Management of infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome is resource-intensive. Trends in initial Stage 1 palliation choice and associated hospital cost and outcomes over time are unclear.

Using a retrospective cohort of infants <30 days of age (2004–22) from the Paediatric Health Information Systems database, we analysed the annual prevalence of Stage 1 palliation choice, as well as the association between palliation choice and outcomes and resource use. Prevalence of palliation choice was calculated, and Mann–Kendall tests evaluated linear trends. Study outcomes were pooled across years and compared by palliation choice. Associations over time between palliation choice and outcomes and resource use were evaluated with generalised linear mixed models.

Of 7701 patients, 67.45% (n = 5194) underwent a Norwood with modified Blalock-Taussig shunt, (NmBT) 22.06% (n = 1699) underwent a Norwood with right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit (NRVPA), and 10.49% (n = 808) underwent a hybrid procedure. The annual prevalence of NRVPA surpassed that of NBT in 2017. In the pooled analysis, infants undergoing NRV-PA had the lowest in-hospital mortality (11.2%, P < 0.0001) and lowest cost at $335,406 (IQR: $208,624 to $583,322 (P = 0.001). A trend for increased median estimated hospitalisation cost was observed across time for all procedure choices (P for trend <0.0001 for all).

These data suggest that the NRV-PA is the preferred palliation choice, has the lowest in-hospital mortality, and is the most cost-effective option. Our findings suggest that all Stage 1 palliation options have become more expensive with no observed change in mortality.

This paper focuses on a type of underdetermination that has barely received any philosophical attention: underdetermination of data. I show how one particular type of data—RNA sequencing data, arguably one of the most important data types in contemporary biology and medicine—is underdetermined, because RNA sequencing experiments often do not determine a unique data set. Instead, different ways of generating usable data can result in vastly different, and even incompatible, data sets. But, since it is often impossible to adjudicate among these different ways of generating data, ‘the data’ coming out of such experiments is underdetermined.

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), is a major invasive pest threatening maize production in India. Temperature strongly influences its development, reproduction and population dynamics. This study evaluated the biological performance of S. frugiperda on maize across seven constant temperature regimes (14 ± 1°C to 38 ± 1°C) under controlled laboratory conditions, using the age-stage, two-sex life table approach. Developmental time decreased significantly with rising temperatures, while survival and fecundity peaked at 26 ± 1°C and 30 ± 1°C. The highest values of net reproductive rate (R0 = 499.91 females/female), intrinsic rate of increase (rm = 0.25 females/female/day), and finite rate of increase (λ = 1.28 females/day) were recorded at 30 ± 1°C, followed by 26 ± 1°C (R0 = 467.32, rm = 0.24, and λ = 1.26, respectively). In contrast, thermal extremes delayed development and adversely affected both survival and reproduction. No development occurred at 38 ± 1°C. Population projections indicated rapid generational turnover at optimal temperatures, with up to nine generations annually at 26 ± 1°C. The temperature range of 26–30 ± 1°C was found to be optimal for both survival and reproduction of S. frugiperda, aligning with kharif season temperatures in North India, particularly Punjab. These conditions promote multiple generations annually, whereas extreme summer or winter temperatures may limit population development. The findings advocate for temperature-informed, location-specific pest control strategies. Intervening during critical developmental windows, especially at the egg and larval stages, can limit population buildup. Insights into the pest’s thermal adaptability contribute to the advancement of climate-resilient, sustainable pest management frameworks for maize systems in North India and similar agroclimatic regions.

This article chronicles the roundtable held at LUISS University in Rome on 23 May 2025, marking the eightieth anniversary of the Italian Resistance. Organised alongside the launch of the special issue of Modern Italy titled ‘The Italian Resistance: Historical Junctures and New Perspectives’, the event gathered prominent scholars to revisit the legacy of the Resistance in contemporary historical, cultural and political discourse. Contributions highlighted emerging research on marginal actors, transnational perspectives, gendered memory and the symbolic dimensions of antifascism. Discussions revealed a shared concern with pluralising memory and resisting reductive narratives. This reflection emphasises the enduring relevance of the Resistance as a site of democratic imagination and critical historical inquiry, as well as the journal’s continued commitment to fostering innovative and inclusive scholarship on modern Italy.

In the aftermath of George Floyd’s killing by police in 2020, polls showed White Democrats as the most racially progressive group of Americans. In this paper, we examine this group’s racial progressiveness. Using the racial resentment scale deployed in the American National Election Studies, we show that the youngest generation of White Democrats has become more liberal on race when compared to older generations of Democrats and both younger and older generations of Republicans. We examine White Democrats’ racial attitudes further using four framing experiments that we embed in a nationally representative survey. The experiments demonstrate that younger generations of Democrats are often, but not always, the group most supportive of progressive racial rhetoric when compared to older Democrats, Republicans in their generation, and older Republicans. Older Democrats often mirror the attitudes of their younger counterpart. Thus, we find that racial attitudes are shaped not just by generation but also by partisan cues. Last, when it comes to reparations, young Democrats are merely less hostile to the policy than other groups in our sample but do not endorse reparations. Overall, our findings thus suggest that while younger generations of Democrats are sometimes more progressive in their racial attitudes than other groups, their racial attitudes are somewhat inconsistent. While they support racially egalitarian rhetoric, they do not express the same level of support for a policy designed to create equal material conditions.

Primitive Marriage analyzes the conjectural history installed in Victorian anthropology and taken up by novelists, in which sex drives a civilizational progress from domination and force to liberal relations of exchange, contract, and consent. Kathy Psomiades’s act of critical reflection doubles fin-de-siècle anthropology’s reflexive turn upon its own investments in symbol and representation. Her argument models an ethically and politically responsible criticism that restores the difference of past cultural formations, viewed as unfinished, potential, and manifold in their bearing on our present.

This cross-national study examines how ethnic resources shape access to financial capital among first-generation Punjabi-Pakistani immigrant entrepreneurs in the precious metals industries of Manchester (UK) and Dubai (UAE). Based on 50 semi-structured interviews (August 2022–July 2023) and analyzed through Template Analysis, the findings show that while co-ethnic social capital is widely mobilized across both contexts, significant intra-ethnic variations emerge between Khandani (lineage-based) and non-Khandani entrepreneurs. Khandani entrepreneurs rapidly accumulate start-up capital by leveraging their reputational credibility and transnational embeddedness, securing preferential access to large-scale financing through Rotating Credit Associations (kameti). By contrast, non-Khandani entrepreneurs face delayed entry, relying on modest loans from kin and co-ethnic migrants, with limited capacity to scale. The study highlights how lineage-based prestige intersects with broader kinship networks (Biraderi), producing differentiated trajectories of immigrant entrepreneurship. By foregrounding intra-ethnic stratification, this research extends debates on ethnic resources and mixed embeddedness, demonstrating that not all co-ethnic capital is equally accessible, and that transnational contexts reproduce rather than neutralize status hierarchies.

This essay considers the contributions that Primitive Marriage makes to psychoanalytic theory and the history of sexuality. It also explores the ways that Kathy Psomiades’s emphasis on the Victorian anthropology of marriage complicates our understanding of the histories of structuralism and critical theory in the present.

This article analyzes the diasporic dimensions of the 2022 Jina Revolutionary Momentum and its transnational resonance in Berlin, where more than 80,000 protestors gathered in solidarity with events in Iran. It argues that the momentum is best understood not as a continuation of previous movements but as a revolutionary rupture that generates new horizons of possibility through the politics of care, contrasting fear as the regime’s dominant affective frame. Drawing on affect theory, the article explores how the revolutionary imaginary transformed both the Iranian diaspora and indirectly Berlin itself into sites of revolutionary performance. By situating the Iranian diasporic activism in the city’s longer history as a node for exiled revolutionary activity, the analysis highlights how diasporic activism influenced the national imaginary, fostered transnational solidarities, and reshaped the meaning of Kharej (abroad) from one of exclusion to one of affection within a broader revolutionary geography.

Alert systems can engage the community to help locate missing persons with dementia. Evidence on the impact of implemented alert systems is minimal. Guided by three adapted Knowledge-to-Action Framework phases: identifying the problem, assessing barriers, and evaluating outcomes, this study aimed to examine understandings about alert systems and their implementation in Canada, Scotland, and the United States. A document review and interviews conducted with 40 interest holders (those with lived experience, first responders, service providers, and policymakers) underwent thematic analysis. Findings revealed variability in alert systems implementation and barriers at individual (limited understanding of alert systems, privacy concerns, alert fatigue) and organizational levels (sustainability, accessibility, privacy legislation). Participants recommended the following for successful implementation of alert systems: clear policy, collaboration, ongoing assessment, and a localized, opt-in system with accessibility, public education, and sustainable funding. This information indicates under what conditions alert systems for missing persons with dementia could be implemented.