for targeted pastoral care in their cathedral choral training. Further research needs to investigate the environmental structures and supports in cathedral choirs and the dynamics between conductors and child female choristers.