This chapter begins with an overview of the rural and regional clinical context, and explores the connections that rural mental health practitioners have within rural communities. Models of mental health promotion and service delivery are discussed. The nature of life in rural settings and the ways in which climate and geographical location affect the mental health of people are also considered in the context of mental health resilience and vulnerability. Attention is given to the effects of natural disasters, agribusiness, mining, the itinerant rural workforce and under-employment, and the associated mental health consequences. This chapter discusses some rural community benefits in regard to mental health promotion, such as a deeply felt sense of close social proximity despite significant geographical distances between rural people. After reading this chapter, students will be able to reflect on, and critically think about, the ways in which mental health promotion, well-being and recovery can be enhanced among rural populations.

The different levels of interaction between speramtogenesis and hormonal contraceptive methods are described

As mental health practitioners, we will encounter the broad and diverse range of sexual orientations and gender identities within the people we serve. In this chapter we focus on the cultural diversity of genders and sexualities, and the effects of marginalisation, interpersonal and intimate partner violence and abuse on people’s mental health (Bosse et al., 2018). We describe the ways in which mental health practitioners are able to practise empathically and effectively in gender, diversity, and disclosures of violence and abuse. Throughout the chapter, we will be reading Riley’s story to help us understand how mental health services can be more supportive and accepting of gender and sexual diversity.

Definitions, specific risks, special needs, contraception for transmen and transwomen

Generally, a mainstream understanding of health is applied when mental health (illness) presentations are considered, assessed, and treated using a biomedical Western perspective and standpoint (Wilson & Waqanaviti 2021). This chapter explores mental health through an alternative First Nations lens, that of social and emotional well-being (SEWB). While there is a scarcity of national data that specifically measure the social and emotional well-being of First Nations people, data that are available paint a consistent picture: one of much higher rates of use of mental health services by First Nations people, compared to other Australians (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare [AIHW], 2009).This chapter sets the context for further discussion regarding First Nations people and explores issues relating to social and emotional well-being and mental health. Colonisation and its history are discussed, as well as the subsequent decimation/devastation that followed and continues today. The resilience and struggle that has taken place, along with cultural recognition and renewal, ultimately shapes the present.

Readers of this book will have thought deeply about how to collaborate with and support people with a mental illness, their families and carers. The preceding chapters have given considerable emphasis to a narrative approach. This final chapter discusses leadership, particularly for new entrants into mental health settings.Effective clinical care is person and family centred. It seeks to understand and involve consumers, carers and families in rich discussions about their needs, preferences and values. This understanding and involvement is combined with evidence-based practice to support consumers in their treatment and recovery goals.At the heart of the decision to take this approach has been the fundamental belief in human connectedness. By working through this text, readers have been challenged to think about how and when to move in new ways when working with resilient and vulnerable people, which is helpful across a range of practice settings when seeking to make a difference in the lives of people experiencing a mental illness. While this is important in providing a theoretical and practical basis for care, it is at the point of care that effective leadership is required.

Prevalence of disease, risks, impact on fertility, Medical Eligibility Criteria 3 and 4, advantages, disadvantages, special considerations

Indications, medical methods, mifepriston, misorprostol

Prevalence of disease, risks, impact on fertility, Medical Eligibility Criteria 3 and 4, advantages, disadvantages, special considerations

As mental health practitioners, we will encounter the broad and diverse range of sexual orientations and gender identities within the people we serve. In this chapter we focus on the cultural diversity of genders and sexualities, and the effects of marginalisation, interpersonal and intimate partner violence and abuse on people’s mental health (Bosse et al., 2018). We describe the ways in which mental health practitioners are able to practise empathically and effectively in gender, diversity, and disclosures of violence and abuse. Throughout the chapter, we will be reading Riley’s story to help us understand how mental health services can be more supportive and accepting of gender and sexual diversity.

Prevalence of disease, risks, impact on fertility, Medical Eligibility Criteria 3 and 4, advantages, disadvantages, special considerations

This chapter will discuss the process of positive ageing, the life course, and the changing cultural norms of older people within contemporary society. The chapter will assist nurses to consider and understand how ageism and subsequent stigma and discrimination can impact on the well-being of the older person and their family/loved ones. The multiple losses and associated mental health problems will also be presented. The specific approaches to nursing care required to support human connectedness with older people will also be discussed. Common mental health problems, associated risk factors and considerations for treatment embedded within a recovery approach are explained. The chapter concludes with future issues for this area of specialty nursing practice.

Aetiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, management and treatment options

This chapter explores a range of challenges for students as they learn to apply interpersonal skills within the mental health practicum placement and other non-mental health settings. Exploration of the student’s attitudes, expectations and positive engagement within practice begins the chapter. This is followed by discussion of power relations characterising the therapeutic relationship, including the development of emotional competence. The chapter outlines reflective practice as a critical thinking process and clinical supervision for the beginning mental health nursing student. It explores the importance of developing skills to work within a trauma-informed care and practice framework. How to go about developing objectives for practice, the process of self-assessment and personal problem solving are discussed. Reflection, self in-action and post-placement are explored as they relate to learning in mental health. Throughout this chapter, critical examination of the ethical and political influences on care will be highlighted. This chapter also considers non-traditional opportunities to learn, and the experience of transition programs into mental health nursing.

Aetiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, management and treatment options

This chapter explores the legal and ethical factors that inform mental health nursing, from multiple perspectives. The chapter proposes a legal and ethical framework that promotes human connectedness between the practitioner and people with mental health conditions and their families and whānau. The chapter includes theoretical and practical aspects of working within a legal framework and provides several narratives to bring to life what it means to experience compulsory treatment. It concludes by discussing proposed alternatives to compulsory treatment and a potential future legal framework that embraces a person’s autonomy and human rights. New Zealand – and each Australian state and territory – has its own mental health legislation. Although there are differences between them, they share the essential features of providing for treatment without consent, criteria of danger or risk to self and others, and certain procedural protections. Throughout this chapter we use the term ‘mental health legislation’ to refer to common aspects of the legislation in different jurisdictions.

Pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections, infection, effects, newborn, mother

Prevalence of disease, risks, impact on fertility, Medical Eligibility Criteria 3 and 4, advantages, disadvantages, special considerations