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11366 results in Ancient philosophy

Page 122 of 569

Language and Nature in the Classical Roman World
  • Edited by Giuseppe Pezzini, Barnaby Taylor
  • Published online:
    05 June 2019
    Print publication:
    20 June 2019
  • A familiar theme in Greek philosophy, largely due to the influence of Plato's Cratylus, linguistic naturalism (the notion that linguistic facts, structures or behaviour are in some significant sense determined by nature) constitutes a major but under-studied area of Roman linguistic thought. Indeed, it holds significance not only for the history of linguistics but also for philosophy, stylistics, rhetoric and more. The chapters in this volume deal with a range of naturalist theories in a variety of authors including Cicero, Varro, Nigidius Figulus, Posidonius, and Dionysius of Halicarnassus. The result is a complex and multi-faceted picture of how language and nature were believed to interrelate in the classical Roman world.

Death and Immortality in Ancient Philosophy
  • A. G. Long
  • Published online:
    30 May 2019
    Print publication:
    13 June 2019
  • Death and immortality played a central role in Greek and Roman thought, from Homer and early Greek philosophy to Marcus Aurelius. In this book A. G. Long explains the significance of death and immortality in ancient ethics, particularly Plato's dialogues, Stoicism and Epicureanism; he also shows how philosophical cosmology and theology caused immortality to be re-imagined. Ancient arguments and theories are related both to the original literary and theological contexts and to contemporary debates on the philosophy of death. The book will be of major interest to scholars and students working on Greek and Roman philosophy, and to those wishing to explore ancient precursors of contemporary debates about death and its outcomes.

  • Chapter 11 - Political Animals and Human Nature in Aristotle’s Politics

  • from Part IV - Aristotle’s Political Anthropology
  • Edited by Geert Keil, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Nora Kreft, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
  • Book:
    Aristotle's Anthropology
    Published online:
    27 May 2019
    Print publication:
    30 May 2019, pp 221-237

  • Summary

    The claim that human beings are by nature political animals is one of the most fundamental of Aristotle’s Politics, and, understandably, it has received a lot of attention.1 One very interesting, and fruitful, trend has appealed to the biological works to illuminate this famous thesis.2 This strategy has brought to light a broad conception of politicality which is exhibited by humans and other gregarious animals, including bees, wasps, ants, and cranes.3 As scholars have rightly emphasised, political animals in the broad sense collectively pursue a common end via a differentiation of roles or tasks. Different broadly political species have different common ends. Bees promote the good of the hive, wasps that of the nest, and so on. Nonetheless, every broadly political species has a shared end – really, a shared way of life – that all of its members promote in different ways. This is true of humans, although their way of life specifically involves forming and sustaining poleis, which makes them political in another, narrower, sense as well.4

  • Chapter 7 - Aristotle on the Anthropological Difference and Animal Minds

  • from Part II - Human Nature in the Light of Aristotle’s Biology
  • Edited by Geert Keil, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Nora Kreft, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
  • Book:
    Aristotle's Anthropology
    Published online:
    27 May 2019
    Print publication:
    30 May 2019, pp 140-160

  • Summary

    Aristotle did not deal with anthropological topics under that name. Small wonder, since that label was only coined in the sixteenth century. Nor did he devote a specific treatise to what we would nowadays call philosophical anthropology. But the impact of his writings on biology and the philosophy of mind have been second to none. At a methodological level, Aristotle’s essentialist metaphysics and the ensuing doctrines of definition and taxonomy (‘Porphyrian tree’) have provided the most important paradigm for anthropology’s endeavour to determine the nature of human beings. This quest immediately leads on to the two central problems of anthropology down the ages. On the one hand, there is the question of

Page 122 of 569