Converting knowledge from basic research into innovations that improve clinical care requires a specialized workforce that converts a laboratory invention into a product that can be developed and tested for clinical use. As the mandate to demonstrate more real-world impact from the national investment in research continues to grow, the demand for staff that specialize in product development and clinical trials continues to outpace supply. In this study, two academic medical institutions in the greater Houston–Galveston region termed this population the “bridge and clinical research professional” (B + CRP) workforce and assessed its turnover before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic . Both institutions realized growth (1.2 vs 2.3-fold increase) in B + CRP-specific jobs from 2017 to 2022. Turnover increased 1.5–2-fold after the onset of the pandemic but unlike turnover in the larger clinical and translational research academic workforce, the instability did not resolve by 2022. These results are a baseline measurement of the instability of our regional B + CRP workforce and have informed the development of a regional alliance of universities, academic medical centers, and economic development organizations in the greater Houston–Galveston region to increase this highly specialized and skilled candidate pool.

A translational team (TT) is a specific type of interdisciplinary team that seeks to improve human health. Because high-performing TTs are critical to accomplishing CTSA goals, a greater understanding of how to promote TT performance is needed. Previous work by a CTSA Workgroup formulated a taxonomy of 5 interrelated team-emergent competency “domains” for successful translation: 1). affect, 2). communication, 3). management, 4). collaborative problem-solving, and 5). leadership. These Knowledge Skills and Attitudes (KSAs) develop within teams from the team’s interactions. However, understanding how practice in these domains enhance team performance was unaddressed. To fill this gap, we conducted a scoping literature review of empirical team studies from the broader Science of Team Science literature domains. We identified specific team-emergent KSAs that enhance TT performance, mapped these to the earlier “domain” taxonomy, and developed a rubric for their assessment. This work identifies important areas of intersection of practices in specific competencies across other competency domains. We find that inclusive environment, openness to transdisciplinary knowledge sharing, and situational leadership are a core triad of team-emergent competencies that reinforce each other and are highly linked to team performance. Finally, we identify strategies for enhancing these competencies. This work provides a grounded approach for training interventions in the CTSA context.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: There is a scarcity of research examining the views of Black and Latine HIV care consumers on healthcare experiences that influence medical mistrust. The present qualitative study aims to bridge the existing gaps in the literature pertaining to the experiences of Black and Latine HIV care consumers. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We conducted 21 semi-structured interviews with Black and Latine HIV care consumers from November to December 2021 to explore perceptions of provider behaviors that increase or decrease HIV care consumers’ trust and mistrust, experiences of stigma, and behaviors and responses when experiencing medical mistrust. Conventional content analysis was conducted to derive meaning from the narratives shared by participants. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Provider behaviors that increase HIV care consumers’ mistrust include lack of person-centered care, lack of partnership in health decision making, perceived provider incompetence, lack of adequate follow-up to care, and lack of trustworthiness of providers and organizations. Perceived experiences of intersectional stigma in healthcare included feeling judged and discriminated against by healthcare providers regarding HIV status and observing differential care outcomes and delayed care delivery by race and ethnicity. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Findings can inform the development of provider-level interventions to address medical mistrust.

Objectives/Goals: The Wake Forest Clinical and Translational Science Institute (CTSI) has integrated academic goals of T0-T4 translation, scholarship, and education into our Academic Learning Health System (aLHS) framework. Our Translation Research Academy (TRA) provides rigorous training for outstanding and diverse K12 and early-career faculty to develop LHS core competencies. Methods/Study Population: The TRA Forum is the main vehicle for delivering an aLHS-oriented curriculum. Currently, the program includes six K12 scholars and 18 other early-career research faculty with facilitated access to CTSI resources. The TRA Forum is a 2-year seminar series that meets twice a month to discuss topics relevant to the aLHS, leadership, and career development. Inclusion of first- and second-year scholars facilitates peer mentorship, allowing Year 2 scholars to share insights with new scholars. Forum sessions are developed around adult learning theory: Each participant is asked to contribute their experience to discussions, and sessions focus on real-world examples. Results/Anticipated Results: Scholar and faculty commitment is very high. For the first 30 min., scholars present their work in small groups. This extends the range of disciplines exposed (64% of TRA graduates found this very helpful) and promotes translational traits of boundary crosser, team player, and systems thinker. Participants view the TRA as an opportunity to form internal peer networks, promote peer mentoring, and establish new collaborations. The remaining 60 minutes are used for education. Sessions include nominated topics and those providing a solid foundation in core aLHS competencies and characteristics of translational scientists. Educational sessions (97%) were rated as helpful or very helpful. Discussion/Significance of Impact: TRA scholars receive rigorous training in a highly supportive environment to produce aLHS researchers with skills to transcend boundaries, innovate systems, create new knowledge, and rigorously evaluate results.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The goal of this project is to investigate dementia caregivers’ needs, barriers to access, and current utilization of community-based dementia-care services in Alabama, and how these vary across rural/urban settings and racial groups. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We partnered with Marketry Inc. to recruit and conduct interviews among three groups: dementia caregivers, healthcare providers, and aging services representatives. We recruited caregivers from dementia support groups and aging services in 2 rural and 2 urban Alabama counties. Purposive and snowball sampling was used to recruit healthcare providers and aging services representatives. Interviews were conducted by trained Marketry staff, recorded, and transcribed verbatim. Rapid content analysis was conducted by three investigators using the Social Determinants of Health as a coding framework to assess patterns in barriers and facilitators to utilizing community-based dementia resources. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We interviewed 5 healthcare providers, 32 caregivers, and 15 aging services representatives. Providers thought that the process of memory loss care is not streamlined and they lack key information necessary to fulfill their role. Caregivers expressed a need for more dementia education, social connection, and access to financial resources. Aging services agencies need more funding and volunteers to sustain community-based dementia services. Dementia resources, like memory clinics, were more available in urban than in rural counties. African-American caregivers mentioned a reluctance to accept outside help for taking care of their loved ones with dementia, potentially due to distrust. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: There is a need for more accessible dementia services in rural AL and a need to build service trust and familiarity, especially among African-American caregivers. Future research should develop tools for providers and caregivers to start conversations and increase awareness of service availability.

OBJECTIVES: We developed the concept of the extra-territorial translational team (ETTT) in 2014 as a more inclusive revision and extension of the team science concept. Translational thinking is largely marked by the perception of the team as a thing-like structure at the center of the scientific activity. Collaboration accordingly involves bringing external others (e.g., scientists, community members, and clinicians) into the team through limited or dependent participation. The ETTT is intended to frame the team as an idea: a schema for assembling and managing relationships among otherwise disparate individuals with vested interests in the problem at hand. Thus, the ETTT can be seen as a process as well as an object. Our initial focus was on the very successful SCI Café program (where Science and Communities Interact) conducted through the Institute for Translational Sciences and the Center for Translational Sciences Award at UTMB. We found that by looking beyond the taken-for-granted features of translational research teams, we are free to discover new ways of organizing research and community engagement that are innovative yet productive. The major area of growth, however, has been the Research, Education, And Community Health Coalition (REACH). The purpose of the current study is to outline strategies for inventorying and evaluating the emerging programs that are the major components of REACH and the SCI Café and to suggest implications for the extra-territorial translational team concept. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The assessment of the extraterritorial team concept in REACH and SCI Café is primary a process of qualitative content analysis. We use semi-structured interviews with project leadership, observations of the actual performance of the REACH teams, and the review of REACH and SCI Café documents, for example, Quantitatively, we have conducted a Community Health Needs Assessment (CHNA) to better understand community health and resource needs. RESULTS: Both the SCI Café program and the REACH initiative follow the principles of the ETTT concept for assembling and managing research and community outreach. The following are several key principles shared by both programs: (1) The importance of creative, applicable, and inclusive mission statements: (a) REACH seeks to facilitate communication, collaborative research, and service efforts between UTMB and Institute for Translational Sciences investigators and Galveston County community leaders; (b) The SCI Café hosts interactive dialogs that serve as a medium for priming, organizing, communicating and strategizing among the individuals involved in team science via community-based research projects. (2) Increasing scientific and health literacy: (a) REACH seeks to increase literacy through both short-term and long-term interactions; (b) The SCI Café focuses on short-term yet intensive interaction through conversations among researchers, clinicians, and the public. (3) Sharing timely scientific public health information with the community: (a) REACH seeks information from community leaders on relevant topics; (b) The SCI Café can mobilize quickly to respond to timely topics by direct communication with a wide range of stakeholders, academic as well as community based. (4) Sharing leadership with the community: (a) REACH establishes formal relationships with 23 UTMB units and 39 broad-based, high impact Galveston County organizations. (b) The SCI Café works primarily with “grass roots” community-level groups and organizations. (5) Creating resources and strategies for expansion: (a) REACH is working to expand its activities to other counties in the Gulf Coast area of Texas (e.g., Brazoria and Matagorda Counties); (b) The SCI Café is expanding its program to comfortable locations accessible to local residents (e.g., schools and libraries). (6) The value of regular and systematic scientific and evaluation: (a) REACH is conducting a Community Health Needs Assessment (CHNA) that has already discovered major issues of relevance to community leaders including mental health, vaccination rates, food security, disaster preparedness, and caregiving. (b) The SCI Café conducts an evaluation survey at the conclusion of every event to stay current with participants interests and needs. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: (1) In order to maintain the ability to operate extra-territorially (i.e., beyond the safe organizational confines of the University), the 2 programs discussed here must maintain a fluid team structure. Different projects require different types of leadership, grass roots participation, university resources, communications/public relations, etc. (2) The strategy of accumulating and disseminating best practices appears to be one of the most valuable products of the extra-territorial team. (a) REACH’s “Offer and Ask” practice by which information of university and community resources (skills and expertise) are shared makes cooperation and shared leadership explicit. (b) The SCI Café’s interactional strategies for encouraging and enabling café participants to join the discussion/conversation are wonderful ways to convert an otherwise unidirectional lecture into a vibrant conversation. (3) Although the scope of these 2 programs is quite different, the message from both is that the principles of extra-territorial translational teams are application to all such endeavors to improve scientific and health literacy.

ABSTRACT IMPACT: o The Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute K-12 STEM Outreach Program’s pivoted to a virtual program in summer 2020 which yielded novel approaches that could be retained in future years to extend the reach/impact of our pipeline program. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: o Provide students with a meaningful and safe research experience during the COVID Pandemic. o Develop new modules and approaches that could be delivered virtually. o Engage students from communities that were not possible in previous years when in person meetings were required. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: o The program has historically supported over 100 high school students per year in a summer research internship for the last 5 years. Students are placed with academic research mentors in various Schools and Departments across the IUPUI campus, and also with industry laboratories. o COVID-related restrictions required development of 100% virtual program. Key aspects of the virtual program included: cohort-based research mentor assignments with 1-4 mentees matched per research mentor, research projects that could be conducted virtually, heavy engagement of high-school teachers to facilitate the research experience with cohorts of mentees, a more rigorous virtual seminar series that included new modules such as COVID-specific programming and thus enhancing public education about COVID. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: o The program served 130 students in summer 2020. o We were able to recruit new faculty and industry mentors involved in data science research. As a result, we have now increased our mentor pool to serve more students in the future. o Because student participation was virtual, we were able to accept students from further distances (up to 120 miles away) across the state. We were also able to accept local economically disadvantaged students that may have not been able to participate because of lack of reliable transportation. o A positive unanticipated outcome was that mentees relationships with the mentors was established virtually thus increasing the potential for students to remain engaged in their research. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: o Adapting to a virtual platform provided research experience to high school students during a time when traditional approaches were not possible. Given some research experiences do not require in-person activities, this newly established model could be used moving forward to allow more statewide engagement in research experiences.

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: The clinical and translational research workforce is in jeopardy due to investigator attrition and competing demands upon researchers. Resilience and wisdom are measurable traits that can be acquired. The aim of this study was to examine a pilot curricular intervention promoting resilience and wisdom formation in early-career translational researchers. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We conducted a prospective, mixed-methods evaluation of a curricular intervention promoting the development of wisdom and resilience among junior faculty in a career development program. Six 90 minute sessions were delivered between September 2017 and January 2018. Pre- and post- resilience and wisdom were measured using the Connor Davidson Resilience Scale and 3D-Wisdom Scale. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted before and after the intervention RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Five scholars participated. Median resilience and wisdom scores revealed moderate levels of each trait; pre- and post-scores were not significantly different. Four themes emerged from the analysis of interview transcripts: 1. “Success” broadly defined; 2. Adversity threatens success; 3. Community breeds resilience; and 4. Wisdom formation parallels growth towards independence. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: An intervention aimed at developing capacities of resilience and wisdom is feasibly delivered to early career researchers. The relationship between these capacities and the sustainability of a research career warrants additional study.

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Scholars and faculty in the Clinical and Translational Science (CTS) track of our institution’s biomedical science graduate school reported a lack of satisfaction with our learning management system (LMS); specifically, they reported frustration with the amount of time spent locating learning assignment guidelines, course readings, and submission portals. As a result, we created a new master template to address their concerns. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: A new template was created within the LMS based on scholar and faculty feedback. Surveys and other tools have been used to determine student and faculty satisfaction as well as measure secondary outcomes of time spent in the online learning space. Some key changes include a redesigned menu and submission portal. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: There was an increase in satisfaction with the new LMS template. Next steps include systematically rolling out the new template, with continued solicitation of feedback from all stakeholders. All courses in the CTS track will be converted to the new template by summer quarter 2020. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: The strengths of this project include the multidisciplinary team-based approach to improving course satisfaction and usability, as well as the use of innovative technologies. Additionally, the analytical capabilities of the LMS will be maximized in the new template, which was a shortcoming of the previously available template.

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: To identify the most frequently reported barriers/constraints and resources by junior faculty in achieving their goals at a large medical school in the Western United States. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We reviewed 222 individual development plans (IDPs) from 26 departments in an academic medical center for content regarding constraints and resources to achieve activities and barriers and/or resources to achieve new goals. The content and quality of the IDPs included was ascertained using quantitative data analysis as well a review of open-ended qualitative questions. In addition to analyzing the content, the quality and percent completion of data filled out for each field in the IDP was also assessed to help identify gaps with departments in successfully completing and submitting their IDPs. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Junior faculty indicated the following barriers: time/time management (55%); work/life balance (32%); funding (8%) and other (5%). Junior faculty also indicated that they had resources to help them achieve their goals, including: mentors (60%); collaborators (26%); colleagues (6%); other (8%). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: The barriers in goal achievement (e.g., time/time management & work/life balance issues) at this academic medical setting suggest that further resources regarding time management and work - life balance need to be developed and disseminated in order to assist faculty in achieving their objectives. This project also reinforces the importance of having a robust mentor or mentoring team for junior faculty. Mentors and administrators should work collaboratively with junior faculty to identify resources to improve time management and work-life balance.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Mechanisms underlying racial and ethnic disparities in rectal cancer care remain poorly understood. We aimed to identify barriers and facilitators to care among rectal cancer patients who identify as Hispanic/Latino (H/L) and to understand how these factors may differ based on rurality, social/physical context, and community support. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We utilized qualitative methods and a community-based participatory research framework, including partnership with a community-based organization and oversight from a community advisory board. We developed an initial semi-structured interview guide based on an ecological model of health behavior and then iteratively refined it with the assistance of our partners to incorporate unique aspects of the H/L community in a culturally appropriate manner. Eligible patients and their caregivers are invited to participate in hour-long interviews in both English and Spanish, depending on participants’ preferences. All interviews are recorded, translated, transcribed, and coded. Findings will be compiled and fed back to participantsand community stakeholders as a part of a community forum. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We identified 6 areas for discussion based on our model: health beliefs (perceived severity, benefit, and barriers; self-efficacy), health literacy, others’ experiences with cancer, patient-provider relationship (patient-provider communication; provider-provider communication; language; cultural competency; discrimination), sources of support, and access to care. Participants are currently being recruited by clinical providers, through flyers in the cancer center, or via outreach from our community partner. We have interviewed 8 participants to date, with discussions ranging from the shock of the initial diagnosis, difficulties with navigating specialty care, and the complexities of shared decision making. We are expecting a total of 30-40 interviews to reach thematic saturation. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: We hope to improve our understanding of mechanisms underlying racial and ethnic disparities in rectal cancer care and to identify potential targets for improvement. We plan to use our results to develop community-based policy interventions to improve care delivery, patient experience, and health equity.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Wild-type transthyretin amyloid (ATTRwt) deposits have been found to deposit in the ligamentum flavum (LF) of spinal stenosis patients prior to systemic and cardiac amyloidosis, and is implicated in LF hypertrophy. Currently, no precise method of quantifying amyloid deposits exists. Here, we present our machine learning quantification method. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Images of ligamentum flavum specimens stained with Congo red are obtained from spinal stenosis patients undergoing laminectomies and confirmed to be positive for ATTRwt. Amyloid deposits in these specimens are classified and quantified by TWS through training the algorithm via user-directed annotations on images of LF. TWS can also be automated through exposure to a set of training images with user- directed annotations, and then application to a set of new images without additional annotations. Additional methods of color thresholding and manual segmentation are also used on these images for comparison to TWS. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We develop the use of TWS in images of LF and demonstrate its potential for automated quantification. TWS is strongly correlated with manual segmentation in the training set of images with user-directed annotations (R = 0.98; p = 0.0033) as well as in the application set of images where TWS was automated (R = 0.94; p = 0.016). Color thresholding was weakly correlated with manual segmentation in the training set of images (R = 0.78; p = 0.12) and in the application set of images (R = 0.65; p = 0.23). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Our machine learning method correlates with the gold standard comparator of manual segmentation and outperforms color thresholding. This novel machine learning quantification method is a precise, objective, accessible, high throughput, and powerful tool that will hopefully pave the way towards future research and clinical applications.

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: The goal is to understand the underlying mechanism of epicaridial fat biology and its response to cardiometabolic disease by using quantitative multi-echo Dixon (mDixon) of water and lipid sequence, T2* blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) sequence of iron content, and data analysis methods to determine the quantity of brown Versus white fat. To accomplish this goal, we propose to define the histological, genetic, and metabolite state of epicardial fat and to confirm the relationship between fat phenotype and magnetic resonance (MR) characteristics. We will then investigate whether MR is more effective in identifying patients with lower cardiovascular disease risk than computed tomography (CT). METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We will recruit 100 patients undergoing open-heart surgery and will quantify mDixon (proton density fat fraction), BOLD (T2*), and T2/T1 maps of epicardial, extrapericardial, and subcutaneous fat before their surgery. We will then (a) validate MR findings by direct depot-specific tissue analysis for lipid content, histological, and genetic markers of inflammation and brown and white fat, (b) develop plasma and fat depot specific metabolite profiling of cardiovascular disease risk and correlate with imaging characteristics. We will categorize cardiovascular risk score (Cardiovascular Health Status) of our 100 patients on quartiles. We will then build models where the categorized cardiovascular risk score are regressed on MR measures (epicardial fat fraction, T2*, and T2/T1 maps) and CT measures (epicardial fat volume and coronary calcium score). RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We anticipate to learn about epicardial fat biology and the role of inflammation in cardiometabolic disease. We will validate proton density fat fraction, T2* and T2 map against histology of epicardial fat for lipid content, established markers of brown and white fat and inflammation, respectively, to help us translate imaging technique to clinical practice. In respect to our second aim we anticipate that MR identifies patients at lower cardiovascular risk quartile than CT. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Interest in epicardial fat as a visceral fat of the heart and coronary arteries is rapidly growing as the scientific based evidence indicates that the anatomic specificity is an important contributor to the cardiovascular diseases. The transformation of epicardial fat from a cardioprotective phenotype to a pro-inflammatory, atherosclerosis-promoting state triggers inflammation that is coincident with the expansion of epicardial fat volume detected by anatomic imaging. This study will impact the management of patients at risk for cardiovascular disease because it will demonstrate that quantification of epicardial fat status by MR identifies fat tissue changes validated by histology at lower cardiovascular disease risk quartile than CT.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: We present findings of an academic-community health agency study that explored knowledge of cervical cancer and risks among Latinas. The collaboration between the UCLA School of Nursing and AltaMed, a community-based health organization provided diverse clinical training and opportunities to decrease disparities in marginalized communities. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We developed a 19-item open-ended survey guide (English/Spanish) to explore knowledge, beliefs and practices related to cervical cancer. Eight nursing students (females and males) completed a 10-week public health focused practicum at four clinical sites. Students interviewed volunteer Latinas (N = 51) and recorded their responses. Prior to surveying Latina clients, the nursing instructor developed a script and mentored the student through the recruitment process. The survey included items on the Papanicolaou exam (pap smear), the HPV, beliefs and knowledge of risks for cervical cancer and recommendations for health service delivery. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The Latina participants ranged in age from 20-50s, 70% spoke English, most were US born (52%) and 29% were from Mexico. The majority had received a Pap exam (88%), but fewer understood the purpose for the Pap (72%) or the association between HPV and cervical cancer (6%). Five major themes emerged: (1) knowledge deficits regarding women’s preventive care, and the HPV vaccine; (2) limited Spanish language educational materials; (3) importance of respectful client-provider interactions; (4) modesty; and 5) scheduling appointments and the importance of a diverse workforce that understand cultural and language nuances. Recommendations included ways to improve health literacy, cervical cancer knowledge, and delivery of culturally specific health care. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Finding highlight the importance of putting “personalismo” into practice; linking health behaviors, vaccines, and health care to addresses cervical cancer risks. The collaboration maximized student experiences with opportunities build evidence based sustainable programs for vulnerable communities.

Objectives/Goals: The Clinical and Translational Research (CTR) pathway aims to increase the number of health science professionals participating in CTR in their careers throughout the WWAMI Region (Washington, Wyoming, Alaska, Montana, and Idaho). Methods/Study Population: The first cohort of thirty-one students started in January 2024 and were organized into three groups that met weekly. One in-person group of students in Anchorage, AK; one in-person group in Seattle, WA; and a group of students from across the WWAMI region convened virtually. Students completed a year-long series of elective courses addressing fundamental concepts of designing, conducting, and presenting the results of a research project. Over the summer between year 1 and year 2 of medical school, students dedicated 8 weeks to full-time research activities under the supervision of their research project mentor. In Fall 2024, students prepared and presented research posters at regional poster sessions and abstracts and oral presentations for submission to the Western Medical Research Conference in January 2025. Results/Anticipated Results: The ultimate goal of the CTR pathway is to increase the number of medical providers across the WWAMI region with significant awareness, interest, and experience in research. Many students hesitate to engage in research due to a perceived lack of necessary skills. The CTR pathway addresses this gap by equipping students with the research competencies needed to participate confidently in scientific inquiry. Feedback from the inaugural cohort has been overwhelmingly positive, with many students highlighting how the CTR pathway enhanced their confidence and knowledge, empowering them to execute their proposed research projects successfully. Our second cohort of students joined the CTR pathway in January 2025. Discussion/Significance of Impact: The CTR pathway positions early medical students to engage in research more deeply during their medical training and prepares them to seek additional training opportunities toward a career in research. The majority of students in the first cohort were located at regional sites and many have interest in practicing in rural or underserved areas.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The COVID-19 pandemic impacted health systems and exposed disparities in access to health care among underserved populations. We examined how the pandemic shaped social, mental, and physical health among Native American and Latino communities in rural and underserved areas. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Using Theory of Planned Behavior, Social Cognitive Theory, and Social Contextual Factor frameworks, we developed interview guides to examine perceptions of the COVID-19 pandemic on social, mental, and physical health among community members. Stakeholders of the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Reservation in Montana and the Hispanic/Latinx population in Yakima Valley in Washington were selected through purposeful community-engagement. A total of six focus group discussions and 30 key informant interviews were administered in both communities. A codebook was developed and deductive coding was applied to informant responses, followed by an inductive, constant comparison approach. The codebook was further refined and inter-rater agreement was completed by three analysts. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Four themes were highlighted as areas impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic (mental and physical health, family dynamics, and social disruptions) with few differences among geographic areas or between focus group (n=39) and key informant (n=28) participants. Perceived impacts on mental health included increased stress, anxiety, and depression, while pandemic-related lifestyle or family changes impacted physical health. Participants reported changes to family routines and dynamics due to staying home, social distancing, and more frequent interactions inside or limited interactions outside the household respectively. Social distruptions reported included impacts on finances, employment, and household staples, though participants highlighted how many community members stepped up to help those in need. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: The COVID-19 pandemic had similar impacts on two geographically distinct underserved communities in Montana and Washington. Understanding the community’s experience with the COVID-19 pandemic is critical to identify strategies to support families, community needs, and mental and physical health in underserved communities.

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Attention is a cognitive function that binds perception and behavior. Recent evidence suggests that attention involves phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) of neural signals. PAC occurs when the amplitude of one frequency (frequency for amplitude) is maximal at particular phases of another frequency (frequency for phase). However, some studies suggest PAC improves attention, while others maintain that PAC inhibits attention. The present study seeks to determine whether PAC promotes or inhibits neural signals that underlie attention. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Six adult epilepsy patients with implanted electrodes participated in a cued attention task. Subjects participated in a cued attention task where they oriented attention to one side of the screen at a time and discriminated between stimuli as fast as possible with mouse clicks. Perception-related electrodes discriminated the location and/or shape of the target. These were determined with a cluster-based permutation test. Behavior-related electrodes predicted reaction time (RT) with neural activity prior to target appearance. These were determined with correlations between PAC and RT. PAC was calculated using the modulation index (MI). RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We found 47 perception-related electrodes that discriminated location and/or shape of target (p<0.05, FDR corrected). We found 27 behavior-related electrodes where PAC prior to the target predicted RT (p<0.05 FDR corrected). There was little overlap between the perception-related and behavior-related electrodes (3%). PAC also did not discriminate left-sided and right-sided cues. In addition, behavior-related electrodes had less local neural activity and higher PAC during the period of cued attention than perception-related electrodes. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: PAC minimally facilitates perceptual aspect of visual attention. However, PAC facilitate response speed. We suggest that PAC might improve response speed by “quieting” task irrelevant neural activity. For the same reason, PAC is absent in electrodes that are actively processing meaningful streams of visual data. These findings highlight separable aspects of the human attention system and how PAC contributes to both. Future directions include determining differences in PAC for attentional disorders like ADHD and neurological neglect.