Exploring the efficacy and optimal dosages of omega-3 supplementation for companion animals

Thiago Henrique Annibale Vendramini; Pedro Henrique Marchi; Rodrigo Fernando Gomes Olivindo; Vivian Pedrinelli; Andressa Rodrigues Amaral; Mariana Santos de Miranda; Leonardo Andrade Príncipe; Cinthia Gonçalves Lenz Cesar; Rafael Vessecchi Amorim Zafalon; Mariana Pamplona Perini; Laís Oyama Cotrim Lima; Júlio Cesar de Carvalho Balieiro; Marcio Antonio Brunetto

doi:10.1017/S0954422425100115

Exploring the efficacy and optimal dosages of omega-3 supplementation for companion animals

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 11 June 2025

Thiago Henrique Annibale Vendramini

Pedro Henrique Marchi ,

Rodrigo Fernando Gomes Olivindo ,

Vivian Pedrinelli ,

Andressa Rodrigues Amaral ,

Mariana Santos de Miranda ,

Leonardo Andrade Príncipe ,

Cinthia Gonçalves Lenz Cesar ,

Rafael Vessecchi Amorim Zafalon and

Mariana Pamplona Perini

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Thiago Henrique Annibale Vendramini*: Affiliation:
Pet Nutrology Research Center, Department of Animal Nutrition and Production of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil Veterinary Nutrology Service, Teaching Veterinary Hospital of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
Pedro Henrique Marchi: Affiliation:
Pet Nutrology Research Center, Department of Animal Nutrition and Production of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
Rodrigo Fernando Gomes Olivindo: Affiliation:
Veterinary Nutrology Service, Teaching Veterinary Hospital of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
Vivian Pedrinelli: Affiliation:
Veterinary Nutrology Service, Teaching Veterinary Hospital of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
Andressa Rodrigues Amaral: Affiliation:
Veterinary Nutrology Service, Teaching Veterinary Hospital of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
Mariana Santos de Miranda: Affiliation:
Pet Nutrology Research Center, Department of Animal Nutrition and Production of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
Leonardo Andrade Príncipe: Affiliation:
Pet Nutrology Research Center, Department of Animal Nutrition and Production of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
Cinthia Gonçalves Lenz Cesar: Affiliation:
Pet Nutrology Research Center, Department of Animal Nutrition and Production of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
Rafael Vessecchi Amorim Zafalon: Affiliation:
Pet Nutrology Research Center, Department of Animal Nutrition and Production of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
Mariana Pamplona Perini: Affiliation:
Pet Nutrology Research Center, Department of Animal Nutrition and Production of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
Laís Oyama Cotrim Lima: Affiliation:
Veterinary Nutrology Service, Teaching Veterinary Hospital of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
Júlio Cesar de Carvalho Balieiro: Affiliation:
Pet Nutrology Research Center, Department of Animal Nutrition and Production of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
Marcio Antonio Brunetto: Affiliation:
Deceased
*: Corresponding author: Thiago Henrique Annibale Vendramini; Email: thiago.vendramini@usp.br

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Abstract

This review summarises findings from studies in companion animals with chronic diseases receiving omega-3 supplementation. Investigated conditions included dermatopathies (dogs n = 7), osteoarthritis (dogs n = 7, cats n = 2), cardiovascular diseases (dogs n = 7), dyslipidaemias (dogs n = 1), gastroenteropathies (dogs n = 2), chronic kidney disease (dogs n = 2, cats n = 3), cognitive impairment (dogs n = 4, cats n = 1), and behavioural disorders (dogs n = 3). When possible, dosages were standardised to mg/kg using available data on food intake and EPA/DHA concentrations. The minimum and maximum ranges of EPA and DHA, along with their ratios, were as follows: for dermatology 0·99–43 mg/kg EPA and 0·66–30 mg/kg DHA (ratio 1·4–3·4); for osteoarthritis 48–100 mg/kg EPA and 20–32 mg/kg DHA (ratio 1·5–3·4); cardiology 27–54·2 mg/kg EPA and 18–40·6 mg/kg DHA (ratio 1·3–1·5); dyslipidaemia 58·8 mg/kg EPA and 45·4 mg/kg DHA (ratio 1·3); cognition (1/5 studies) 225 mg/kg EPA and 90 mg/kg DHA (ratio 2·5); behaviour (1/3) 31 mg/kg EPA and 45 mg/kg DHA (ratio 0·7). Nephrology and oncology studies lacked sufficient data for calculation. Gastrointestinal diseases do not appear to benefit from omega-3 supplementation, likely due to inflammation-related malabsorption, although few adverse effects were reported in dogs. Other enteropathy studies were low-quality (case reports/series). The lowest omega-6/omega-3 ratio with anti-inflammatory effect was 1:3·75, and the highest was 5·5:1. In conclusion, the reviewed EPA and DHA doses appear effective for atopic dermatitis, osteoarthritis, cardiac disease, hyperlipidaemia, and cognitive and behavioural disorders. Further research is needed to clarify efficacy in gastrointestinal and oncological conditions.

Keywords

chronic diseases eicosanoids nutrition polyunsaturated fatty acids

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Type: Review Article
Information: Nutrition Research Reviews , First View , pp. 1 - 16

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954422425100115 [Opens in a new window]
Copyright: © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society

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