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1 results

  • Countering Non-Ignorable Nonresponse in Survey Models with Randomized Response Instruments and Doubly Robust Estimation

  • Michael A. Bailey
  • Journal:
    Political Analysis , First View
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    02 January 2025, pp. 1-16
    • Article
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  • Conventional survey tools such as weighting do not address non-ignorable nonresponse that occurs when nonresponse depends on the variable being measured. This paper describes non-ignorable nonresponse weighting and imputation models using randomized response instruments, which are variables that affect response but not the outcome of interest. This paper uses a doubly robust estimator that is valid if one, but not necessarily both, of the weighting and imputation models is correct. When applied to a national 2019 survey, these tools produce estimates that suggest there was nontrivial non-ignorable nonresponse related to turnout, and, for subgroups, Trump approval and policy questions. For example, the conventional MAR-based weighted estimates of Trump support in the Midwest were 10 percentage points lower than the MNAR-based estimates.