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Physiological factors that regulate the use of endogenous fat and carbohydrate fuels during endurance exercise

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 November 2007

Bettina Mittendorfer  and
Samuel Klein
Bettina Mittendorfer
Affiliation:
Department of Internal Medicine and Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8031, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
Samuel Klein*
Affiliation:
Department of Internal Medicine and Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8031, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
*
*Corresponding author: Dr Samuel Klein, fax +1 314362 8230, email sklein@im.wustl.edu
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Abstract

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Exercise causes a dramatic increase in energy requirements because of the metabolic needs of working muscles. Exercise-dependent factors regulate fuel use. Absolute exercise intensity determines the exercise-induced increase in energy demands, whereas exercise intensity relative to an individual's maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) determines the proportional contribution of different fuel sources (i.e. plasma glucose, plasma fatty acids, muscle glycogen and intramuscular triacylglycerols). Endurance training increases aerobic capacity in muscle and the oxidation of fat during exercise. In addition, exercise-independent factors, such as diet composition, sex, age, and body composition also influence substrate use during exercise. The present review discusses the regulation of substrate use during exercise in human subjects, with a focus on the role of exercise-independent factors.

Keywords

Energy requirementFat metabolismCarbohydrate metabolismEndurance exercise

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
Nutrition Research Reviews , Volume 16 , Issue 1 , June 2003 , pp. 97 - 108
Copyright
Copyright © CABI Publishing 2003

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