OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: We hypothesize that both NGF and TNF-α contribute to oral cancer pain by upregulating pro-nociceptive inflammatory cytokines. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: In total, 48 oral cancer patients were evaluated and their pain scores were measured using a validated oral cancer pain questionnaire. Presence of perineural invasion (PNI) was identified from patients’ pathology reports. We utilized The NIH Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Head and Neck Cancer cohort to investigate the association between pain and genes related to NGF, TNF-α, and their receptors (TRKA, P75, TNF-α receptor 1, and TNF-α receptor 2) in oral cancer samples by employing PNI as a surrogate for pain. Demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, and genes were analyzed using logistic regression models. A xenograft cancer pain model was created by inoculating human oral cancer cells (HSC-3) into the mouse hind paw. Mice (n=6 per group) were treated with anti-NGF alone, anti-TNF-α alone, a combination of anti-NGF and anti-TNF-α, or PBS (vehicle control). Nociceptive behaviors were measured using an electronic paw withdrawal assay. Paw volume was measured using a plethysmometer. Cytokines in the paw tissues were measured using a multiplex assay kit with 28 cytokines. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Oral cancer patients with PNI report significantly more pain compared with patients without PNI in our patient cohort (p<0.05). From analysis of TCGA data, we found that PNI is significantly associated with lymphovascular invasion, pathological nodal invasion, and pathological tumor staging (all p<0.05). In adjusted models, we observed that the NGF receptor p75NTR (NGFR) and the TNF-α receptor 1 (TNFRSF1A) were associated with PNI (both p<0.05) and significantly correlated to each other (r=0.25, p<0.001). High levels of TNF-α were present in HSC-3 cell lines and the mouse xenograft cancers. In mice with cancer pain, combined treatment with anti-NGF and anti-TNF-α together provided more effective pain control compared with either anti-NGF or anti-TNF-α treatment alone (p<0.05). We found significantly increased levels of MIP3a, IL-1b, IL-2, IL-4, IL-28b, IL-23, IL17a, IL-31, and IL-33 in cancer mice compared with normal mice (all p<0.05). The combination therapy significantly reduced cytokines MIP3a, IL-1b, IL-4, IL-28b, IL-31, and IL-33 (all p<0.05). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: We show that targeting both NGF and TNF-α provides more effective pain relief in an oral cancer model. These results suggest that therapeutic strategies aimed at both pathways could yield improved pain management for oral cancer patients.

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: The Life’s Simple 7 (LS7) metric was created by the American Heart Association with the goal of educating the public on seven modifiable factors that contribute to heart health. While it is well documented that these ideal health behaviors lower risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the general population, the association between the LS7 ideal health metrics and end stage renal disease (ESRD) risk has not been examined in a lower socioeconomic population at high risk for both ESRD and CVD. Our objective is to examine the association between the LS7 score and incident ESRD in a cohort of white and black men and women in the southeastern US, where rates of CVD and ESRD are high. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The Southern Community Cohort Study recruited ~86,000 low-income blacks and whites in the southeastern US (2002-2009). Utilizing a nested case-control design, our analysis included 1628 incident cases of ESRD identified via linkage of the cohort with the United States Renal Data System (USRDS) from January 1, 2002 to March 31, 2015. Controls (n = 4884) were individually matched 3:1 with ESRD cases based on age, sex, and race. Demographic, medical, and lifestyle information were obtained via baseline questionnaire. The AHA definitions for ideal health were used for non-smoking (never or quit >12 months), body mass index (BMI<25kg/m2) and physical activity (>75 min/week of vigorous physical activity or >150min/week of moderate/vigorous activity). Modified definitions were used for consuming a healthy diet [Healthy Eating Index (HEI10) score>70] and for blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, and total cholesterol, based on self-reported no history of diagnosis of hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia, respectively. The number of ideal health parameters were summed to generate the LS7 score, which ranged from 0-7 with higher scores indicating more ideal health. Adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for incident ESRD associated with LS7 score were calculated using conditional logistic regression models, adjusting for income and education. The SCCS ESRD case-cohort dataset will be available by TS 2019 and analyses will be completed to adjust for baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) as a marker of kidney function and to examine whether eGFR modifies the relationship between LS7 and incident ESRD. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: At baseline, mean age was 54 years, 55% (3600) of participants were women, and 87% (5656) were black. A total of 58% (943) of ESRD cases were non-smokers compared to 54% (2633) of controls. ESRD cases had higher prevalence of BMI>25 kg/m2 (81% vs. 74%), hypertension (84% vs. 59%), hypercholesterolemia (48% vs. 34%), and diabetes (66% vs. 22%) compared to controls. A total of 18% (839) of controls and 12% (194) of ESRD cases met ideal exercise recommendations, and 20% of either cases (302) or controls (916) had a HEI10 score above 70. The median LS7 score for controls and ESRD cases was 3 and 2, respectively, and 17% (983) of participants had a low score (0-1) while 2% (105) met 6 or 7 ideal health metrics. Higher LS7 score was associated with lower odds of ESRD (P-trend<0.001). Participants with LS7 score >3 (above median) had 75% reduced odds of ESRD (OR 0.25; 95% CI 0.22, 0.29) compared to those with a score of 2 or less. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: In the SCCS population, the presence of any 3 or more ideal health behaviors is associated with reduced odds of developing ESRD. The components of the LS7 represent important modifiable risk factors that may be targets for future interventions driven by the patient. The attributable risk due to each factor is needed to dissect which ideal behaviors are the most beneficial.

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: To compare functional differences in WJ-MSCs-derived from term Versus preterm infants. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: WJ-MSCs were enzymatically digested from umbilical cord tissue from Term (gestational age ≥37 wk, n=4) and Preterm (gestational age ≤32 wk, n=5) neonates. Cells were characterized by (1) surface antigen markers using flow cytometry, (2) ability to differentiate into adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic lineages following in vitro stimulation, (3) colony forming unit efficiency, (4) proliferation rates, and (5) cell motility assay. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: WJ-MSCs were successfully isolated from both Preterm and Term groups. Cells adhered to plastic and displayed characteristic spindle-shaped morphology when cultured under standard conditions. WJ-MSCs from both groups expressed surface antigen markers CD73, CD90, and CD146 (≥90%) and did not express hematopoietic markers HLA-DR, CD79, or CD117 (<5%). Preterm and Term cells were capable of differentiating into osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages. There were no significant differences between the groups when evaluated by colony forming efficiency, proliferation rates, or cell motility. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: These preliminary findings suggest that WJ-MSCs derived from full-term or preterm neonates have similar functional characteristics. Future studies will focus on the regenerative potential of WJ-MSCs from preterm and term infants following changes in the microenvironment (eg, oxygen tension, inflammatory stimulation).

ABSTRACT IMPACT: The development of marketing materials such as flyers and brochures will ultimately be used to promote integration of special populations who are traditionally underrepresented into research by informing and attracting scholars and investigators of available consultative and analytic services that are provided by the ISP Core staff. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The development of informative and memorable marketing materials is to increase awareness of the ISP Core and its service functions to help with the integration of special populations, as well as promoting scholar and investigator use of these services. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: After assessing how many CTSA hubs market their ISP services, a flyer and brochure were developed using Adobe InDesign to include information commonly found on CTSA hubs. Flyers and brochures were chosen because they make information physically available outside of a website and be sent to email listservs, making it possible to reach more scholars and investigators. The marketing materials will contain sections to explain the purpose of NJACTS and the ISP Core, list related special populations and available service functions, introduce the ISP Core leadership team, provide examples of past consulting work and contact information for investigators to request service consultations. Flyers will be emailed digitally to listservs and distributed physically along with printed tri-fold brochures to investigators. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The primary anticipated result from the development of marketing materials include an increased awareness and utilization of ISP Core services and an increased inclusion of special populations in research with NJACTS. The impact of these marketing materials maybe assessed by providing investigators with a short survey when ISP services are requested, which will ask how investigators learned about ISP and its services. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: Through the work of creating physical marketing materials, the ISP Core will have a method to effectively distribute information about its services, ultimately promoting investigators at all stages to integrate special populations into their research.

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Transgender individuals remain an underserved population with a unique set of healthcare needs. Given the recent increase in demand for gender affirmation surgery, there is a need to train urologists in the various aspects of surgical management of transgender patients. It is unclear how many urologic residency programs are participating in transgender care. In this study, we sought to determine the current status of urologic training programs in the delivery of transgender care and the sentiments regarding the current and future need to train urologists. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Between June and August 2017, a 22 item cross-sectional survey was emailed to all 138 program directors (PDs) as listed by the ACGME. Participation was voluntary and responses were anonymous. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS version 9.4. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: In total, 48 PDs completed the survey (36% of US PDs) and 1 declined to participate. All AUA regions had at least 25% representation, except the Western region (13%). In total, 42% of urology programs that responded participate in institutional transgender health programs; 76% of PDs believe there is a current or future need to train urology residents in the surgical care of transgender patients. PDs were significantly more likely to endorse a need for transgender training if their institution has a transgender health program (95% vs. 58%, p<0.005). Similarly, expressed interest in transgender care by trainees was associated with increased belief among PDs in the need for transgender training (95% vs. 58%, p<0.005). There was also an association between the presence of a transgender health program and trainee interest in transgender care (64% vs. 33%, p=0.04). Need for resident training in the following procedures was cited most often by PDs: complicated catheter placement (91%), orchiectomy (89%), urethral fistula repair (82%), penile/testicle prosthesis insertion (77%), phalloplasty (69%), vaginoplasty (66%), and metoidioplasty/urethral lengthening (54%). Despite the overall consensus that residents should be trained in transgender care, 83% of PDs responded that urologic transgender surgery should be trained in fellowship rather. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: There is an increased demand for surgeons competent in providing gender affirmation surgery. The majority of urology residency PDs believe in the need to train residents in the surgical care of transgender patients. A formalized curriculum for the urologic management of transgender patients should be instituted across residency programs to ensure adequate exposure and competency.

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Many CTSA programs have implemented curricula leading to clinical investigation master’s degrees. Evaluation of long-term outcomes for graduates can support curriculum improvement. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We evaluated graduates 1–3 years post completion of an MS in Clinical Investigation at the University of Utah. We administered the 12-item Clinical Research Appraisal Inventory (CRAI-12) describing confidence in ability to perform research tasks; we derived 6 CRAI sub-scales. Additional questionnaire items assessed current engagement in research, including percent of effort devoted to research and level of involvement in research projects using specific research methods. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Graduates reported high confidence for the CRAI domain of reporting, interpreting, and presenting (on a scale of 0–20, mean 17.9±SD 1.9) and the domain of conceptualizing and collaborating (16.5±2.2) on research projects; confidence was somewhat lower in the domains of planning (14.6±3.3) and funding (14.9±2.8) projects. Graduates’ estimated current professional effort devoted to research had a median of 32%, interquartile range (IQR) 20%–70%; among graduates with clinical responsibilities, median effort devoted to research was 23%, IQR 15%–45%. In total, 74% of graduates reported moderate or high involvement in research using existing large databases, 46% reported moderate or high involvement in comparative effectiveness research, and 54% reported moderate or high involvement in quality improvement. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: A majority of clinical investigation graduates remain engaged in research but most are able to devote less than one-third of professional effort to research. Evaluation of clinical investigation graduates who have moved into their research careers can inform program directors about domains of research expertise and methodological areas that may merit additional emphasis in the curriculum.

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: This study (1) investigated the presence and severity of autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction in patients with pre-symptomatic Huntington Disease (HD) and (2) determined if pharmacologic manipulation of the ANS could modify the progression of HD. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Using a unique data set of children at-risk for HD (the Kids-HD study), markers of autonomic function (resting heart rate [rHR], blood pressure [BP], and core body temperature [CBT]) were compared between pre-symptomatic, gene-expanded children (psGE) and healthy developing children using mixed models analyses controlling for sex, age, and body mass index. Included participants had to be < 18 years old and be at least 10 years from their predicted motor diagnosis of HD. Using the Enroll-HD database, inverse-propensity score weighted, Cox Regression analyses investigated the effects of beta-blockers on the timing of motor diagnosis of presymptomatic, adult patients with HD. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Compared to healthy controls, the psGE participants had significantly (p<0.05) higher mean rHR, systolic BP percentile, and CBT compared to the healthy controls (elevated by 4.01 bpm 0.19°C, and 5.96 percentile points, respectively, in the psGE group). Participants from Enroll-HD who were using a beta-blocker prior to motor diagnosis (n=65) demonstrated a significantly lower annualized risk of motor diagnosis [HR=0.56, p=0.03], compared to other participants with HD (n=1972). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Sympathetic nervous system activity is elevated in patients with HD decades prior to their predicted motor diagnosis. Furthermore, modulation of the sympathetic nervous system with beta-blockers significantly lowers the annualized risk of motor diagnosis of HD.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: An academic medical library evaluated an EHR data abstraction service by assessing uptake and publication metrics, including use by department, purpose of data abstraction requests and publication counts. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The evaluation included 167 requests for EHR data processed by the institution’s clinical research data management unit (CRDMU) and recorded in an intake form hosted on REDCap. These requests originated from various departments. The intake forms collected investigator and study information, as well as request completion dates. Information in the intake forms were matched with publications and meeting abstracts that were indexed in a database of faculty publications. Investigators who submitted EHR data requests that could not be readily matched to publications were contacted to verify the status of their studies and any associated publications. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The evaluation included 167 data requests submitted to the CRDMU between 2016 and 2018. These requests were categorized into the following use cases: retrospective studies (n=93); patient recruitment (n=50); and 'other' (i.e., education, training, or process improvement; feasibility assessments; machine learning (n=14)). By the end of the evaluation period, an average of four years after the data requests were submitted to the CRDMU, 60 of all 167 EHR datasets (35.9%) led to publications as articles or meeting abstracts. 64.5% of the EHR datasets requested for retrospective studies, 56% of the datasets requested for recruitment, and 79.1% of datasets requested for other uses did not lead to publications. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: These findings offer evidence that bibliometrics alone provide limited insight into the value of services and data utilized for secondary research. Data ecosystem stakeholders are encouraged to consider—and develop—scalable, reproducible, and more holistic assessments of the impact of their services.

ABSTRACT IMPACT: Development and implementation of a parent navigator program to help parents of justice-involved youth could assist parents in navigating the justice system, improve engagement with court and probation, and ultimately improve outcomes for youth involved in the juvenile justice system OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The goals of the study are to (1) develop a parent-peer navigator program utilizing community-based participatory design; and (2) implement and assess the feasibility of a parent peer navigator program in an urban juvenile justice system. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The EPIS framework will guide development and implementation of the navigator program as well as measurement of the implementation process, including measurements of feasibility and acceptability. In the Exploration phase, qualitative interviews with juvenile justice staff, parents of justice-involved youth, and members of the local family advisory board will inform program needs. In the preparation stage, I will work closely with the family advisory board to develop the actual parent navigator program protocol, including a training plan for navigators and their specific roles. I will conduct an open trial in the implementation phase, measuring program feasibility and acceptability among parents, navigators, juvenile justice staff, parents, and youth utilizing mixed methods. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Results will inform feasibility of implementing the program as well as acceptability of the program based on mixed methods data from parents of justice-involved youth, juvenile justice staff, family advisory board members, and other community stakeholders. Results will potentially inform conduct of a larger scale pilot hybrid implementation-effectiveness study. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: Development and implementation of a parent navigator program to help parents of justice-involved youth could assist parents in navigating the justice system, improve engagement with court and probation, and ultimately improve outcomes for youth involved in the juvenile justice system.

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: To assess the efficacy of exogenous administration of MSCs in animal models of HIE. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Adhering to the Systematic Review Protocol for Animal Intervention Studies, a systematic search of English articles was performed using MEDLINE, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Google Scholar. Search term items included mesenchymal stem/stromal cell, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, asphyxia, cerebral ischemia, and neonatology. We selected randomized and nonrandomized studies that examined in vivo neonatal models of induced HIE. We excluded studies that combined MSCs with an adjunct therapy. Data were collected on study specifics, MSC characteristics, and outcome measurements. The primary outcome was efficacy of MSC treatment, assessed by functional neurologic measures (cognitive, motor, sensory). Risk of bias was assessed using the SYRCLE’s risk of bias tool and we used the ARRIVE guidelines to describe the quality of study reporting. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: A total of 17 preclinical publications focusing on MSC therapy for HIE met our inclusion criteria. Fifteen of the studies (88%) induced HIE in rodents by ligating the common carotid artery followed by a period of hypoxic exposure. Nine (53%) studies derived their MSCs from rodent bone marrow, whereas the other investigators provided xenografts from human bone marrow or umbilical cord-derived MSCs. Range of MSC dose was between 0.25 and 3.5× 106 cells with 71% of the experiments transplanting the MSCs intranasally or intracerebral. Three studies (18%) administered multiple doses. The cylinder rearing test was the most common (73%) sensorimotor functional outcome performed in the first month following the establishment of HIE. All studies demonstrated a reduction in asymmetrical paw preference after receiving MSC therapy. Lesional size was assessed, using neuroimaging or histologic evaluations, and the majority of studies showed a decreased insult following MSC therapy. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: MSC treatment demonstrates improved functional and structural outcomes that are encouraging for future translational studies.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: This presentation outlines a novel approach to evaluating multiple risk factors for the development of dose-limiting toxicities in adolescents and young adults with cancer. This is the first to evaluate biobehavioral predictors originally identified in animal models in clinical human studies. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) have seen the slowest improvements in cancer survival and have some of the highest rates of dose-limiting mucositis (mouth sores). AYAs receiving chemotherapy with a significant chance of dose-limiting mucositis were recruited for a prospective study. Baseline perceived psychologic stress levels and inflammatory markers were collected at the time of chemotherapy administration and participants completed a daily assessment of mucositis for 14 days following chemotherapy. Logistic regression will be used to evaluate stress and inflammation as predictors of mucositis and Sobels testing will evaluate the role of inflammation as mediators in this relationship. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We anticipate that, as seen in animal models, stress and inflammation will predict mucositis development. First, we hypothesize that stress levels and inflammatory markers will have a direct correlation and that the level of inflammation at the time of chemotherapy administration will predict mucositis incidence and severity. Through mediation testing, we hypothesize that inflammatory markers will explain a significant amount of the variance in mucositis also explained by stress, identifying inflammation as a mediator in this relationship. In all, we expect that stress and inflammation both predict mucositis development and will be identified as important modifiable factors that can be altered to reduce the risk of toxicity development during cancer therapy. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: This work intends to evaluate predictors of chemotherapy-related toxicity development in AYAs with cancer and identify areas of intervention that will reduce toxicity profiles and close the gap in cancer survival for AYAs. Findings are applicable to biomedical, nursing, and psychosocial professionals and will inform future, large clinical studies

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Neonatal endotracheal tubes (ETTs) are usually uncuffed to avoid subglottic stenosis and other complications, but cuffed ETTs allow better ventilation. Our goal was to detect and control pressure in the cuff below the limit of occluding venous flow to minimize the risk of subglottic stenosis. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We designed a pressure sensor to fit on a 2.5 ETT for prototype testing in 8 age adult female rabbits. Eight uncuffed age- and sex- matched rabbits served as control. Study duration was 2 hours during which pressure in the cuff was limited by novel sensor (intervention) or auscultation (control). Anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane. Ventilation was provided mechanically. Subsequently the tracheae were removed, sectioned crosswise, and compared histologically for mucosal damage. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Preliminary data demonstrated an almost 30% greater amount of intact mucosa in the intervention group. The sensor also provided data on heart rate and respiratory rate, although this signal was not optimal. After filing an invention disclosure and provisional patent, we are refining our device to include multiple compartments for local control of cuff pressure and applying for a STTR Phase I/II application. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Ventilation in neonates with uncuffed ETTs can be suboptimal due to leak around the tube, but cuffed ETTs pose the threat of subglottic stenosis and other complications. We have designed a prototype cuffed ETT with a sensor to maintain low cuff pressure while preventing leaks and largely avoiding damage to the tracheal mucosa.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Recruiting under-resourced, rural nursing home (NH) staff to clinical research has proven especially difficult during COVID-19. The goal for this study was to leverage an existing group of NH providers to seek their opinions on the development of a novel person-centered risk management intervention for residents with dementia. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: This study used community engagement studios (CES) to connect and engage with community experts (NH staff and leaders) attending, or in close vicinity to, a NH provider conference in Denver, Colorado July 25-30, 2022. Led by an experienced moderator and an assistant moderator using a semi-structured discussion guide, two CES were completed with 14 community experts. Community experts took part in a 90-minute facilitated and recorded discussion to gain their perspectives on the DIGNITY (Decision-making in aging and dementia for autonomy) study procedures and instruments along with recommendations for how to improve the acceptability, feasibility, and likelihood of intervention success. The local IRB determined this study to not be human research. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Community experts most often identified as white/Caucasian (64%) females (93%) holding jobs in NHs as direct-care nurse/nursing aide (n=5), nurse supervisor/director (n=4), other NH leadership (n=3), nursing aide union organizers (n=2), and state surveyor (n=1). The primary outcomes of the CES were suggestions that could be used to adapt the elements of the study design. Following CESs, transcripts were reviewed and summarized on a rapid feedback table. The study team made changes to five of the six intervention elements based on expert feedback. Most experts (79%) agreed that the DIGNITY intervention was acceptable, appropriate, and feasible to implement in the NH community. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: This study highlighted the voices of NH staff and leaders that is often underrepresented in research development and provides critical information for how to adapt a novel intervention for future testing in rural NH communities. Results also support the usefulness of CES as a method to develop practical interventions in NH communities.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Premature birth and its complications are among the largest contributions to infant death within the US. The rates of premature birth and infant death are significantly higher among African Americans. Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand the biological and social drivers of this health disparities to improve birth outcomes. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: This is a retrospective cohort study of premature infants (< 28 weeks estimated gestational age, birth weight < 1500g) born within 2018 and 2021 to mothers who identify as either African American, or White/Caucasian Non-Hispanic and are cared for at Saint Louis Children’s Hospital Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. EPIC collected data will include maternal and fetal factors and social determinants of health (SDOH). ICD-9, ICD-10 codes for primary outcomes include grade 3-4 Interventricular Hemorrhage, moderate-severe Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia, Stage 2+ Necrotizing Enterocolitis, and moderate-severe Retinopathy of Prematurity. Will develop a composite variable score using the SDOH for risk/no risk using that for each disease outcome and mortality. Will use Chi-square test or T-test to compare groups. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We are currently in the data collection phase of the study, but we anticipate seeing an increase in risk of all-cause morbidity as well as all-cause mortality for infants born to Black mothers compared to infants born to White mothers. We anticipate higher levels of disadvantage (increased area deprivation scores) and lower access to the goods and services deemed necessary for appropriate care of Black mothers and subsequent relation to outcomes for their infants. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Following analysis and assessment of that analysis we will discuss these findings and the impact on the general population and the needs for improvement and implementation of interventions upstream in the care of the vulnerable and special mother-baby-dyad population.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: 1) In this literature review we want to explore the literature on DMHI (Interventions delivered via digital technologies, such as smartphones, websites, or text messaging), specifically designed to treat Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and/or to promote positive change & resilience after trauma. 2) We also want to evaluate the literature in terms of the theoretical model used in each DMHI, engagement, effectiveness, & potential harms/challenges. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We will review the literature that describes DMHI for PTSD, resilience, & positive change in persons exposed to psychological trauma (Exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence, as defined by the fifth edition of the Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders). We will review the following databases: PsychINFO, EBSCOhost, PubMed, & PsychiatryOnline. The following inclusion criteria will be used: 1) Interventions delivered by computer, smartphones, or online, 2) studies published between 1999-2019. Exclusion criteria will include reviews, opinion, or discussion articles, & unpublished works. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We expect to find that the most popular therapeutic model for DMHI is cognitive behavioral therapy. We also expect to find a higher number of web-based interventions, as opposed to phone-based interventions, or other types of DMHI. We also expect to find variable drop-out rates, low engagement, & small to moderate effect sizes. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: We expect our contribution to center on evaluating available DMHI for psychological trauma. This systematic literature review is expected to provide scientific justification for the development (or validation), & implementation of a DMHI that takes into account the results of previous studies. This contribution is expected to be significant because it will help in choosing, or developing an effective future intervention with DMHI. CONFLICT OF INTEREST DESCRIPTION: There is no conflict of interest in this study.

Objectives/Goals: Biomedical researchers must understand disease pathology mechanisms and participate in the translation of laboratory findings, research dissemination, and discovery implementation to improve health outcomes. Also, they need experience engaging diverse stakeholders. This requires intentional training as a translational scientist. Methods/Study Population: Our T32, pre-doctoral Translational Biomedical Sciences (TBS) Training Program addresses the 7 characteristics of a translational scientist: domain expert, boundary crosser, team player, process innovator, skilled communicator, systems thinker, and rigorous researcher. Core curriculum components include a clinical practicum where trainees shadow a clinical researcher; community-engaged research training with community member interactions to apply learned principles; a translational research informatics class with informatics, bioinformatics, and natural language processing training; a research seminar providing practical research dissemination and implementation experience; and a team science course where trainees learn to participate on/lead research teams. Trainees tailor the courses to their research areas. Results/Anticipated Results: Using the 7 characteristics of a translational scientist as a guiding framework, we developed five, one-semester courses (described above) integral to the development of the TBS trainees. The initial cohort of trainees are taking the classes, and they will evaluate the courses using Kirkpatrick’s Model, assessing reaction, learning, behavior, and results. The trainees will complete follow-up surveys annually throughout the doctoral program to evaluate ongoing changes in behavior and results. At semester end, trainees will also participate in focus groups to provide feedback about the courses, their relevance to the characteristics of a translational scientist, and barriers and facilitators to the development of the 7 characteristics. Iterative changes will be made to the courses based on trainees’ feedback. Discussion/Significance of Impact: The TBS Program will provide a comprehensive educational experience that prepares trainees for successful, independent research careers in the broad area of translational science as well as equipping them with the confidence to work across disciplines with diverse stakeholders to design, disseminate, and implement their research.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Utilized novel TS evaluation methods and tools: - Translational Science Case Study protocol adapted to examine translational support service practices, barriers and facilitators influencing translational movement. - Translational Science Benefits Model (TSBM) Checklist elements for translational/research impact analysis. Triangulated diverse data sources: - Primary data: semi-structured interviews with translational service stakeholders. - Secondary data: service’s applications, reports, and publications; public stories/news related to their research support; scientific publications; organizational/policy documents; and interviews with research stakeholders featured in published sources. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Translational challenges include: complexity and constant change of health data; lack of data/informatics literacy amongst researchers; limited appreciation and funding for research data services; silos of functionality and data related to biomedical informatics. Translational facilitators are: the UMN CTSA support; available infrastructure and knowledge base; researchers as the best promoters for services; multidisciplinary collaborations with research/community/healthcare teams; best practice approaches; and learning by doing. The translational/research support service contributes to community and public health, clinical/medical benefits, data literacy, catalyzing data-rich research, and health equity. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: The evaluation case study provides evidence and lessons learned related to translational benefits, challenges, and facilitators of a successful translational research support service integrating best informatics practices in clinical research and contributing to health equity improvement.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Geographic and linguistic isolation is associated with negative mental health outcomes, including increased risk for suicide, among ethnic/racial minorities. This study explores the feasibility of using smartphone technology with active and passive sensing to assess mental health symptoms and social behavior among at risk Spanish-speakers. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Participants were 13 Spanish-speaking adult outpatients who reported hopelessness/suicide ideation in the last month. Participants completed a baseline interview, 2-weeks of remote ecological momentary assessments (EMA; 4xday) using a smartphone with optional passive sensing (GPS, ambient sound recording), and a final interview. All participants identified as Hispanic (84.6% female, M age = 42.24 years). 53.8% identified as White, with 46.2% reporting race as Other (e.g., Indio, Trigueña). On average, participants had lived in the USA for 6.56 years (SD = 12.63 years). A majority (69.2%) met for Major Depressive Episode Current. At baseline, 53.8% reported passive and 23.1% reported active suicide ideation in the last month. 46.2% of participants reported a previous suicide attempt. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: A majority (84.6%) of participants consented to all passive data collection (GPS tracking and ambient sound recording). One participant dropped out after baseline and did not complete the EMA study portion. Participants completed on average 76.93% EMA survey instances (SD = 18.01%). Baseline depression/anxiety severity were significantly positively associated with symptom severity at 2-week follow-up (p < .01); however, baseline suicide ideation was not associated with ideation at follow-up. Participants did not report significant changes in mood or ideation from baseline to 2-week follow-up. Symptom severity at baseline was not associated with EMA instances completed. Percent of EMA instances completed were also not associated with symptom severity at follow-up, controlling for baseline severity. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Results support the feasibility of smartphones to assess mental health symptoms and behaviors in real time, real world settings with Spanish-speakers. A majority of patients consented to active and passive remote assessments. Adherence to remote EMA was good and study attrition was minimal. Implications and future directions will be discussed.

Objectives/Goals: Develop trauma-informed, victim-centered care skills. Foster student-led, translational research on trauma and victim services engage students in public policy and public health engagement support professional growth through research presentation and publication. Methods/Study Population: A review of the 2018–2021 mentorship program that engaged ten graduate students from diverse institutions (seven from San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, one from Interamerican University, one from UPR-Medical Sciences Campus, and one from Ponce Health Sciences University). Students participated in trauma-informed and victim-centered research projects focusing on sexual violence, child abuse, and victim services. They were mentored by Dr. Linda Laras and Dr. Linda Pérez at the Puerto Rico Health Justice Center, receiving hands-on experience through case discussions, literature review, research design, data collection, and presentations at the Start By Believing Symposium. Results/Anticipated Results: From 2018 to 2021, students developed trauma-informed care skills and conducted research on topics such as therapy dogs in courtrooms, victim services, and the impact of child sexual abuse. The results of this mentorship program included a publication in Cureus (10.7759/cureus.13644) and presentations at the Start By Believing Symposium, attended by legal and community professionals. The Fundación Intellectus Sexual Violence Research Scholarship was awarded, and the research earned award winning posters at multiple symposiums, including the SJBSM Interdisciplinary Research Symposium. Discussion/Significance of Impact: This mentorship translates trauma-informed research into real-world applications for sexual violence intervention. Medical students gain practical skills to address trauma in residency, while public health students shape policy. These research efforts have resulted in best practices and policy changes in Puerto Rico.