How were seventeenth-century projects of wetland improvement remembered and revived in the centuries that followed? What remnants of wetlands past persist in popular memory, troublesome spirits, floodwaters, and nature reserves? This chapter traces afterlives of the turbulence and tumult generated by fen projects. In doing so, it weaves together the key strands of this book. First, new intellectual and political tools were needed to define and implement wetland improvement, reconceiving the scale of environmental thought and action in early modern England. Second, customary politics proved a powerful force in the negotiation of improvement as commoners intervened in the flow of water, the exercise of property rights, and the practice of sovereignty. Finally, coercive projects of environmental change expanded cracks in the exercise of central authority, becoming entangled in civil war conflict and imperilling the stability of improvement. It concludes by asking what conflict over early modern wetlands can tell us about the environmental politics of the Anthropocene.

Chapter 6 examines the politics of scientific fields at the level of micro-social interaction by analyzing intellectual conflict between RA members and their detractors in sustainability science. Data include firsthand observations of contentious interactions at academic conferences and detailed analyses of public debates, online forums, and scholarly publications. I identify the main groups in sustainability science with whom RA clashed and provide high-resolution accounts of key episodes of intellectual conflict. I show how RA used conferences to assert their theoretical faith, recruit new adherents, and challenge existing disciplinary boundaries. Competitor groups staged public performances (or “anti-rituals”) to re-establish these boundaries by questioning RA’s scientific faith, publicly shaming them, and desecrating their most sacred symbols. I conclude by showing how these conflicts over legitimacy altered RA’s ideas and those of their critics, leading to creative advances for RA and its competitors.

Chapter 2 explores the regional context and significance of Tivinat’s capture and imprisonment in the strategic port of Dieppe in the province of Normandy. Establishes the importance of Normandy’s connections with the Huguenot diaspora in England and cross-Channel connections and conflicts. Focuses on the development of the Reformation in Dieppe and its connections with Beauvais, the Huguenot leadership and local nobility, its progress during the first religious war (1562–63) and ongoing conflict with local Catholics. In particular, relations with regional and town governors were fraught, resulting in heated confessional clashes during the second and third wars of 1567–1570. The link between these events and the role of the governors in enabling Tivinat’s interrogation is established, too, as Norman connections with the cardinal of Châtillon’s exile in England. Examines the career of Tivinat’s interrogator, Michel Vialar, president of the parlement of Rouen, and his contribution to confessional tensions in the region through prosecution and fiscal exactions as well as interpersonal clashes with fellow judges. Discussion through detailed examples of the contemporary challenges of crossing the Channel by boat provides further context for the experience of Tivinat and other couriers.

Chapter 6 focuses on fears of espionage and treachery, but also the extensive use of information and intelligence-gathering by all sides, and the fine distinctions between these. The close connection with ambassadors and their contacts is discussed, alongside how spies and spying were viewed by contemporaries, through correspondence and judicial records. Explores extensive fears of plots and foreign intervention and how this affected diplomatic and confessional relations; the execution of experienced courier, Jean Abraham, secretary to the prince of Condé, exemplifies this. Looks in detail at contemporary English concerns about a Franco-Scottish alliance in support of Mary Queen of Scots, making links from these concerns to the activities of Norris, cardinal Châtillon and to the network exposed by the letters carried by Tivinat. Attention is given to the role of female agents and especially to double agents, such as Edmund Mather, whose career and connections to Norris, Regnard/Changy and the wider network are explored in detail.

Chapter 5 explores the importance of the communication of news and information through correspondence, but also the problems of its interception and betrayal. Couriers faced the risk of violence and incarceration, particularly at times of diplomatic tension, and strategies of concealment could be quite sophisticated to counter this, such as the use of ciphers, pseudonyms and other methods. Nevertheless, the dangers to which Tivinat and other couriers were exposed was considerable, their detention was a frequent occurrence, as was that of Huguenots carrying books and papers, as shown in cases drawn from the Conciergerie in Paris. Consideration is given to the importance of correspondence as a source for both contemporaries and historians. The news content of the letters carried by Tivinat is discussed in detail, revealing concerns with events both international and domestic. Connections between the letters and those found in other circumstances, such as on the body of the prince of Condé and in the English State Papers, are made, identifying Regnard/Changy as their author and the complexity of the network in which he operated.

Chapter 3 explores in detail the households between which Tivinat was carrying the correspondence: of Henry Norris, the English ambassador, in the suburbs of Paris and of Odet de Coligny, the cardinal of Châtillon, in the outskirts of London. Discusses Norris’s experience as ambassador and the challenges of this role, not least the interception of couriers, as well as the difficulty of negotiating between the French and English courts at a time of turbulent diplomatic relations. Establishes the importance of his household as a hub of Protestant activity. Châtillon’s life and career are examined as context for his experience of exile in England and his role as diplomat at Elizabeth’s court from 1568 to 1571. Establishes the importance of his contribution as Huguenot representative, facilitating a Protestant network of ministers and agents across Europe, as well as the links of this network with the two households and the correspondence carried by Tivinat. The role of other prominent figures in exile with Châtillon are also explored.

An explanation is given of what channel coordination entails and why it is so important, both internally and externally to the firm. Key coordination objectives are discussed. The importance of pull and push strategy connections to successful channel coordination efforts is stressed. Sufficient channel control is only achieved in both direct channels and indirect channels through effective coordination efforts. How power is built and applied within both direct and indirect channels is elaborated upon. Finally, an explanation is given of how manifest conflict and motivation can impact both channel functioning and subsequent end-customer behavior.

Gabriel Le Bras’s presentation of Boniface VIII as ‘symphoniste et modérateur’ remains valid.

Conflicts with adversaries can sometimes be unavoidable. Decision making in conflict can be unpleasant, stressful, and troubling. Success in an adversarial situation will not necessarily be achieved by the participant with the better initial position, but rather by the decision maker who is experienced in conflict situations, understands the dynamics of conflict, and is able to outsmart their adversary. This chapter differentiates between interests, disputes, and conflicts. Methods for conflict resolution are outlined as well as strategies for prevailing in a conflict. The chapter summarizes institutions in society where some disputes or conflicts may be addressed. Important structural similarities found in many disputes and conflicts are highlighted, including the different approaches of offense and defense, and the impact of timing and movement. Whether the parties to the conflict are individuals, corporations, or nations confronting each other at a negotiating table, a courtroom, or in a military battlespace, many of the strategies, dynamics, and interactions are the same.

Examines effects of comprehension, conflict, social status, loneliness, complexity, assertiveness, control, introversion–extroversion, competence, goals, working memory capacity, and first impressions on conversation memory.

Animal rights theory and the One Health approach share similarities in that they are gaining prominence and are presented as pathways to address the challenges of the Anthropocene. These two discourses may, however, be conceived as philosophically incompatible. On the one hand, animal rights theory centres on the inherent worth of individual animals. One Health, on the other hand, emerges from an understanding of ecology and focuses on the health of nature as a broad system. Where the individual rights of an animal and the interests of human/animal/environmental health conflict, animal rights and One Health would presumably propose different resolutions.

In an effort to reconcile these promising theories, this chapter seeks to locate a recognition of animal intrinsic worth within the One Health paradigm. In pursuing this objective, it seeks to conceive of animal rights as compatible with and as part of a broader One Health paradigm. On this basis, it explores the theoretical implications of such an approach for contemporary societies and their common uses of animals.

This chapter introduces the dynamics of ecosystems and chaotic systems, providing an accessible overview for readers unfamiliar with complexity theory. Key concepts such as fractals and emergence are defined and applied to social groups through the FLINT model of Factional Leadership, Intergroup Conflict, Norms, and Time, which explains how factions and subgroups form and ferment within a seemingly unified group. This model examines forces driving subgroup differentiation and the challenges of achieving lasting social change because of the need to influence multiple groups simultaneously and overcome resistance. The chapter revisits psychological research on effective activism, underscoring the importance of addressing both conformity and dissent within and between groups. Finally, we discuss empirical methods for analysing these complex dynamics, including network analyses, person-centred analyses, and agent-based modelling, which offer new ways to understand and study the formation and evolution of groups.