By focusing on the American Protective Association (A.P.A.), this article demonstrates how anti-Catholicism influenced free labor ideologies and working-class movements during the Gilded Age. The labor movement in the late nineteenth century generally believed that the so-called “dangerous classes” threatened working-class social mobility and economic independence. Religious bigotries, though, often dictated which people and institutions were considered economically dangerous. This article argues that, as anti-Catholic stereotypes collided with emergent anti-monopoly critiques, some working-class reformers saw Catholicism as incompatible with traditional notions of free labor. These reformers embraced anti-Catholic politics and chose to establish, join, or support the A.P.A. Many in the A.P.A. thought Catholic workers lacked the autonomy necessary to be free laborers, leading to intra-union conflict and a distrust of labor organizations with significant Catholic membership. They also charged that the Catholic Church itself opposed free labor and was already profiting off slave labor in institutions like the Houses of the Good Shepherd, a charitable institution, which sought to reform “abandoned women.” Ultimately, the A.P.A. and its anti-Catholic bigotries contributed to the fragmentation of the working class in Gilded Age America in ways that scholars have not yet recognized.

The increasing pollution of water bodies by tetracycline (TC) has emerged as a looming threat to both environmental sustainability and human health, and the development of novel and effective remediation techniques is essential. The purpose of the present research was to explore the potential of montmorillonite (Mnt) and ZnO/Mnt composites as cost-effective and eco-friendly adsorbents for the removal of TC from polluted water sources. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out under controlled laboratory conditions, where adsorption isotherms, kinetic studies, and zero-charge point (pHzcp) determinations were performed systematically to evaluate the performance of ZnO, Mnt, and ZnO/Mnt composites. The results highlighted the underlying importance of surface charge to adsorption by establishing pHzcp for ZnO, Mnt, and the ZnO/Mnt composite. The effects of pH on the surface charge of adsorbents (ZnO, Mnt, and the ZnO/Mnt) and the equilibrium structure of TC were measured systematically and trends that are imperative for understanding the dynamics of adsorption were identified. The removal efficiencies of TC at the optimal pH of 5 were 100% for Mnt, 70% for ZnO/Mnt, and 4% for ZnO. Mnt exhibited the greatest adsorption capacity (125 mg g–1), particularly effective within the pH range of 3–7, demonstrating its strong potential for pollutant removal. However, the ZnO/Mnt composite, although showing a lower adsorption capacity (72 mg g–1), offers additional advantages due to the photocatalytic properties of ZnO. Under light irradiation, ZnO promotes the mineralization of adsorbed TC into harmless products such as CO₂ and H₂O, thereby reducing the risk of secondary pollution. While Mnt alone efficiently captures TC, the lack of degradation may pose environmental challenges. By integrating adsorption with photocatalysis, the ZnO/Mnt composite provides a more sustainable, dual-functional approach, highlighting the significance of coupling pollutant capture with degradation for effective and eco-friendly water treatment.

Given the ubiquity of organizational change, it is fitting that considerable research has focused on employees’ responses to change, much of it collated in review articles. With the aim of integrating this diverse review literature and providing an employee-centric theorization, we provide a meta-review, a systematic review of reviews. We present the meta-construct of employee change orientation (EChO), which aggregates employee responses, attitudes, behaviors, and the associated psychological mechanisms related to organizational change. Our meta-review includes 50 scholarly reviews published between 2001 and June 2025, drawing on 1,606 primary studies. Through a synthesis of these reviews, we present the EChO framework and taxonomy. We identify areas for improvement, particularly for research design, and generate key insights for change practitioners working with employees experiencing change. Our meta-review contributes by clarifying well-researched areas, extending theorizing, and highlighting the need for further research to understand how employee responses to change influence outcomes.

This article examines white Americans’ concern about jazz dancing around the turn of the twentieth century. Drawing from primary sources in national publications, newspapers, and the archives of the Southern Baptist Convention, the essay finds patterns in the response to jazz dancing that set the stage for the making of moral concern throughout the twentieth century. A focus on young people, interracial sex, the emerging specter of homosexuality, black musical forms, immigrants, and traditional gender roles amounted to what I call “Downfall Voyeurism,” in which American decline is portrayed as a spectacle that elicits both fear and titillation. Downfall Voyeurism helps explain the rise and fall of the jazz panic of the 1910s, but it also presages the central tactics of the New Right that historians more traditionally see as emerging in the 1970s and 1980s.

On August 22, 2019, several cloud-to-ground currents struck the top of the popular hiking mountain Giewont (Tatra Mountains, Poland). At the scene, first aid and evacuation were provided by mountain emergency rescue services. The injured patients received care and were initially stabilized at a local general hospital. Some of the victims were then relocated to other nearby hospitals, regional trauma centers, or regional burn centers. This study is a retrospective analysis of regional health system response. The official records of the disaster response from the institutions involved were examined. Surveys were conducted through interviews with mountain rescuers, coordinators, and other health care workers regarding interventions, triage, and communication during the disaster response. The analysis was conducted in accordance with the guidelines of the Medical Commission of the International Commission for Alpine Rescue (ICAR-MEDCOM). There were 134 people involved in accidents: four died at the scene, four were considered severely injured, 118 were moderately and mildly injured, and eight had no signs of injury. Mountain rescue services were able to evacuate and provide first aid to all victims within four hours after activation. Close cooperation among various institutions involved, including mountain emergency rescue services, hospitals, fire departments, dispatch centers, and Helicopter Emergency Medical Services (HEMS), is critical to the successful management of mass-casualty incidents (MCIs) in mountain areas. Effective triage algorithms and communication structures should be implemented.

Standard quadrotors exhibit limited mobility due to inherent underactuation: they only have four independent control inputs, whereas their position and attitude in space are defined by six degrees of freedom (DOF). Consequently, a quadrotor’s pose cannot track an arbitrary trajectory over time. To address this limitation, a novel actuation concept has been proposed, wherein the quadrotor’s propellers can tilt around their axes relative to the main body–forming a vector quadrotor. To achieve more accurate trajectory tracking tailored to the specific characteristics of this vector quadrotor model, we propose a novel control strategy. First, we integrate special orthogonal group SO(3) theory with model compensation control: SO(3) theory enables accurate modeling of the aircraft’s rotational dynamics, while model compensation control mitigates unmodeled dynamics and external disturbances, thereby ensuring robustness across diverse operating conditions. Second, we introduce the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) method for control allocation; this method not only enables efficient computation of control inputs but also optimises the allocation of control resources, which enhances system performance–particularly in complex manoeuvering scenarios. Finally, we integrate the SO(3)-based controller with the SQP-based control allocation module to form a unified control system. The effectiveness of this proposed approach is validated via simulation results. These results demonstrate improved trajectory tracking accuracy and enhanced robustness against disturbances, thus confirming the potential of our method for practical applications.

Modernity has been the idée fixe of law and society scholarship from the very beginning. It is impossible to imagine our field without its roots in the rather different theories of Weber, Marx, and Durkheim about the defining characteristics of a modern legal system; and their theories still resonate in the work of 21st-century researchers. Moreover, pre-modern law and post-modern law, as their names suggest, are also defined and analysed by law and society scholars in relation to the central concept of modernity. Modernity and its pre- and post-incarnations are the very bedrock of the law and society field.

This article explores the extent to which Michael Zev Gordon’s A Kind of Haunting is a work of postmemory, a concept defined and refined by Marianne Hirsch to describe memories inherited by the generations that follow one that has experienced great collective trauma. I complicate some of the claims around the efficacy of music as a site of postmemorial aesthetics by considering the limits of musical representation in Gordon’s work via theories of spectacle and orientalism.