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Conflict-related sexual violence and the rights of female victims have received scholarly attention, but the same cannot be said of post-conflict rejection and re-victimization of the victims and the violation of their rights. This article examines the rejection and re-victimization of the returnee victims / survivors of Nigeria’s Boko Haram’s sexual terrorism. It discusses how this violates their fundamental human rights as contained in various UN conventions and other legal frameworks. Relying on a legal-doctrinal approach, it examines these violations and the difficulty in enforcing such rights. Findings reveal that these human rights violations continue through the rejection and re-victimization of victims / survivors by family and community members. Despite these obvious rights violations, it has been difficult to seek legal redress for enforcing such rights due to the absence of political will on the part of the government.
Access to justice for many Kenyans remains a challenge due to the infrastructural and geographic reach of court services throughout the country. This recent development paper presents a spatial proximity analysis that quantifies the distribution of Kenya’s population proximate to the nearest court as an illustrative indicator of access to justice. The results estimate that about 3.5 per cent (1.7 million) of Kenya’s population reside more than 100 kilometres to the nearest physical courthouse, with the average distance to the nearest court per person being 22 kilometres. These considerable travel distances create significant barriers to justice, especially for rural populations, which are further aggravated by limited access to information and low levels of legal literacy. The paper concludes by discussing the current approaches, such as leveraging information and communication technologies, to expand access to court services, improve case information availability and ultimately enhance last-mile justice delivery for Kenyans living in remote regions.
In the early 1960s, British colonial administrations in East Africa organized the systematic destruction and removal of secret documents from colonies approaching independence. The Colonial Office in London arranged the deposit of these documents in high security facilities, where they remained inaccessible until 2011 following a compensation suit by Kenyan survivors of British colonial rule against the Foreign and Commonwealth Office. Curating the Colonial Past presents the first full length exploration of these 'migrated archives', chronicling the struggle between British attempts to conceal and Kenyan efforts to reveal evidence of the colonial past. Neither displayed nor destroyed, Riley Linebaugh explores how these records formed an archival limbo in which the British government delayed moral and legal judgement of empire. Yet, these practices did not go unchallenged. Linebaugh demonstrates how disputes over the 'migrated archives' facilitated the continuation of anticolonial sovereignty struggles beyond independence, struggles which persist into the present.