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This chapter addresses the theme of ‘Death and Burial’, focussing on what little is known about prestigious burials in Roman churches, including various popes and the emperor Otto II.
A historical overview of Rome’s political, economic, and social history between 900 and 1000. The first six decades are dominated by four generations of the ‘House of Theophylact’, lay magnates who control the papacy, restore the Roman economy, and provide the principal source of patronage; and the final four decades by the Saxon emperors, Otto I, Otto II, and Otto III, who vie with the Roman aristocracy for control of both the city and the papacy.
This chapter examines visual evidence for the cult of the saints, with a focus on murals in S. Clemente and S. Maria Antiqua, and sculpture in S. Maria in Aventino.
An introductory examination of written texts dealing with the tenth century, focussing on Liutprand of Cremona and Benedict of Monte Soratte. These constitute our principal historical sources in the absence of Liber pontificalis entries for this century.
An examination of the role of monasticism in material culture, especially following the important role of Odo of Cluny in introducing the Benedictine rule to Roman monasteries. Examples covered include mural paintings in the churches of S. Maria Antiqua and S. Saba, and the silver covers of a Gospels manuscript created for the convent of SS. Ciriaco e Nicola.
Of all the material culture of the Islamic World prior to the sixteenth century, only ceramics survive in a way which forms a continuous representative visual history. As such, ceramics provide a unique collection of material from which to study the history of technology. The main technological developments associated with glazed Islamic ceramics were the introduction of tin-opacified glazes, stonepaste bodies, and an extended range of colorants. For each of these developments, consideration is given to the reasons why new technologies were introduced, from where the ideas for the new technologies originated, and why particular technological choices were made. In addition, brief consideration is given both to the very different glaze technologies employed in contemporary China, and to the subsequent spread of the glazed Islamic technology into Western Europe.