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So far, we have examined the history of our planet through the lens of a geologist, in which we observe the products captured in the rock record and try to interpret how they originate in the context of the complex interactions of geological processes over long geological timescales. This includes relocation of land masses through plate tectonics over hundreds of million-year Wilson cycles, as discussed in Chapters 5 and 10, to shorter-term sea-level and climate changes that occur over tens of thousands of years associated with orbital cycles reviewed in Chapter 18. We have also reviewed some of the major catastrophes in Earth history, with a focus on the mass extinctions that marked the end of the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras (Chapters 11 and 13). In this chapter, we consider the idea that human activities over fewer than 300 years are now so profound that they might leave a permanent record in the geology of our planet.
Efficiently using data structures to collect, organise and retrieve information is one of the core abilities modern computer engineers are expected to have. This student-friendly textbook provides a complete view of data structures and algorithms using the Python programming language, striking a balance between theory and practical application. All major algorithms have been discussed and analysed in detail, and the corresponding codes in Python have been provided. Diagrams and examples have been extensively used for better understanding. Running time complexities are also discussed for each algorithm, allowing the student to better understand how to select the appropriate one. Written with both undergraduate and graduate students in mind, the book will also be helpful with competitive examinations for engineering in India such as GATE and NET. As such, it will be a vital resource for students as well as professionals who are looking for a handbook on data structures in Python.
Analog and digital electronics are an important part of most modern courses in physics. Closely mapped to the current UGC CBCS syllabus, this comprehensive textbook will be a vital resource for undergraduate students of physics and electronics. The content is structured to emphasize fundamental concepts and applications of various circuits and instruments. A wide range of topics like semiconductor physics, diodes, transistors, amplifiers, Boolean algebra, combinational and sequential logic circuits, and microprocessors are covered in lucid language and illustrated with many diagrams and examples for easy understanding. A diverse set of questions in each chapter, including multiple-choice, reasoning, numerical, and practice problems, will help students consolidate the knowledge gained. Finally, computer simulations and project ideas for projects will help readers apply the theoretical concepts and encourage experiential learning.
Providing a new approach to Earth history, this engaging undergraduate textbook highlights key episodes in the history of our planet and uses them to explain the most important concepts in geology. Rather than presenting exhaustive descriptions of each period of geological time, this conceptual approach shows how geologists use multiple strands of evidence to build up an understanding of the geological past, focusing on exciting events like the extinction of the dinosaurs and the formation of the Grand Canyon and the Himalaya. Beginning with an introduction to geology, tectonics, and the origin of the Universe, subsequent chapters chronicle defining moments in Earth history in an accessible narrative style. Each chapter draws on a variety of sub-disciplines, including stratigraphy, paleontology, petrology, geochemistry, and geophysics, to provide students who have little or no previous knowledge of geology with a broad understanding of our planet and its fascinating history.