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  • Chapter 15 - Body and Appearance Self-Conscious Emotions Scale (BASES)

  • Edited by Virginia Ramseyer Winter, University of Minnesota, Tracy L. Tylka, Ohio State University, Antoinette M. Landor, University of Missouri
  • Book:
    Handbook of Body Image-Related Measures
    Published online:
    21 November 2025
    Print publication:
    20 November 2025, pp 43-45

  • Summary

    The 16-item Body and Appearance Self-Conscious Emotions Scale (BASES; Castonguay et al., 2014) was developed to measure shame, guilt, authentic pride, and hubristic pride for use in body- and appearance-related contexts. The BASES can be administered online or in-person to adolescents and adults and is free to use. This chapter first discusses the development of the BASES and then provides evidence of its psychometrics. Findings from exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis support a 4-factor structure (body shame, body guilt, authentic pride, hubristic pride). Internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, content validity, concurrent validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and incremental validity support the use of the BASES. Next, this chapter provides the BASES items in their entirety, instructions for administering the BASES to participants, item response scale, and scoring procedure. Links to known translations are provided. Logistics of use, such as permissions, copyright, and contact information, are provided for readers.