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11366 results in Ancient philosophy

Page 136 of 569

  • Chapter 10 - Galen and Middle Platonists on Dialectic and Knowledge

  • Edited by Thomas Bénatouïl, Université de Lille, Katerina Ierodiakonou, Université de Genève
  • Book:
    Dialectic after Plato and Aristotle
    Published online:
    26 October 2018
    Print publication:
    15 November 2018, pp 320-349

  • Summary

    Three senses of ‘dialectic’ can be discerned in Galen's works (section 10.1): (1) Dialectic as logic, i.e., analysis and techniques of arguments. (2) Dialectic as a part of logic that focuses on certain kinds of arguments characterized by the status of their premisses, which are different from scientific ones. (3) Dialectic as the analysis of names or words and their meanings in ordinary language. Galen’s account of logic and dialectic presents similarities and differences with Alcinous' and Alexander, but is distinctively connected to his views about the epistemic status of medicine. Section 10.2 focuses on Galen’s discussion of Aristotle’s eternalist cosmology, in book 4 of his lost treatise On Demonstration. It is similar to that of the Platonist Atticus but highly original: it can be seen as a discussion pro et contra the eternity of the cosmos, showing the fallacies of speculative knowledge. The third section focuses on Galen’s account of common notions and definitions. It is compared with that of Stoic and Platonist philosophers. Once again, Galen’s account appears to be distinctively connected to his views about the characteristics and scope of scientific knowledge.

  • Chapter 1 - Megara and Dialectic

  • Edited by Thomas Bénatouïl, Université de Lille, Katerina Ierodiakonou, Université de Genève
  • Book:
    Dialectic after Plato and Aristotle
    Published online:
    26 October 2018
    Print publication:
    15 November 2018, pp 17-46

  • Summary

    Though it also tackled issues corresponding to those handled by philosophy of language, linguistics, grammar and epistemology, Stoic dialectic was roughly the counterpart of what we call ‘logic’ today. Despite the enormous influence that Aristotle’s logic was to exert until close to our own time, it seems to have had no impact on the Stoics, who instead drew inspiration from an independent tradition whose roots can be traced back to the fifth-century practice of dialectic, reflection about which set in train the developments that eventually gave rise to Stoic dialectic. Evidence about the Stoics' precursors, frequently referred to as ‘dialecticians’, is scarce, however. The traditional view, recently challenged, holds that they belonged to a so-called Megaric school of philosophy. This chapter aims to see what can discovered about these shadowy figures and their contributions. Part of its burden is to urge caution about the question of their school affiliation.

  • 1 - Introduction

  • Edited by Peter E. Pormann, University of Manchester
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Companion to Hippocrates
    Published online:
    31 October 2018
    Print publication:
    08 November 2018, pp 1-24
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Page 136 of 569