OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: To access obesity risk perceptions, knowledge and behaviors of Hispanic taxi cab drivers and develop a better understanding of the factors that influence health outcomes in this population. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Focus groups were conducted at NYC H+H/Lincoln, where subjects were screened and recruited from taxi bases with the help of the local Federation of Taxi Drivers. This was done by utilizing flyers, messages through taxi-base radios, and referrals from livery cab drivers. Approval from the local Institutional Review Board was obtained. The research investigators, developed a structured focus group procedural protocol of open-ended interview questions related to cardiovascular disease. Participants for the focus groups were older than 18 years old and working as livery cab drivers in NYC for at least 6 months. Three focus groups were held with informed consent obtained from each participant in their primary language before the start of each session. After completion of the focus group, participants received a gift voucher for attending the approximately 1-hour session. Focus groups were moderated by trained research staff members at Lincoln. Three main categories of questions were organized based on perception, knowledge, and behavior. Participants were questioned on topics about obesity, CVD and diabetes knowledge; knowledge about etiology, risk perception, possible prevention and interventions. Responses were recorded using audiotapes and transcribed verbatim. If participants did not elaborate on the initial question, a probing question was asked to clarify. The transcript was translated from Spanish by trained bilingual staff and analyzed using standard qualitative techniques with open code method. Four research investigators read the transcript separately and formulated concepts, which were then categorized and formulated into dominant themes. These themes were then compared and analyzed with a group consensus to ensure representative data. Once recurring themes emerged and the saturation point was reached, the study concluded, after enrolling 25 participants. The Health Believe Model (HBM) was employed to understand and explain the perceptions and behaviors of taxi drivers. HBM is one of the most widely recognized models and is used to understand, predict and modify health behavior. HBM helps to identify perception of risks of unhealthy behavior, barriers for having healthy behavior, actions taken by patients to stay healthy, self-efficacy and commitment to goals [12]. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Of the 25 Hispanic livery cab drivers, 92% were male. The majority of taxi drivers that participated in the study were immigrants (96%), with a mean age of 53 years (ranged 21–69), and 92%, were spoke Spanish. In total, 52% participants identified themselves as Hispanic, 20% White, 4% Black, and 20% did not identify their race. Mean body mass index (BMI) was 31 (22.8–38.7) kg/m2. In all, 56% were obese and another 40% were overweight. From this sample, 50% had been diagnosed with hypertension and 27% were living with diabetes. In all, 64% had a high school education or higher. Answers provided by the taxi drivers to focus group questions were recorded, reviewed and divided into 8 dominant themes based on concepts that emerged from the focus groups discussions. (a) Focus group study findings: Themes recorded during the focus group discussions, include poor diet, sedentary lifestyle, comorbidities/risk factors, stress, health not being a priority, discipline, education, and intervention. Participants shared their opinions in regards to these themes with minimal differences, making an emphasis on the fact that the nature of their profession was the root cause. Of the themes, the top 3 dominant themes include poor diet, sedentary/lifestyle and comorbidities/risk factors. (1) Diet: The theme “Poor diet” evolved from 151 related concepts that were described by participants. All 25 participants perceived their diet as bad due to eating high-fat meals associated with the cultural food and restaurant chains with lower food prices and ease of car parking. Drivers also reported that they did not have enough time to eat healthy foods based on their long working hours. They say: “comemos muy tarde por que preferimos montar un pasajero” … stating that they preferred to pick up passengers and delay their meals. However, they consider poor diet as the most decisive factor in their increased risk for obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. (2) Life Style: The theme “Sedentary lifestyle” was derived from 147 similar concepts described by participants. They believe that physical inactivity is another leading risk factor for obesity, diabetes, and CVD. The demands of the profession force them to drive more than 10 hours per day. They understand the importance of daily exercise but they admit that at the end of the workday they are too tired to exercise or “stop working” to participate in exercise as this means less money. They also understand that family history of obesity in addition to poor diet increases their risk of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular risks. (3) Comorbidity: The theme “Comorbidities” developed from 143 concepts grouped together. Taxi-drivers perceived that obesity complications directly affects many vital organs, such as the kidneys, the heart, and vasculature. Participants perceive obesity as important risk factor for high blood sugar and cholesterol levels. Taxi drivers see an association between their health condition and their work as a taxi driver. However, taxi-drivers reported that they are more concerned about the economic well-being of their families than themselves. Taxi-drivers begin to intervene in their own health only when more serious health conditions related to obesity, diabetes, and hypertension developed. (4) Work Stress: The theme “Stress/other risk factors” was derived from 141 concepts. Taxi-drivers perceive their profession with lack of organization and high-stress levels as one of the leading risk factors contributing to obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. They also attribute a combination of stressful lifestyle, poor diet, lack of exercise, consumption of alcohol and cigarettes as determining factors in developing negative health outcomes. “One participant says; Tenemos el paquete completo” … we have the entire package. (5) Health as a priority: The theme “Health is not a priority” was derived from 120 concepts based on the cab drivers’ responses. Taxi drivers prioritize their work while their health takes a back seat. They work long shifts as they feel the pressures of financial responsibilities of their family. They admitted lack of intentions to change their behavior and they consider themselves as “hard headed.” Drivers changed their behavior only when serious health conditions develop that require professional medical attention. Taxi drivers explain that the lack of time as being a big factor in pursuing preventative care. (6) Personal Discipline: The theme “Discipline” evolved from 80 concepts derived from the driver’s transcripts. Taxi drivers are aware of their lack of organizational skills in general, especially when it comes to the balance between work and a healthy lifestyle. Taxi drivers recognize that not being disciplined results in the development of their obesity and chronic health conditions. Drivers admit that they do not have a fixed schedule, with no direct supervision, and cannot find the time to go to the doctor or change their behavior. (7) Health Education: The theme “Education” was derived from79 concepts noted from the focus group discussion. Taxi drivers know that their lack of health education is affecting them. With little understanding about the severity of the disease process it is difficult to take proactive measures. They are interested in the development of programs that will educate them about obesity, diabetes and CVD prevention. They want to attend programs that can educate them about prevention of obesity, diabetes, and CVD prevention with strong focus on healthy eating. They understand that this would increase their ability to change their unhealthy behavior. (8) Health interventions: The last major theme “Intervention” was derived out of 71 concepts. When asked about possible interventions that might help them towards healthy behaviors, taxi drivers think that the use of technology as a means of education is very effective. They understand the most direct route to reach them is by cellphone, email, and social media such as Facebook. They also feel that it would be good to use this type of communication to not only to inform them about health issues, but to also educate them directly. (b) Application of Health Behavior Model: We employed the HBM, one of the most utilized and easy to understand health models (18, 20–22) to explain the knowledge, perception, and health behaviors of our study participants. The HBM consist of 6 posits: (1) risk susceptibility, (2) risk severity, (3) benefits of action, and (4) barriers to action, (5) self-efficacy, and (6) cues to action [23]. According to the HBM, people’s beliefs about their risk and their perception of the benefits of taking action to avoid it, influence their readiness to take action [15, 21–22, 24]. Using the HBM, health behavior can be modified positively if the 6 posits are perceived by the person [23]. According to the results of our study, taxi drivers that participated in our study, do not perceive the severity of their risk. Participants admitted that they go to the doctor and start paying attention to their health condition only when they get seriously sick. Another posit of the HBM, understanding benefit of actions, is also not perceived by taxi drivers. Participants understand that they should be involved in physical activity, but do not pursue physical activity. They stated that they are too busy and tired to exercise daily without realizing the benefits of having a healthy life style. Findings from the focus groups also demonstrate that taxi drivers do not possess self-efficacy, as they are not confident that they are able to change their own health behavior. They openly admitted to having poor discipline, lack of organizational skills, and lack of time management skills. But, they expressed their wish to get information about time management, healthy snacks, places where they can get affordable and healthy food, learn more about different physical activities, and places where they can exercise. The sixth posit of the HBM model is the cues for action which should trigger the action to change behavior. Cues such as physical pain or illness in them or family members of cab drivers, trigger a visit to the physician’s office. Cab drivers were open to receiving educational material provided by physicians or health information provided on TV/cellphone about disease prevention. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Obesity is steadily on the increase in the US population and has become a major public health concern [1–3]. Latinos are at the higher risk of heart diseases such as obesity, hypertension compared to other ethnical groups [3, 13]. There is a higher prevalence of obesity among particular occupational groups with cab drivers having one of the highest obesity prevalence among all professions [5, 7–9, 13]. Obesity risks therefore seem to affect NYC cab drivers who are of Latino background more than others. Surveys conducted in different countries in Asia, Europe, and Africa reported that taxi, truck, and bus show that drivers are at a higher risk of developing obesity, diabetes, and hypertension [5, 8–11]. This study is the first to evaluate the knowledge, perception, and behaviors of NYC Latino taxi cab drivers with respect to obesity. The study uncovers factors and barriers that contribute to their behavior, and identify possible ways that can modify their behavior and decrease their chances of developing obesity. The study results demonstrated that Latino immigrant taxi drivers perceive themselves at a high risk for obesity development. As the result of discussions with focus groups, the eight dominant themes were identified. Participants perceive their risk susceptibility and understand that working as a driver is a sedentary occupation with lack of physical activity significantly contributing to obesity development. Additionally, taxi drivers report that their unhealthy diet is a major factor that contributes to their weight gain. Taxi drivers perceive their poor diet as the result of the food they consume being high in fat content. Due to financial constraints and their cultural diet requirements, they feel limited to unhealthy food options. They acknowledge the risk that poor diet contributes to obesity, high cholesterol, obesity development. Participants also expressed that work stress is another important factor. Busy traffic, lack of organization, financial stress to support their families-push them to work prolonged hours. Participants also admitted that in their leisure time, they use alcohol, smoke cigarettes, and watch TV, instead of going to the gym, because they feel too tired to exercise. Taxi drivers perceive their barriers as a lack of education and knowledge about healthy food choices, places where they can buy healthy affordable snacks, information about physical activities, stress management skills, and organizational skills. Other perceived barriers that prevent them from leading healthy lifestyle include lack of discipline, lack of time for physical activity, economic uncertainty, financial responsibility and the perception that the wellbeing of their families is more important than themselves and their health. HBM is a widely used model that helps to identify perception of risks of unhealthy behavior, barriers to healthy behavior, actions taken by patients to stay healthy, self-efficacy, and commitment to goals. Based on the Glasgow theory, the core of health behavior models is the identification of the barriers and self-efficacy [25]. Our study is unique as it involves using the HBM to explain the basis of taxi cab drivers’ behavior. Results of our research study showed that our participants perceived barriers very well. However, lack of self-efficacy, lack of perceiving benefits of action, lack of cues to action, and lack of understanding the risk of disease severity explain why taxi drivers have greater risk for obesity among occupations, and are not ready to embrace health behavior modification. This qualitative study shows us where the window of opportunity for intervention lies, how we can intervene and modify the health behavior of the at-risk NYC Latino cab driver population. By Glasgow theory, self-efficacy is an important factor in behavior modification models [25]. If the barriers that are perceived by participants as too high, and self-efficacy is low, one can intervene by improving self-efficacy. Bandura has offered ways to increase patients’ self-efficacy by using three strategies: (a) setting small, incremental, and achievable goals; (b) using formalized behavioral contracting to establish goals and specify rewards; and (c) monitoring and reinforcement, including patient self-monitoring by keeping records [20]. We can also improve perception of the benefits of action by providing cues to action namely education during the office visits, by providing reading materials, and the use of modern technology (emails, interactive Web sites, apps, etc.). A study was conducted in South Asia, encouraging taxi drivers to exercise through the use of pedometers [7]. This study provides an example of ways to motivate taxi drivers, improve their self-efficacy, overcome barriers, and provide cues to action. As one of the theories that can explain and help in behavioral modification, the Health Belief model includes the impact of the environment and elements of social learning. Using this model, we were able to differentiate and identify the factors that influence their behavior that need to be addressed by health care workers and public health representatives to improve obesity related risks among inner city taxi cab drivers in NYC.

Objectives/Goals: The University of Illinois Chicago’s Center for Clinical and Translational Science has implemented an innovative approach to program evaluation. We blend high-impact quantitative and in-depth qualitative approaches to identify local and national impacts and areas for improvement that are not captured solely by traditional quantitative methods. Methods/Study Population: CCTS manages service requests and investigator demographics through an in-house system that our evaluation program utilizes to report on service requests, investigator satisfaction, and investigator demographics to service groups, CTSA and campus leadership, and other stakeholders throughout the year. Through this system, we are able to regularly survey and interview investigators about their experiences and solicit feedback about the service process. During interviews, we focus on questions about receiving services, recommendations for CCTS and colleagues, and plans to work with CCTS in the future. This mixed-methods approach helps us lay the foundation to expand evaluation beyond reporting and establish a robust CQI program that focuses both on CCTS staff needs and improving investigator experiences. Results/Anticipated Results: Soliciting both quantitative and qualitative feedback from investigators has enabled our service groups to make significant changes to their internal processes to ensure that investigators are aware of services and supports available. Our quantitative data show us that investigators return time and again to CCTS for services and supports. Yet the feedback we receive through short, targeted interviews also helps identify challenges that investigators experience that could improve the services they come to us to receive. We have already used this system to recommend improved marketing of existing services within certain service groups that were highly requested by investigators, which increased utilization of that service. Discussion/Significance of Impact: Our mixed-method approach to evaluation allows us to easily and rapidly identify areas for improvement within our service groups, an instrumental part of implementing a CQI program that is focused on staff-identified areas of improvement. This approach can be easily replicated by other CTSA hubs with minimal impact to existing resources.

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: In this pilot study, we are testing a new approach for detecting neuroinflammation in individuals who have sustained a traumatic brain injury (TBI). We hypothesize that many long-term adverse consequences of TBI are driven by abnormal inflammatory processes in the brain that occur secondary to the original neural injury. This inflammation can spread well beyond the damaged tissue and cause profound fatigue, widespread pain, cognitive impairment, and depressed mood. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Using a technique based on magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we can obtain precise and accurate temperature measurements throughout the human brain, which may serve as a proxy for neuroinflammation. In this study, we examine 20 men who have sustained a moderate-to-severe TBI and 10 age-matched healthy men without history of TBI. Temperature is assessed on a voxel-by-voxel basis throughout the entire brain. Cognitive ability is measured with the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). Information on pain, fatigue, and mood is collected through questionnaire. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We anticipate that (1) average whole-brain temperature will be significantly higher in the TBI group than the healthy control group; (2) severity of (a) pain, (b) fatigue, and (c) mood symptoms will be correlated with brain temperature; and (3) severity of cognitive impairment will be correlated with brain temperature. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: If the hypotheses are confirmed, this tool will fill a need for objective tests of TBI pathology that can be used to improve diagnostic and treatment decisions and predict long-term functioning. This test would be the first completely noninvasive tool for detecting neuroinflammation, and will allow for safe and inexpensive longitudinal testing. Ultimately, we hope this noninvasive scanning technique will accurately track neuroinflammation in TBI, leading to more targeted and effective treatments.

Translational scientists create, advance, and translate knowledge as a result of research, learning, and application. Translational teams are composed of dynamic and diverse interprofessional and cross-disciplinary members that generate new knowledge to address a shared translational objective. The objective involves advancing an interventional product, behavioral intervention, or evidence-based approach to improve human health. This paper focuses on identifying individual and team competencies using a modified Delphi method to reach a consensus on the competencies needed by translational teams (TTs).

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: To evaluate the association of maternal delivery history with a brachial plexus birth injury (BPBI) risk in subsequent deliveries, and to estimate the effect of subsequent delivery method on BPBI risk. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all livebirth deliveries occurring in California-licensed hospitals from 1996-2012. The primary outcome was recurrent BPBI in a subsequent pregnancy. The exposure was prior delivery history (parity, shoulder dystocia in a previous delivery, or previously delivering an infant with BPBI). Multiple logistic regression was used to model adjusted associations of prior delivery history with BPBI in a subsequent pregnancy. The adjusted risk (AR) and adjusted risk difference (ARD) for BPBI between vaginal and cesarean delivery in subsequent pregnancies were determined, stratified by prior delivery history, and the number of cesarean deliveries needed to prevent one BPBI was determined. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Of 6,286,324 infants delivered by 4,104,825 individuals, 7,762 (0.12%) were diagnosed with a BPBI. Higher parity was associated with a 5.7% decrease in BPBI risk with each subsequent delivery (aOR 0.94, 95%CI 0.92, 0.97). Previous shoulder dystocia or BPBI were associated with 5-fold (aOR=5.39, 95%CI 4.10, 7.08) and 17-fold increases (aOR=17.22, 95%CI 13.31, 22.27) in BPBI risk, respectively. Among individuals with a history of delivering an infant with a BPBI , cesarean delivery was associated with a 73.0% decrease in BPBI risk (aOR=0.27, 95%CI 0.13, 0.55), compared with an 87.9% decrease in BPBI risk (aOR=0.12, 95%CI 0.10, 0.15) in individuals without this history. Among individuals with a previous history of BPBI, 48.1 cesarean deliveries are needed to prevent one BPBI. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Parity, previous shoulder dystocia, and previously delivering a BPBI infant are associated with future BPBI risk. These factors are identifiable prenatally and can inform discussions with pregnant individuals regarding BPBI risk and planned mode of delivery.

ABSTRACT IMPACT: Advanced spatial analysis techniques are used to target a community education intervention for Immigrant and African American women to increase breast cancer screening. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: We are addressing breast cancer screening disparities through the development of the COmmuNity kNowlEdge to aCtion Toolkit (CONNECT). CONNECT implements a mixed-methods approach using GIScience, community education, and social media to mitigate the impact of breast cancer screening disparities for Immigrant African and African American women. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We used advanced spatial analysis techniques, Spatially Adaptive Filters (SAF) to reveal mammography screening rates below the state level. SAF create screening maps of This new information allows lay health educators to identify and engage their communities in the Breast Cancer Champions program. We transformed and curated existing cancer educational material into culturally relevant educational training for lay health educators. Lay health educators participate in educational trainings and receive stipends for conducting formal and informal breast cancer education and screening events. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We have identified four principles for designing culturally relevant education materials.

1. 1. Visual representation of the community in materials

2. 2. Positive Framing

3. 3. Statistics and graphs should be minimal

4. 4. Appropriate reading level and minimizing jargon

Due to COVID-19, our breast cancer champions are engaging with their community in socially responsible ways (i.e., engaging through social media, developing and placing community education flyers, community radio spots). Our social media campaign, which began in October has already attracted over 1000 followers. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: Despite the disruption of COVID-19, our project continues reduce breast cancer screening disparities. We have developed and created culturally appropriate materials and are currently training Champions. By incorporating an online presence into our community outreach, we are increasing the ways we connect with our community.

ABSTRACT IMPACT: Evaluate the impact that the Kidney Allocation System has had on racial and ethnic disparities in pediatric deceased donor kidney transplant recipients. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Racial and ethnic minority pediatric transplant candidates have known disparities in access to kidney transplantation. The Kidney Allocation System (KAS), implemented in 2014, was designed in part to alleviate some of these disparities thereby making transplant more equitable. We investigated the effect of KAS on reported disparities. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We utilized Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (SRTR) data to determine differences in new waitlist registrants, deceased donor (DDKT) and living donor kidney transplants (LDKT), HLA mismatch, and allograft survival among pediatric patients of different racial and ethnic backgrounds. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Black pediatric patients represented 21.3% of new waitlist registrants pre-KAS and 18.9% post-KAS. Waitlist time increased for pediatric patients of all races post-KAS with the highest increase (131 days) in Asian patients (p < 0.01). The racial distribution of DDKT pre- and post-KAS was unchanged (White 38.4% vs 38.3%, Black 24.5% vs 22.5%, Hispanic 30.6% vs 31.1%, Asian 3.7% vs 4.4%, p = 0.12). The 3-yr graft failure rate is disproportionately worse in Black children compared to other races pre- and post-KAS (White 6.8% vs 5.3%, Black 14% vs 8.7%, Hispanic 8% vs 4.5%, Asian 6.6% vs 6.7%, Other 6.5% vs 2.9%) although there is a trend towards better graft survival in the post-KAS era. Graft survival worsened in Asian children in the post-KAS era (HR 2.34,95% CI 1.05 - 5.25, p=0.038). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: Racial and ethnic disparities in pediatric ESRD patients have not been ameliorated by KAS. Children of color have longer waitlist time and are more likely to have graft failure. Alarmingly, allograft failure rate increased in Asian patients post-KAS, which merits further evaluation.

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Focus groups are being conducted to describe and identify barriers and/or facilitators to Hispanic males’ health literacy, culture, and language related to cervical cancer prevention practices METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: A purposive convenience sample was recruited to participate in focus group sessions with English or Spanish speaking Hispanic males 21 years of age and older. Groups were segmented by age (21–29, 30–39, 40–49, and 50–65), and language (English or Spanish). Focus group discussions (n=8) were led by a bilingual/bicultural female researcher using a discussion guide that followed Zarcadoolas et al. (2005) health literacy model 6 as related to their partners’ cervical cancer screening and prevention practices. All sessions were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Participants completed standardized questioners regarding demographic data and their health literacy. Qualitative content analysis was used for analyzing focus group interviews. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Preliminary qualitative analysis shows the struggle Hispanic males’ face accepting cervical cancer screening for their female partners. One participant reported that it was “a clash of cultures.” A “clash of cultures” was described as a constant struggle and acceptance between science, personal knowledge, and Hispanic cultural taboos. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Hispanic male’s health literacy, communication, language preferences, and cervical cancer risks, will further enhance the knowledge needed to design intervention measures for cancer prevention among Hispanics. Understanding the factors that contribute to the unequal burden of cervical cancer incidence and mortality among Hispanic women in South Texas is critical to prevent cervical cancer among this population.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: This study aims to assess the outcomes of a new virtual multidisciplinary immune-related toxicity (IR-tox) team implemented at Johns Hopkins Hospital. In particular, to understand if the IR-tox team’s input reduced the number of inpatient hospitalizations for irAEs for referred patients. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Since August 2017, nearly 250 patient referrals to the IR-tox team have been created and stored in an electronic database. Through retrospective chart review, hospitalization and irAE management data will be collected for these patients to assess whether rates for suspected irAEs have decreased. These rates will be compared against historical controls. We will assess the features of hospitalized patients, their immunotherapy regimens, and management to identify high-risk groups who may require early intervention. Additionally, we aim to understand what patient features are associated with IR-Tox team referral and subsequent hospitalization. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The IR-tox team provided a new multidisciplinary channel to help physicians diagnose and manage complex irAEs. The goal of the team was the reduce the number of irAE-related hospitalizations as, historically, 85% of high-grade irAEs have required hospitalization. A clinically meaningful reduction is defined as lowering the hospitalization rate to 75%. Planned analyses includes calculating the hospitalization rate, using descriptive statistics to summarize patient features, multivariate analyses to understand features associated with both IR-Tox team referral and hospitalization, and computing the relative risk reduction to assess the efficacy of subspecialist referral implementation. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: IrAEs are challenging to diagnose and treat. They contribute to a notable proportion of hospitalizations in those treated with immunotherapy. With expanding use of immunotherapy, widespread implementations of IR-Tox teams may help reduce hospitalizations and costs associated with care for irAEs.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The objectives of this presentation are to discuss 1) the implementation of Consent to Contact at an Academic Medical Center; 2) the access to lists of potential participants by study teams; and 3) the challenges and adjustments made to the initial conceptualized process. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Participant recruitment is critical to the success of all research studies. It is particularly challenging when investigators do not have a patient population from which to recruit. Thus, the University of Miami launched the CTC initiative in 2016 to facilitate study recruitment. Study investigators can request access to a registry of participants who agreed to be contacted and meet the initial study eligibility criteria. A multidisciplinary Operational Committee provides oversight and regulates access to the CTC registry. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The registry has over 110K patients who have agreed to be contacted for eligible research studies. The demographic distribution of the patients in the registry mirrors the diversity of the UHealth population. As of January 2018, when the registry became available to the research community, 25 study teams from different departments, including the All of Us Research Program, have requested potential participant lists. The process of requesting access to patient lists is adapted to studies’ needs, with particular reference to sensitive populations, such as HIV/AIDS, substance abuse, etc. Results on utilization and satisfaction of the CTC initiative are being collected and will be presented. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: The CTC initiative allows UHealth patients to opt-in to the registry for research studies. The Operational Committee continues to monitor the successful consent of patients to participate in individual research studies and improving the request process.

Objectives/Goals: Dissemination and implementation scientists often conflate or confuse pragmatic trials and effectiveness-implementation trial designs. This study evaluates the barriers and facilitators affecting these scientists’ collaborative work to design, plan for, and conduct these different kinds of trials. Methods/Study Population: This is a sequential mixed-methods study. For the quantitative evaluation secondary data collection and surveys of roughly 200 investigators constituting an Implementation Science Network were carried out to identify research needs and impacts associated with the Translational Science Benefits Model. Surveys were prepopulated with respondents’ grant awards and prompts to define the study designs being used. Interviews of respondents are being conducted to identify barriers and challenges they faced in conducting different implementation trials and to develop case studies of their resultant research agendas. A peer-reviewed interview protocol designed for Clinical and Translational Research Institutes to conduct case studies of translational research is being used for this qualitative evaluation. Results/Anticipated Results: The 182 ISN members submitted 1590 research proposals since 2020, 52% of which were funded. ISN members responding to surveys (N = 30) self-identified many of these studies as being Hybrid 3 (29%), Hybrid 1 (17%), or Pragmatic trials (7%), although the largest proportion included studies classified “other” (33%), and some could not be classified (12%). Surveys of ISN members also indicated that many want to conduct pragmatic trials (36%) or hybrid trials (8%) but need more opportunities to collaborate (19%). Twelve (40%) ISN members agreed to be interviewed and another 11 (37%) indicated that they would do so in fall 2024 if available. Initial findings suggest that regular interactions with colleagues helped investigators new to the field understand how varied study designs could advance their implementation science. Discussion/Significance of Impact: These findings will show how U-M implementation scientists collaborate to conduct implementation trials. If the kinds of barriers faced by investigators differs by trial type, research supports and initiatives can be tailored to better support all implementation scientists in the CTSA Consortium.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Childhood survivors of ALL are at considerable risk for late effects which are exacerbated by excess weight. The proposed study involves the adaption and evaluation of the first empirically supported intervention for childhood survivors of ALL that is consistent with all national recommendations for the treatment of childhood obesity. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The proposed intervention will be adapted from family-based behavioral weight loss treatment (FBT) a multicomponent intervention which targets diet, activity, behavioral skills, parenting, and social facilitation among children and their parents. The Framework for Reporting Adaptations and Modifications-Enhanced structure (FRAME), a dissemination and implementation framework, will guide the adaptation, allowing for the incorporation of feedback previously gathered from key stakeholders. A single-arm, non-randomized trial of the adapted intervention will then be conducted to evaluate its acceptability, feasibility, and preliminary indications of efficacy including measures of relative weight change and associated health-related behaviors among 40 childhood ALL survivors and their families. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Self-reported feedback from families at the end of treatment (EoT) is anticipated to demonstrate that this intervention will be regarded as both acceptable and feasible. Other measures of feasibility will include attendance and retention rates, which are expected to reflect to those of previous FBT trials (92% and 85%, respectively). Preliminary indications of the efficacy of the adapted intervention will be investigated through the comparison of a series of measurements taken at both baseline and EoT. Changes in relative weight will be assessed and are expected to meet a previously established range of clinically meaningful reduction in child percent overweight of 9 units or more. Improvements in dietary intake, physical activity, and health related quality of life are also anticipated. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Knowledge gained from the implementation of the first evidence-based intervention adapted for childhood survivors of ALL will be critical to the justification of a larger-scale, randomized controlled trial and holds promise to effectively modify the risk for chronic disease among a vulnerable population.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The present work aims to use baseline data to identify demographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors associated with patients who receive analgesic benefit from temporary neurostimulation. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: This study presents baseline data from our descriptive, prospective, longitudinal study. Consecutive patients who present to the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Interventional Pain Management Clinic for implantation of a neurostimulation device, have met clinical criteria for implantation of a neuromodulation device, and are able to speak and understand English are invited to participate. Prior to the placement of the temporary stimulator, each patient completes demographic and symptom-related questionnaires. Clinical characteristics are obtained through medical record review. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We anticipate enrolling 50 participants in order to have 30 patients that report analgesic benefit from temporary neurostimulation. Variability in demographics, clinical characteristics, and psychosocial factors will be reported between patients who receive and those who do not receive analgesia following temporary neurostimulation. Gender differences will also be reported. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Despite the use of varying outcome measures, studies to date have not incorporated validated patient reported outcomes or controlled for key demographic and clinical characteristics. Our analysis evaluates clinical and psychosocial variables associated with successful temporary neurostimulation.

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: To explore associations among bio-psychosocial factors predictive of overall physical and mental health status as assessed using the SF-12 Health Survey. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Community-dwelling, male and female elders with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) were administered an assessment battery to identify factors associated with self-assessed physical and mental health status using the SF-12 Health Survey. The battery included an assessment of pain, depressive symptoms, perceived social support, perceived psychological stress, physical function, as well as selected demographic variables. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Preliminary linear regression analyses have identified several factors predictive of physical and mental health status including depressive symptoms, pain, perceived stress, and physical function. A more in-depth examination using path analysis is anticipated to reveal important mediational associations, wherein physical function is a strong mediator between bio-psychosocial factors and overall physical and mental health status. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Aging is often associated with a reduction in physical and mental well-being, frequently exacerbated by the development and progression of chronic disease. PAD is a common chronic condition that places significant burden on the older patient and their family. Identifying and developing a more in-depth understanding of the factors that impact health status in PAD is an important and timely objective. We anticipate that our findings will inform development of more targeted and effective intervention strategies we can employ to improve the quality of life among elders struggling to manage PAD.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: African-Americans are at increased risk for nutrition disparities; home cooking is a strategy to optimize dietary quality. to develop a cooking intervention, a mixed-methods community-based participatory, acceptability study was conducted to understand cooking behaviors, options for intervention content, and implementation factors. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Self-identified African-American adults were recruited from a larger community-based study within Washington, D.C. Five moderated virtual focus groups with four participants in each group were conducted in March and April of 2021. A semi-structured moderator’s guide focused on cooking, meal habits, food choices, and the proposed cooking intervention was utilized. Qualitative data collected were verbatim transcriptions and notes from research team members. Thematic analysis was conducted using an iterative process among research team members. Participant validation interviews were conducted following the research team analysis. Electronic self-administered surveys were used to measure demographic, food environment, cooking behavior, health behavior, and psychosocial variables. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Study participants (n=20 females, mean age 60.1 years) lived in low-food resource neighborhoods but reported high food security (n=14). Barriers to the intervention included traveling distances to other neighborhoods for produce, poor quality of vegetables and fruit within neighborhood stores, lack of trustworthiness from neighborhood store experiences, perception of decreased cooking skills, and competing priorities related to time and weekday schedules. Motivators included health promotion for self, family, community, and enjoyment from cooking. Virtual or in-person sessions were suggested. Intervention options included costs of recipe ingredients, using recipes with ingredient flexibility, nutrition information, and provisioning of or compensation for ingredients used in virtual classes. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Use of virtual focus groups for a participant-based design of a cooking intervention among African American adults living in low-food access neighborhoods provided acceptability results that were food and home environments contextual and provided barriers and motivators to participation and implementation of behavior from the intervention.