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In the patriotic aftermath of Pearl Harbor, African Americans demanded the right to play their part in the war against Japan. As they soon learned, however, the freedom for which the United States and its allies was fighting did not extend to African Americans. Focusing on African Americans' experiences across the Asia-Pacific theater during World War Two, this book examines the interplay between national identity, the racially segregated US military culture, and the possibilities of transnational racial advancement, as African Americans contemplated not just their own oppression but that of the colonized peoples of the Pacific region. In illuminating neglected aspects of African American history and of World War Two, this book deepens our understanding of the connections between the United States' role as an international power and the racial ideologies and practices that characterized American life during the mid-twentieth century.
The damaging impact of the armies continued through the spring and summer of 1865, even after the war officially ended, as the disbanding armies took resources from civilians. In the first months of defeat, some pro-Confederate whites admitted that the rebel army did them harm, but that moment passed to be replaced by the Lost Cause mythology. Its tenets included the false notion that only the Union army damaged the region, with a particular demonization of William T. Sherman, and the equally false notion that all white Southerners supported the Confederacy. The collective memory did not reflect accurately the actual experience of war. Historians are still coming to terms with the complexity of the South's wartime experience.
In 1864, the cumulative effect of the armies' conduct became clear, as the civilians experienced famine and starvation; widespread deforestation; and further loss of the built habitat. Pro-Confederate whites finally began to break with the rebel cause. Strange, uncanny events involving the material world became commonplace.
Both armies seized food from white civilians, and they rarely followed military policy when they did so. Some whites were initially eager to share their bounty with the troops, but as food shortages appeared, they began to resist both armies. Serious food shortages appeared all over the South, and whites began to exhibit the behavior of ravenous people everywhere--food riots, food theft, the consumption of foods previously considered unfit for human consumption.