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26946 results in Economic history

Page 152 of 1348

  • The Advantage of Being Swiss: Nestlé and Political Risk in Asia during the Early Cold War, 1945–1970

  • Pierre-Yves Donzé
  • Journal:
    Business History Review / Volume 94 / Issue 2 / Summer 2020
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    04 August 2020, pp. 373-397
    Print publication:
    Summer 2020
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  • Multinational enterprises faced new political risks after World War II in the context of decolonization and the Cold War. The risks were particularly high in Asia between 1945 and 1970. Although the relevant literature has focused essentially on organizational innovation and strategic choices in explaining how firms dealt with these new political risks, this article explores the informal roles that governments of small, neutral countries played in supporting their multinationals abroad. Looking at the case of Nestlé in Asia, the article argues that the backing of the Swiss federal authorities was crucial for the company to overcome various kinds of risks and ensure a long-term presence in the region.

  • BHR volume 94 issue 2 Cover and Back matter

  • Journal:
    Business History Review / Volume 94 / Issue 2 / Summer 2020
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    20 August 2020, pp. b1-b2
    Print publication:
    Summer 2020
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  • The Changing and Flexible Nature of Imitation and Adulteration: The Case of the Global Wine Industry, 1850–1914

  • Teresa da Silva Lopes, Andrea Lluch, Gaspar Martins Pereira
  • Journal:
    Business History Review / Volume 94 / Issue 2 / Summer 2020
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    20 August 2020, pp. 347-371
    Print publication:
    Summer 2020

  • The first wave of globalization, from 1850 to 1914, is considered to be a period when global trade and investment increased at a steady pace, impacting on global economic growth. Yet that evolution was not consistent across all industries. This article explains why, during that period, global trade in wines and other alcoholic beverages was reversed. Apart from diseases that affected vineyards in the main wine-producing countries of the Old World, various factors in the New World—including local government incentives and the presence of consumers (immigrants) with acquired habits of consumption from European countries—created strong incentives for the imitation and adulteration of wines. This study looks at the strategies used both by the imitators in expanding their businesses and by the innovators to survive in institutional environments that were weak with regard to the protection of their intellectual property.

  • Editors' Note

  • Journal:
    Business History Review / Volume 94 / Issue 2 / Summer 2020
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    20 August 2020, p. 285
    Print publication:
    Summer 2020
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Feeding the People
  • The Politics of the Potato
  • Rebecca Earle
  • Published online:
    25 June 2020
    Print publication:
    25 June 2020
  • Potatoes are the world's fourth most important food crop, yet they were unknown to most of humanity before 1500. Feeding the People traces the global journey of this popular foodstuff from the Andes to everywhere. The potato's global history reveals the ways in which our ideas about eating are entangled with the emergence of capitalism and its celebration of the free market. It also reminds us that ordinary people make history in ways that continue to shape our lives. Feeding the People tells the story of how eating became part of statecraft, and provides a new account of the global spread of one of the world's most successful foods.

  • Conclusions - Parmentier, Peasants and Personal Responsibility

  • Rebecca Earle, University of Warwick
  • Book:
    Feeding the People
    Published online:
    25 June 2020
    Print publication:
    25 June 2020, pp 202-212

  • Summary

    Events, including the encouragement to eat potatoes, are best understood when they are seen as part of larger sets of ideas, rather than as singularities. The pan-European potato vogue reflected the new political importance that eating acquired during the Enlightenment, as politicians and philosophers began to link individual diets to the strength and wealth of nations. They framed this debate within a language of choice and the individual pursuit of happiness. The connections between everyday life, individualism and the state forged in the late eighteenth century, of which the history of the potato’s emergence as an Enlightenment super-food forms a part, continue to shape today’s debates about how to balance personal dietary freedom with the health of the body politic. The potato’s history also reminds us not to overlook the contributions of small-scale agriculture to the larger history of innovation and change. Recognising peasant contributions to the history of the potato is not simply a matter of historical justice. It is also relevant for our future. Biodiversity is today identified as an essential component of both long-term environmental sustainability and global food security.

  • Chapter 6 - Security Potatoes

  • Rebecca Earle, University of Warwick
  • Book:
    Feeding the People
    Published online:
    25 June 2020
    Print publication:
    25 June 2020, pp 168-201

  • Summary

    From 1900 the potato began to regain its lustre as a political instrument. Developments within nutritional science led dieticians to reverse their earlier condemnations. This reversal coincided with an increase in the capacity of modern states to influence everyday eating habits. The First and Second World Wars were particularly important in developing the technologies and institutions that made this possible. Concerned to provide for the wartime needs of their populations, European governments actively encouraged potato consumption. Nonetheless, the economic development models that emerged in the post-war years paid little attention to potatoes. Only recently has smallholder agriculture been incorporated into international models of food security. Just as the peasant know-how that spread potato cultivation across early modern Europe remained largely invisible, so the smallholder expertise that allowed the potato to preserve its genetic diversity has only begun to be appreciated by international development organisations. Potatoes have also become a source of gastronomic pride; many countries have registered specific varieties as part of their national patrimony. The contemporary history of the potato recapitulates both the eighteenth-century conviction that potatoes could play a role in national security, and also the reality that small farmers, as well as agronomists, possess expertise relevant to building a viable food system.

Page 152 of 1348