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1175 results in Morphology

Page 19 of 59

An Areal Typology of Agreement Systems
  • Ranko Matasović
  • Published online:
    16 May 2018
    Print publication:
    24 May 2018
  • Surveying over 300 languages, this typological study presents new theoretical insights into the nature of agreement, as well as empirical findings about the distribution of agreement patterns in the world's languages. Focussing primarily on agreement in gender, number and person, but with reference to agreement in other smaller categories, Ranko Matasović aims to discover which patterns of agreement are widespread and common in languages, and which are rather limited in their distribution. He sheds new light on a range of important theoretical questions such as what agreement actually is, what areal, typological and genetic patterns exist across agreement systems, and what problems in the analysis of agreement remain unresolved.

  • 2 - What does Morphology Learn from Relational Adjectives?

  • Mihaela Marchis Moreno
  • Book:
    Relational Adjectives in Romance and English
    Published online:
    18 April 2018
    Print publication:
    19 April 2018, pp 7-13

  • Summary

    As a point of departure for the new approach to relational adjectives, chapter 2 discusses the importance of a theory based on the syntax/morphology interface in contrast to one which regards “words” as belonging solely to the Lexicon. This book intends to show that the composition of relational adjectives represents a clear case of morphology-as-syntax and it presents positive evidence for such an approach. Specifically, I will show that relational adjectives are borderline cases at the interface between derivational and inflectional syntax and they can cast light on the theoretical debate what morphology is or what is the role of morphology in building words. In the next sections I will advocate on the basis of several syntactic tests that a lexicalist approach cannot do justice to the hybrid nature of relational adjectives as both adjectives and nouns.

  • 6 - The Syntax of Thematic Adjectives

  • Mihaela Marchis Moreno
  • Book:
    Relational Adjectives in Romance and English
    Published online:
    18 April 2018
    Print publication:
    19 April 2018, pp 84-100

  • Summary

    This chapter discusses in detail the syntactic properties of Thematic adjectives, the subclass of relational adjectives which are argued to correspond to Thematic arguments of the noun they modify. A thorough analysis of nominalizations in Romance casts more light on the syntactic differences between genitives and Th-adjectives and provides an answer to the ungrammaticality of Th-adjectives with complex event nominals.

  • 9 - The Syntax of Classificatory Adjectives

  • Mihaela Marchis Moreno
  • Book:
    Relational Adjectives in Romance and English
    Published online:
    18 April 2018
    Print publication:
    19 April 2018, pp 151-162

  • Summary

    Chapter 9 analyzes the structure of Cl- adjectives in contrast to Th-adjectives. Unlike Th-adjectives, Cl-adjectives are not arguments of the noun but rather they relate the noun to a domain according to which the NP is classified. Hence, they are restrictive modifiers of the noun. This is highlighted on the basis of several tests, i.e., they do not correspond to genitives, are predicative, can occur with the demonstrative article cel and correspond to de modifier phrases in Romance. In the light of all this I propose that a restrictive relative clause stands for the Classificatory adjective that is the right sister of nominal head (NP) with which it forms a complex lexical unit.

  • 1 - Introduction

  • Mihaela Marchis Moreno
  • Book:
    Relational Adjectives in Romance and English
    Published online:
    18 April 2018
    Print publication:
    19 April 2018, pp 1-6

  • Summary

    Chapter 1 presents the importance of the study of relational adjectives at the syntax-morphology interface and the challenges imposed by the phenomenon of transpositions (i.e. the case of words which have the semantic interpretation of a certain category while exhibiting the formal properties of another one) for the morphological theories.

  • 8 - Thematic Adjectives and Nominalizations

  • Mihaela Marchis Moreno
  • Book:
    Relational Adjectives in Romance and English
    Published online:
    18 April 2018
    Print publication:
    19 April 2018, pp 112-150

  • Summary

    Chapter 8 investigate the type of nominals Th-adjectives combine with, showing the aspectual properties of these nouns, the inherent properties of the verbal base, and the inherent semantic properties of the nominalizing suffixes, i.e., the presence or absence of aspectual properties of these nouns. Importantly, the results of the test presented in this section will provide sufficient evidence for or against Hypothesis 1 put forth in section (6.1), which argues for a correlation between Genitives and Th-adjectives.

  • 3 - Ontological Semantics: Qualifying versus Relational Adjectives

  • Mihaela Marchis Moreno
  • Book:
    Relational Adjectives in Romance and English
    Published online:
    18 April 2018
    Print publication:
    19 April 2018, pp 14-29

  • Summary

    This chapter represents a digression from the main topic of the book since computational approaches within the framework of ontological semantics go not only beyond the scope of this book but also beyond my own expertise. Nevertheless, I believe that my approach will benefit a great deal from a consideration how ontological semantics which is a complex approach to the treatment of text meaning by computer, deals with cases of mismatches between the morphological form and the semantic interpretation such as in the case of relational adjectives. Specifically, I will refer to Raskin and Nirenburg’s work on adjectives in the context of ontological semantics in the late 1990s. The crucial question to ask here is how natural language processing (NLP) applications deal with cases of underspecification, that is, how they are able to cut the number of candidate solutionswn to one when, in fact, several candidates share the same semantic information, being only underspecified for one or more syntactic features.

  • 5 - The Morpho-syntactic Analysis of Relational Adjectives

  • Mihaela Marchis Moreno
  • Book:
    Relational Adjectives in Romance and English
    Published online:
    18 April 2018
    Print publication:
    19 April 2018, pp 57-83

  • Summary

    A morpho-syntactic analysis of relational adjectives is provided in chapter 5 where I bring evidence for the denominal nature of relational adjectives (cf. Fábregas 2007 and Alexiadou & Stavrou to appear). I argue that the underlying nominal structure of relational adjectives is minimal on a par with Borer’s default structure that is underspecified for the mass-count distinction. Specifically, relational adjectives syntactically correspond to bare plurals/mass nouns in Romance but with a reduced structure. That is, in the absence of plural morphology and atomic reading, the NumberP is not realized in the structure of relational adjectives. Thus, as a default, all relational adjectives are interpreted as mass/underspecified nouns, but like bare nouns in Romance, they can be either arguments or modifiers. However, due to the different syntactic behaviour of Th- and Cl-adjectives, this chapter shows that they are amenable to different morpho-syntactic structures, i.e., Th-adjectives correspond to bare nouns arguments that are DPs in Romance while Cl-adjectives correspond to bare nouns which act as restrictive modifiers

  • 10 - Relational Adjectives as Compounding

  • Mihaela Marchis Moreno
  • Book:
    Relational Adjectives in Romance and English
    Published online:
    18 April 2018
    Print publication:
    19 April 2018, pp 163-187

  • Summary

    Chapter 10 provides a novel perspective on the morpho-syntactic status of relational adjectives in Romance. The central idea of this part is that, on the basis of Bisetto & Scalise’s (2005) classification of compounds, relational adjectives in Romance correspond crosslinguistically to two types of compounding, i.e., Thematic adjectives to subordinate compounds while Classificatory adjectives to attributive ones.

Relational Adjectives in Romance and English
  • Mismatches at Interfaces
  • Mihaela Marchis Moreno
  • Published online:
    18 April 2018
    Print publication:
    19 April 2018
  • In both Romance and English literature, relational adjectives have received special attention due to their apparently idiosyncratic behaviour, as both nouns and adjectives at the same time. Stepping away from the usual analyses that concentrates generally on their noun-like properties, this pioneer work explains their peculiar behaviour that has so far represented a challenge for current morphological theories. Mihaela Marchis Moreno takes an empirical approach to their distribution, and the syntactic and semantic conditions that govern their use. Drawing upon key findings from previous literature she proposes a new model of how relational adjectives work both cross-linguistically, and across the various interfaces of language.

Page 19 of 59