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The effect of inactivity on dietary intake and energy homeostasis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 December 2008

P. Ritz  and
M. Elia
P. Ritz*
Affiliation:
Human Nutrition Research Centre-Auvergne, BP 321, Clermont-Ferrand, 63009, France
M. Elia
Affiliation:
Dunn Clinical Nutrition Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2DH, UK
*
Corresponding author: Dr P. Ritz, fax +33 473 608255, email ritz@clermont.inra.fr
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Abstract

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Reduced physical activity commonly occurs in patients with disease or chronic disabilities, in the elderly, and in certain patients with obesity. Surprisingly, information on the effect of inactivity on energy homeostasis is scarce and often difficult to interpret. In models of reduced physical activity, such as space flights, bed-rest and confinement, subjects frequently lose weight (<5 %), predominantly in the form of fat-free mass. In some cases this is compensated by an increase in fat mass, which means that changes in weight are poor indicators of energy balance. The extent to which spontaneous reduction in energy intake (in most studies energy intake is fixed) compensates or overcompensates for the reduction in energy expenditure (mainly physical activity and to a small extent in BMR, typically <6 %) is largely underexamined. Preliminary observations suggesting that there is a preferential selection of low-energy-dense foods (low in fat) require confirmation under carefully controlled experimental conditions. It is concluded that a comprehensive and systematic evaluation is needed to address the effects and relevance of various degrees of physical inactivity to energy homeostasis, in relation to disease and space medicine.

Keywords

Physical inactivityEnergy balanceBody composition
Type
Nutrition and Behaviour Group Symposium on ‘The relationship between physical activity patterns and patterns of food, energy and nutrient intake’
Information
Proceedings of the Nutrition Society , Volume 58 , Issue 1 , February 1999 , pp. 115 - 122
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1999

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