Body and Appearance Self-Conscious Emotions Scale (BASES)

doi:10.1017/9781009398275.016

Chapter 15 - Body and Appearance Self-Conscious Emotions Scale (BASES)

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Andree L. Castonguay and

Catherine M. Sabiston

Edited by

Virginia Ramseyer Winter ,

Tracy L. Tylka and

Antoinette M. Landor

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Virginia Ramseyer Winter: Affiliation:
University of Minnesota
Tracy L. Tylka: Affiliation:
Ohio State University
Antoinette M. Landor: Affiliation:
University of Missouri

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Summary

The 16-item Body and Appearance Self-Conscious Emotions Scale (BASES; Castonguay et al., 2014) was developed to measure shame, guilt, authentic pride, and hubristic pride for use in body- and appearance-related contexts. The BASES can be administered online or in-person to adolescents and adults and is free to use. This chapter first discusses the development of the BASES and then provides evidence of its psychometrics. Findings from exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis support a 4-factor structure (body shame, body guilt, authentic pride, hubristic pride). Internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, content validity, concurrent validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and incremental validity support the use of the BASES. Next, this chapter provides the BASES items in their entirety, instructions for administering the BASES to participants, item response scale, and scoring procedure. Links to known translations are provided. Logistics of use, such as permissions, copyright, and contact information, are provided for readers.

Keywords

Body and Appearance Self-Conscious Emotions Scale BASES body-related emotions body shame body guilt authentic pride hubristic pride positive body image negative body image Body Self-conscious Emotions Fitness Scale BSE-FIT scale development psychometric evidence factor structure reliability validity administration scoring available translations

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Type: Chapter
Information: Handbook of Body Image-Related Measures , pp. 43 - 45

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009398275.016 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2025

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References

Castonguay, A. L., Gilchrist, J., Mack, D. E., & Sabiston, C. M. (2013). Body-related pride in young adults: An exploration of the triggers, contexts, outcomes and attributions. Body Image, 10, 335–343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2013.03.001.CrossRef Google Scholar

Castonguay, A. L., Sabiston, C. M., Crocker, P. R. E., & Mack, D. E. (2014). Development and validation of the Body and Appearance Self-conscious Emotions Scale (BASES). Body Image, 11, 126–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2013.12.006.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Castonguay, A. L., Sabiston, C. M., Kowalski, K., & Wilson, P. (2016). Introducing an instrument to measure body and fitness-related self-conscious emotions: The BSE-FIT. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 23, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2015.10.003.CrossRef Google Scholar

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Lucibello, K. M., Pila, E., Pritchard, E. M., & Sabiston, C. M. (2022). Validation of the Body-Related Envy Scale (BREV) in adolescent girl athletes. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology, 11(4), 477–493. https://doi.org/10.1037/spy0000304.CrossRef Google Scholar

Marschall, D., Sanftner, J., & Tangney, J. P. (1994). The State Shame and Guilt Scale. George Mason University.Google Scholar

Sabiston, C. M., Brunet, J., Kowalski, K. C., Wilson, P., Mack, D. E., & Crocker, P. R. E. (2010). The role of body-related self-conscious emotions in motivating physical activity among women. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 32, 417–437. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.32.4.417.CrossRef Google Scholar

Sabiston, C. M., Pila, E., Crocker, P. R. E., Mack, D. E., Wilson, P. M., Brunet, J., & Kowalski, K. C. (2020). Changes in body-related self-conscious emotions over time among youth female athletes. Body Image, 32, 24–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.11.001.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Sabiston, C. M., Doré, I., Lucibello, K. M., Pila, E., Brunet, J., Thibault, V., & Bélanger, M. (2022). Body image self-conscious emotions get worse throughout adolescence and relate to physical activity behavior in girls and boys. Social Science & Medicine, 315, 115543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115543.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Tracy, J. L., & Robins, R. W. (2007). The psychological structure of pride: A tale of two facets. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 506–525. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.92.3.506.CrossRef Google Scholar

Vani, M. F., Lucibello, K. M., & Sabiston, C. M. (2024). Development and validation of the Body-Related Embarrassment Scale (BREM). Current Psychology, 43, 10467–10483. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-023-05183-y.CrossRef Google Scholar

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