In recent years, fiduciary law has moved toward the center of scholarly attention in the common law world.1 In spite of its “elusive” nature,2 enough instances of fiduciary relationships occur across a wide variety of legal areas that many – with good cause – describe it as a distinctive field.3 Courts as well as scholars in common law jurisdictions deal concepts and ideas concerning fiduciary law back and forth.4 Although civil law countries have no tradition of the trust as a legal institution,5 courts and scholars alike term relationships based on some kind of personal or professional trust “fiduciary.”6 German law subjects guardians,7 trustees in bankruptcy,8 attorneys,9 and others to a specific set of fiduciary duties, the most important of which is a duty of loyalty.10 France has introduced “la fiducie,” a substitute for the common law trust.11 Indeed, civil law countries have long combined property and contract law in order to fashion substitutes for the common law trust. Contract-based Treuhandverhältnisse – that is, relationships of trust – have been a staple part of the German legal discourse for several decades, if not centuries.12 And in recent years, the trust as a legal institution is gaining ground in civil law jurisdictions, following national recognition of the Hague Trust Convention by countries such as Italy and the Netherlands.13

Does the applicable law have an impact on the legal effects of contract terms? Is there a convergence between the common law and the civil law? To what extent does the principle of good faith influence the effects of a contract? Does arbitration ensure a uniform interpretation of contracts?

This chapter focuses on the role of narrative in psychology, arguing that narrative is implicitly universal in psychology, is the basis of good science and should be used explicitly across the different areas of psychology, that is, it is the root metaphor of psychology (Sarbin, 1986). There is a brief exploration of narrative and neuroscience, and the evolution of narrative. There is also a focus on dominant narratives, reality and identity. Identity and narrative are closely related. There is a brief description of redemptive and contaminated narratives, and the relationship between narratives and memory construction. Some narratives are universal, and some are cultural, and we need to know how to make distinctions between these, as they help explain the fundamental nature of being human versus cultural constructions.

The key question this chapter addresses is which countries are the most receptive to Chinese foreign infrastructure spending? I theorize electoral autocracies will be the most avid recipients. This chapter analyzes Chinese foreign spending since the introduction of the BRI at the end of 2013 with data from the China Global Investment Tracker (CGIT) dataset. Multivariate tests indicate electoral autocracies are the major recipients during the BRI timeframe, from 2014 to 2019. Extending the timeframe to 2005 to 2019, the findings indicate a substantive difference in the relationship between Chinese foreign construction spending and electoral autocracies that occurs with the initiation of the BRI. Logistics performance indicators also show electoral autocracies display the greatest improvement from before to after the introduction of the BRI. While the share of Chinese exports flowing to electoral autocracies increases during the BRI time period, it is not possible to conclude this is a deviation from previous trends; more time is needed to establish confidence for these effects. The main takeaway is the exceptional role electoral autocracies play in attracting Chinese foreign spending in the context of the BRI, especially when the leaders have an insecure hold on power.

The construction of ALMA on its remote site is described in this chapter. The relationship between ALMA and the local indigenous communities is presented. The narrative ends with the inauguration ceremony.

This chapter analyzes traditional sectors, such as manufacturing and industrialization, infrastructure and construction, oil and gas, and agriculture and agro-processing and their potential in the 4IR. Implications, challenges, and opportunities are discussed in each, as well as how new technologies will hinder or better the potential of the sector. It is discussed how growing opportunities in these sectors will help cultivate better environments for innovation. Potential harms may include the disruption of the labor market, exportations, and infrastructure gaps. In order to reduce the disruptive effects of the 4IR, governments and businesses need to work together to help build training programs, investment initiatives, and digitalization. The proper integration of new technologies can aid help in environmental regulations and productivity growth. Each section in the chapter provides opportunities and strategies to achieve success in the 4IR.

[27.1] A particular construction of a statutory provision may be tested by reference to its consequences. The principle directs attention to the likely operation of a statute if that construction were preferred. In practice, cases raising the principle are more concerned with adverse consequences.

This chapter presents three case studies that demonstrate that accessibility based on predictability relationships between constructions and their lexical fillers plays a role in alternations with longer and shorter alternative forms. The alternations are help + (to) Infinitive, Verb (at) home and go (and) Verb. I formulate the Hypothesis of Construction–Lexeme and Formal Length, which predicts the longer variants to be used when the associations are weaker, and shorter forms when the associations are stronger. This study demonstrates that the probabilistic relationships between constructions and collexemes can explain the choice between the shorter and longer constructional variants, which needs to be integrated in Constructionist theory. Moreover, we also see many other manifestations of high and low accessibility that determine the use of longer and shorter variants. This shows that language users adjust their output to the individual situation in many very subtle ways, depending on semantic features, inflectional forms, distances between constructional components, and many other factors.

Traditional logic dominates Western thinking by centering thinking on propositions and thereby restricting the meaning of "being" to its derivative, categorial meaning. In Heidegger’s view, it fails in this way to realize the promise of a philosophical logic, one that is capable of tracing traditional logic and thinking generally back to their foundation, i.e., the being/unconcealment of the logos from which they are derived. This chapter examines how, as a first step toward realizing that promise, Heidegger questions the supremacy of logic in Western thinking through a “critical deconstruction” of four theses underlying it: the thesis that judgment is the place of truth rather than vice versa, that the copula exhausts the meaning of "being," that nothingness originates from negation rather than vice versa, and that the predicative structure of propositions constitutes the essence of language. In conclusion, the chapter suggests that the construction ultimately accompanying Heidegger’s deconstruction is to be found, not in language as Dasein’s comportment, but in the revealing capacity of tautology to which he appeals in his final seminar (1973).

Morphosyntax describes the form and function of grammatical constructions in the world’s languages. The form of constructions includes both syntactic structure and relevant morphology. The function of constructions includes both information content (semantics) and information packaging of the content. The same semantic content can be packaged in different ways. The approach in this textbook is crosslinguistic and empirical: we compare grammatical constructions across languages and describe patterns of variation, universals constraining variation, and diachronic processes that give rise to the variation. Crosslinguistic comparison is done using crosslinguistically valid concepts (comparative concepts). Crosslinguistic constructions are defined as all grammatical forms expressing a particular function. Strategies are crosslinguistically defined formal means for expressing a function. The analysis of grammatical structure in a particular language is the categorization of constructions in the language by their form and their function. Language-particular analysis of constructions and crosslinguistic analysis of constructions can be united via the function of the construction.

The YA Behavioral Agreement is collaboratively written by the YA and parents addressing criteria that meet their unique concerns.