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106462 results in European studies

Page 24 of 5324

  • ‘For me, it was life-changing’: the Italian contact zone of occupation and the encounter with otherness in oral history recollections

  • Fabio Simonetti
  • Journal:
    Modern Italy , First View
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    21 November 2025, pp. 1-15
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  • This article examines the experiential and perceptual environment in which social encounters between soldiers and civilians occurred in Allied-occupied Italy (1943–45) and its enduring impact on the lives of those who experienced it. It does so by applying Mary Louise Pratt’s theoretical framework of the ‘contact zone’ to the case of occupied Italy and by exploring it through the lens of oral history sources. The critical analysis of interviews with Antonio Taurelli, an Italian teenager in 1944 who fought with American soldiers, and Harry Shindler, a British veteran who married an Italian woman during the war, sheds light on how ordinary individuals shaped their own experience of occupation within the contact zone as well as on the life-changing impact of their encounters with ‘otherness’. This article aims to contribute to our understanding of the social experience of the Allied occupation of Italy and the impact of military-civilian encounters in occupation environments more broadly.

  • Marrying the occupiers: Italian war brides and GIs during the Allied occupation of Italy

  • Silvia Cassamagnaghi
  • Journal:
    Modern Italy , First View
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    21 November 2025, pp. 1-14
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  • During the Second World War, Allied-occupied Italy became the setting for a wide range of intimate encounters between local women and the occupiers, especially American soldiers. These relationships – ranging from romantic and consensual to transactional and coercive – reflected complex interactions with perceived ‘otherness’ and exposed tensions around race, gender, and power. US authorities, concerned about its social, cultural, and political implications, monitored ‘fraternisation’ closely. This article explores these dynamics by examining US Army marriage regulations and oral history interviews with Italian women who married American soldiers. Women’s experiences – shaped by region, class, and individual circumstance – represent a spectrum ranging from disillusionment to long-term partnership. These narratives offer a complex portrait of gender relations under occupation, revealing how military policy also intersected with and shaped the everyday lives of women during occupation.

Russia's War on Ukraine
  • The Four Roots of Putin's Invasion
  • Taras Kuzio, Michał Wawrzonek
  • Published online:
    20 November 2025
    Print publication:
    04 December 2025
  • Understanding why Russia invaded Ukraine in 2014 and 2022 is vital for preparing for what may come next. This groundbreaking book is the first to provide an interdisciplinary study of the first full-scale war in Europe since 1945, which is having global ramifications on interstate relations, international law, international organisations, energy questions and economies. Written by two leading scholars of Ukrainian and Russian politics and history, and based on extensive field work and primary sources, the book moves beyond established Western ideas about Russia to show that Russian military aggression against Ukraine is domestically, not externally, driven. The authors analyse the statements and policies of the Russian leadership under Putin, Russia's post-communist political culture and Russia's understanding of itself as a civilisation without borders. Imperial nationalism, nostalgia, Russia's divergent identity and political system to Ukraine's, and Kremlin anti-Western xenophobia are the key elements underlying Russian aggression.

  • 3 - Stalin’s Political Delusions and Military Preparations for War with Nazi Germany

  • from Part I - Conceptions of War
  • Edited by David Stahel, University of New South Wales, Canberra
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Companion to the Nazi-Soviet War
    Published online:
    13 November 2025
    Print publication:
    20 November 2025, pp 45-64

  • Summary

    Iosif Stalin, along with Adolf Hitler and Mao Zedong, constituted the Big Three dictators of the twentieth century who decisively swayed the course of world history. As is the case with all tyrants, hubris was the underlining feature of Stalin’s rule. As a Marxist, he firmly believed in the inevitability of the demise of capitalism and the ultimate triumph of socialism. As a Bolshevik, he emphatically advanced his mission of spreading war and revolution abroad and defeating world imperialism once and for all. By means of disinformation, subversion, and camouflage, Stalin covertly and openly challenged the liberal world order dominated by Britain, France, and the United States. His defiance found common political ground with his nemesis Adolf Hitler, as seen in the infamous Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact (Nazi-Soviet Pact of Non-Aggression) in August 1939. Ultimately, however, Stalin’s hubris blinded him to Hitler’s cunning, resulting in the humiliating and devastating betrayal of June 1941 (Operation Barbarossa). It was also Stalin’s hubris, however, that drove the country to victory over Nazi German, at unimaginable human and material costs.

  • 11 - Operation Bagration, 1944

  • from Part III - Campaigns
  • Edited by David Stahel, University of New South Wales, Canberra
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Companion to the Nazi-Soviet War
    Published online:
    13 November 2025
    Print publication:
    20 November 2025, pp 190-206

  • Summary

    After a year of advance following the failed summer 1943 German offensive at Kursk, the Soviet High Command decided on a renewed assault against Germany’s Army Group Centre in Belarus. After successful deception operations, in June 1944 the massive Soviet operation Bagration overwhelmed the outmanned and outgunned troops of Army Group Centre by combining masses of men and material with partisan activity to prevent German evacuation or reinforcement. Within weeks, the German position had collapsed and Soviet forces raced west into Poland. Combined with the Western allies’ landings in Normandy, Bagration convinced many in the German High Command that the war was lost, and Hitler’s assassination was the only hope to salvage acceptable peace terms. The headlong Soviet advance reached the Vistula River, triggering an attempt by the Polish Home Army resistance to seize power in Warsaw ahead of Soviet occupation. The Soviet advance ground to a halt on the east bank of the Vistula, and Hitler’s forces systematically crushed Polish resistance.

Page 24 of 5324