Responding to the lack of an agreed contemporary legal definition of the ‘human right to resist’, this chapter compares definitional treatments in ordinary construction with those in legal construction, identifying two related problems of conflation in contemporary term usage. It explains the term’s distinction from antecedent concepts such as the exceptio tyrannoctonos or exception of lawful tyrannicide, and from corroborative concepts including the lex generalis or ordinary ‘right of (peaceful) assembly’ and ‘right to protest’ in human rights law, ‘resistance movements’ in international humanitarian law, and ‘insurgent’ or ‘belligerent’ status in customary international law. It also clarifies the conceptual relationship between the ‘right to resist’ and its cognate terms – the ‘right to oppose’, ‘right to disobey’, ‘right to rebel’, and ‘right of revolution’ – identifying both points of differentiation and a ‘common core’. It finally proposes a consolidated contemporary working definition of the superordinate term ‘right to resist’.

Fludrocortisone acetate (9α-fluoro-11β,17α,21-trihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,10-dione 21-acetate) is a synthetic adrenal steroid. It has a molecular weight of 422.5 and a molecular formula of C23H31FO6.

This chapter of the handbook examines the sanctioning doctrines within Anglo-American criminal law and explores similarities and differences between criminal blame and ordinary social blame. The chapter explores the legal notion of actus reus in the context of intended but incomplete transgressive conduct, the distinction between intended and unintended outcomes, as well as questions of recklessness and the role of a transgressor’s character in ordinary and legal blame. It also explores the possibility that a fundamental human motivation to punish those with bad character can influence perceptions of legal questions such as consciousness of risk. Intuitions about the role of moral character in legal blame have produced legal rules restricting the consideration of prior misdeeds. At the same time, these rules and their interpretation ultimately rest on political and moral judgments, rather than psychological insights. The chapter concludes by briefly exploring some remaining questions of criminal law and intuitive blame, such as the role of cultural commitments on motivations to impose legal blame.

Chapter 8 is focused on mapping, a method most widely used in geography with great potential to be useful in other disciplines to explore adolescents’ lives, daily routines and contexts. Ethical considerations are relevant as maps can reveal locations of participants which may be a threat to their identity and safety. A tool effectively used to enable and promote civic engagement and community change, mapping also has great potential.

Amitriptyline hydrochloride (3-(10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene-5-ylidene)-N,N-dimethylpropan-1-amine; hydrochloride) has a molecular weight of 313.9 and a molecular formula of C20H23N,HCl. Amitriptyline is usually given as the hydrochloride and doses are expressed in terms of this salt. Amitriptyline hydrochloride 75 mg is equivalent to about 66.3 mg of the base.

This chapter of the handbook inspects the relationship between antisociality and morality from the dual perspectives of moral psychology and moral neuroscience. The authors provide a comprehensive overview of research on the moral cognition of different types of antisocial individuals. Based on their review of the research, they suggest that the capacity for moral reasoning in psychopathy is less defective than generally assumed. While the propensity of psychopathic individuals to engage in immoral behavior is due largely to affective deficits, it also stems from dysfunction in the neural circuitry underlying moral decision making. This simple narrative, however, is complicated by the fact that there is no single explanation of the immoral behavior exhibited by the full range of antisocial individuals. For example, while dysfunction in the neural circuitry of moral decision making may account for the immoral behavior of individuals with primary psychopathy and individuals prone to proactive aggression, it is less apt for explaining similar behavior by individuals with secondary psychopathy and a propensity for reactive aggression.

In Chapter 1, we provide an introduction for the present book. First we present our take on language and politics, by outlining how and why our bottom-up, strictly language-anchored and replicable analysis contributes to previous inquiries in the field. Here we also outline the elements of our framework and the ways they are interconnected, as well as the analytic pitfalls that our approach helps to avoid. Following this, we present the contents of the book.

Chapter 3 traces the history of bowing at the name of Jesus, one of the ritual actions inherited from the medieval church which survived into the post-Reformation period. Although it was included in the 1559 Injunctions, most Elizabethan writers regarded it as a matter of indifference and assumed it would gradually die out of its own accord. Yet in the early seventeenth century it unexpectedly resurfaced as a point of theological debate when some divines argued that it was directly commanded by scripture. The chapter challenges the idea that theological controversy was conducted at a high academic level with little relevance to the lives of ordinary people. The dispute over bowing originated in polemical exchanges between Protestants and Catholics in Westphalia, which were taken up by the Reformed theologian David Pareus at Heidelberg, and then spilled over into the Church of England when Pareus’s writings were translated into English. But while it began in Latin works of religious polemic, it also led to conflict at a parish level, and a study of these parish conflicts shows that the lay opponents of bowing were often very well informed about the theological issues.