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Regulation of mucosal immune responses in effector sites

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2007

M. Bailey ,
F. J. Plunkett ,
H.-J. Rothkötter ,
M. A. Vega-Lopez ,
K. Haverson  and
C. R. Stokes
M. Bailey*
Affiliation:
Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK
F. J. Plunkett
Affiliation:
Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK
H.-J. Rothkötter
Affiliation:
Department of Functional Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, 4120 Carl-Neuberg Str., 30625 Hannover, Germany
M. A. Vega-Lopez
Affiliation:
CINVESTAV-IPN, Experimental Pathology Department, Av. IPN 2508, Mexico 07360 DF, Mexico
K. Haverson
Affiliation:
Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK
C. R. Stokes
Affiliation:
Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK
*
*Corresponding Author: Dr Mick Bailey, fax +44 117 928 9505, email Mick.Bailey@bris.ac.uk
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Abstract

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In human disease and rodent models, immune responses in the intestinal mucosa can be damaging. Damage is characterised by villus atrophy, crypt hyperplasia and reduced ability to digest and absorb nutrients. In normal individuals active responses to harmless environmental antigens associated with food and commensal bacteria are controlled by the development of immunological tolerance. Similar pathological changes occur in piglets weaned early from their mothers. Active immune responses to food antigens are observed in these piglets, and we and others have hypothesised that the changes occur as a result of transient allergic immune responses to novel food or bacteria antigens. The normal mechanism for producing tolerance to food antigens may operate at induction (Peyer’s patches and mesenteric lymph nodes) or at the effector stage (intestinal lamina propria). In our piglet studies immunological tolerance occurs despite the initial active response. Together with evidence from rodents, this observation suggests that active responses are likely to be controlled at the effector stage, within the intestinal lamina propria. Support for this mechanism comes from the observation that human and pig intestinal T-cells are susceptible to apoptosis, and that this process is accelerated by antigen. We suggest that the role of the normal mature intestinal lamina propria is a balance between immunological effector and regulatory function. In neonatal animals this balance develops slowly and is dependant on contact with antigen. Immunological insults such as weaning may tip the balance of the developing mucosal immune system into excessive effector or regulatory function resulting in transient or chronic allergy or disease susceptibility.

Keywords

WeaningImmunityToleranceDevelopment
Type
Symposium on ‘Dietary influences on mucosal immunity’
Information
Proceedings of the Nutrition Society , Volume 60 , Issue 4 , November 2001 , pp. 427 - 435
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2001

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