Cyberaddiction, characterized by excessive and uncontrollable internet use, has been linked to various psychological and behavioral issues. Adolescents are particularly vulnerable to these risks, as they are heavy users of digital platforms, often spending long hours online for social interaction, entertainment, and gaming. While research on this issue is expanding, our study seeks to contribute further insights into the factors associated with problematic internet use and its implications for adolescent well-being.

The objective of our study was to determine the prevalence of cyberaddiction among adolescents in Sousse, Tunisia and to investigate its relationship to self-esteem.

We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study with analytical objectives among adolescents aged 12 to 18 from schools in Sousse Medina, Tunisia during February, March, and April 2024. We used a demographic information form, the Young Internet Addiction Test and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale for data collection.

Our population consisted of 416 adolescents. The most represented age group was 14 years old (22.1%), with a mean age of 15.05 ± 1.7 years. The sample comprised 236 females (56.7%) and 180 males (43.3%). Our findings indicate that 83.2% of participants exhibited problematic internet use with potential life consequences, 11.3% showed occasional excessive use but maintained control, and 5.5% experienced severe repercussions from their internet use. Additionally, 43% of participants spent more than 2 hours per day online. A statistically significant relationship was observed between the amount of time spent online and cyberaddiction (p = 0.009, with higher levels of cyberaddiction associated with increased internet usage. According to the Rosenberg Scale, 51.9% of adolescents had low self-esteem, however, no statistically significant relationship was observed between self-esteem and cyberaddiction.

Our findings highlight a concerning prevalence of problematic internet use among adolescents, with no significant correlation identified between self-esteem and cyberaddiction. This suggests that other underlying factors may contribute to the challenges faced by this population. It is crucial for healthcare professionals and policymakers to prioritize preventive measures and awareness campaigns, promoting healthier online habits and ultimately fostering the well-being of young people in an increasingly digital world.

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As global internet usage continues to expand, concerns regarding its effects on adolescent mental health have gained prominence. Cyberaddiction and anxiety-depressive disorders are increasingly recognized as interconnected among adolescents. Excessive use of digital platforms, social media, and online gaming can contribute to heightened stress, social isolation, and emotional instability. Understanding these dynamics is essential for developing effective mental health strategies and encouraging healthier online behaviors among adolescents.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between cyberaddiction and anxiety-depressive disorders among adolescents in Tunisia.

This is a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study, that was conducted on adolescents aged 12 to 18, enrolled in three educational institutions in Sousse, Tunisia. Data were collected using the Young Internet Addiction Scale and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). A pre-established data collection form was used to gather additional demographic and behavioral information.

Our study included a population of 416 adolescents, with a mean age of 15.05 ± 1.724 years. The majority of the participants were female (56.7%). Among the participants, 41.6% were high school students, and 58.4% were middle school students. Our results showed that 83.2% of participants exhibited problematic internet use, with potentially adverse effects on their daily lives. Additionally, 11.3% managed to maintain control over their internet usage despite occasionally exceeding planned time, while 5.5% experienced severe internet addiction, significantly impacting their personal and social lives Regarding internet usage patterns, the majority (64.9%) reported that social media was their primary online activity, while 35.1% preferred online gaming. The HADS revealed that 43% of the participants experienced varying degrees of anxiety disorders, and more than half (50.7%) showed symptoms of depressive disorders. Notably, 88.5% of the participants displayed symptoms of both anxiety and depression. A statistically significant correlation was observed between anxiety-depressive disorders and cyberaddiction (p = 0.008).

Our study highlights a concerning prevalence of both cyberaddiction and anxiety-depressive disorders among adolescents. These findings emphasize the urgent need for preventive measures and targeted interventions. Addressing these issues through education, mental health support, and regulated internet use could mitigate the negative impacts on adolescents’ well-being.

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The critical importance of preventing, recognizing early, and effective treatment of complicated form of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (cAWS) lies in its high mortality rate. cAWS include alcohol-related seizures (ARS), and delirium tremens (DT). The Prediction of Alcohol Withdrawal Severity Scale (PAWSS) was developed to identify patients at risk of developing cAWS. Recently, history of ARS and/or DT (“kindling mechanism”-related predictors) have been suggested as the strongest risk factor for developing cAWS.

The present study aimed to validate the Hungarian version of the PAWSS as suitable for evaluating the risk of developing cAWS and determining the significance of past ARS and/or DT occurrences.

A total of 70 inpatients were enrolled from at the Department of Psychiatry, University of Szeged, Hungary in 2023 with a principal diagnosis of AWS. PAWSS, Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire (SADQ) and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) were used. Demographic variables (age, sex) and clinical outcomes (development of cAWS) were collected. Statistical analyses were performed using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis, binary logistic regression analyses and chi-square test.

The ROC analysis showed that ≥ 6 is the optimal cutoff point in our sample. The sensitivity (73.91%), specificity (82.98) and positive- (68.00%) and negative- (86.67%) predictive values were highest for the threshold value of 6. In the first binary logistic regression model our results indicate that the PAWSS score of 6 or more was identified as a significant predictive factor for the current cAWS (OR = 12.332; 95% CI = 3.468–43.85; p < 0.001). The results of the second binary logistic regression showed that the history of the cAWS (OR = 6.811; 95% CI = 2.084–22.25; p = 0.001) and the SADQ total score (OR = 1.048; 95% CI = 1.001–1.10; p = 0.043) were significant predictive factors for the current cAWS. The chi-square test results showed significant difference between the rate of the history of cAWS and the current cAWS (χ2 (1) = 13.0; p < 0.001) and 21.4% (n = 15) of the patients had both current and previous cAWS. The Phi-coefficient was 0.431, which indicates that the history of complicated AWS has a relatively strong effect on the current cAWS.

Our results revealed that the Hungarian version of PAWSS is a valid tool for predicting cAWS with a different cutoff score compared to the original version. Furthermore, our findings suggest that the risk of developing cAWS is independent of the severity of alcohol use disorder. Our results also demonstrated that a history of cAWS is a significant predictor in the development of future episodes of cAWS.

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Studies in the general population and those based on clinical assessments of individuals with schizophrenia have shown a high degree of overlap between schizophrenia and substance-related disorders.

The prevalence of substance abuse throughout life is so common that the likelihood of a specific link inevitably arises. Various hypotheses have been proposed to explain the high comorbidity between schizophrenia and substance abuse, making these patients challenging to manage due to potential pharmacological interactions between the substances they consume and neuroleptic medications.

To explore the nexus between nicotine dependence and schizophrenia through a case report and a review of the literature.

We discuss a 40-year-old divorced man, father of one daughter, unemployed, with a history of psychiatric follow-up in private care for seven months before admission for untreated schizophrenia, and polyaddiction to substances including tobacco, cannabis, and cocaine.

He was transferred to our facility for management of behavioral disorders and aggression with a refusal of oral treatment. The patient had been incarcerated in France for four years for assault with a bladed weapon. He was admitted to our emergency psychiatric service with his brother due to arson within his residence where he lives alone. Upon admission, the patient was well-oriented in time and space, with neglected hygiene, easy contact, neutral facial expressions, sad mood, blunted affect, motor instability, and a dissociative syndrome: irrelevant responses, tangential speech, and persecution delusions without a specific persecutor, confirming his behavioral disorder and trivializing it with impaired judgment and no suicidal ideations.

The patient was hospitalized and underwent a complete blood test and ECG, both of which returned normal results, and was treated with olanzapine 10 mg/day and chlorpromazine 200 mg/day. During his hospitalization, he made several attempts to start fires within the ward, explaining his actions as a constant desire to inhale smoke to relieve discomfort, and he experienced a craving for smoke. After a month in our facility, and following the resolution of the dissociative and delusional syndromes, we scheduled a leave for the patient to assess clinical improvement. Upon returning from leave, the patient expressed multiple persecutory delusions towards family members who prevented him from starting a fire in his garden, which he considered necessary for his well-being.

Comorbidity between addiction and schizophrenia is very common in our social context, and management should be simultaneous, without neglecting the importance of family support.

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The cannabis use has increased widely in Tunisia during the ten past years, especially in adolescents and young adults. Cannabis use can lead to mental and physical health problems.

The aim of the study was to determine the factors associated to problematic cannabis use.

This was a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study including 115 subjects arrested for suspected drug use, carried out using a pre-established questionnaire, the CAST (Cannabis Abuse Screening Test) for the assessment of cannabis use, the Hamilton Anxiety and Depression scale, the 5-word Test of Dubois for memory evaluation, and the Rosenberg scale for the assessment of self-esteem.

A urine dosage of cannabis was also performed.

The mean age of the study population was 25.19 ± 6.7 years. The sex ratio was 8.16. the problematic users represented 73.9% of the study population. The cannabis was used in the form of joints. Memory decline was noted in 73% of the cases, and 52% of users had anxiety and depression symptoms.

Problematic use was associated to male gender (p<0.001), to an age older than 21.5 years (p= 0.01), to early initiation (p= 0.005), to memory decline (p= 0.003) and the higher scores of anxiety (p< 0.001)

The frequency of cannabis consumption and the vulnerability factors of problematic use must be taken into account in prevention campaigns.

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Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is an invisible condition, yet it can be difficult for young people to accept. Many attempt to hide or downplay their illness, potentially leading to significant psychological distress.

The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence and characteristics of academic failure among children with T1D, as well as the associated risk factors, including the impact of substance use such as tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis.

This is a retrospective, descriptive, and analytical study conducted at the Endocrinology Department of Farhat Hached Hospital in Sousse, covering the period from January 2015 to January 2020. The study analyzed the school and professional trajectories of T1D patients, considering their clinical, biological, and social data. Academic failure, the dependent variable, was defined as either the interruption of studies or the repetition of at least one academic year. Additionally, the prevalence of smoking, alcohol, and cannabis use in this population was recorded.

The study included 70 patients (31 males and 39 females), with a mean age of diagnosis of T1D at 7.36±4.41 years. Academic repetition was observed in 71.4% of cases, and school dropout in 47.1%. The reasons for academic delays were attributed to recurrent hospitalizations (31.4%) and glycemic instability, including hyper/hypoglycemic episodes (17.1%). Multivariate analysis adjusted for diabetes type revealed that significant risk factors for academic failure included: ≥5 hospitalizations for ketosis (p=0.037) and higher mean HbA1c levels at recent consultations (p=0.001). Protective factors were functional insulin therapy (p=0.031) and the use of insulin analogs (p=0.004). Concerning substance use, tobacco addiction was present in 22.9% of patients, alcohol consumption in 14.3%, and cannabis use in 8.6%. Patients using tobacco and alcohol exhibited a higher risk of school dropout and lower academic performance, with a significant correlation between cannabis use and glycemic instability.

The risk of academic failure among T1D patients is substantial and should not be underestimated. Frequent hospitalizations, poor glycemic control, and substance use (especially tobacco and cannabis) further exacerbate this risk. The physical and psychological complications of T1D, combined with the socioeconomic challenges and limited access to medical care in rural or isolated areas, contribute to school dropout. This study highlights the importance of comprehensive medical and psychosocial support to improve both health and academic outcomes in this vulnerable population.

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The life journeys of women who have experienced childhood violence are often marked by great complexity. This study aimed to better understand the links between childhood trauma and the development of substance use disorders, in order to propose therapeutic interventions tailored to the specific needs of these women

identify the most frequent types of trauma and their frequency in the studied sample. To describe the most commonly used substances, patterns of use, and the severity of substance use disorders.

sample of 53 women who frequented harm reduction centers participated in this study. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) was employed to evaluate experiences of childhood trauma, while the Drug Use Disorder Identification Test (DUDIT) was utilized to assess the severity of substance use disorders. Data collection was conducted anonymously, and subsequent analysis was performed using statistical software spss.

In our study, 53 women consulting risk reduction centers met the inclusion criteria.

• - A history of childhood trauma (CTQ ≥ 35) was observed in 92.5% of cases (n=49). Severe trauma scores were found in:

• - 45% for emotional neglect

• - 23% for physical neglect

• - 51% for emotional abuse

• - 59% for physical abuse

• - 21% for sexual abuse

• - A drug dependence (DUDIT ≥ 2) was observed in 72% of cases (n=38), i.e., all women in the study who used psychoactive substances. The most frequent dependencies were related to cannabis (53%), followed by benzodiazepines (41%) and pregabalin (36%).

• - Injectable drug use was observed in 23% of cases, with Subutex being the most common (n=10; 5%). Two women used heroin (1%).

These results highlight the importance of integrating a trauma-informed approach into the care of women with substance use disorders. Specific therapies, such as trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy (TF-CBT), can be particularly beneficial in helping these women manage their post-traumatic symptoms and reduce their substance use.

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Violence against women is a significant public health issue with devastating consequences for victims. It’s a complex and often hidden phenomenon rooted in deep-seated gender inequalities. Faced with distress and trauma, some victims may develop self-medication behaviors, such as substance use.

This descriptive study aims to characterize the experiences of violence among 53 women who sought help from the ATL, MST SIDA, and ATIOST associations.

Data was collected through individual interviews with each of the 53 participants. An interview guide was developed to cover different types of violence (physical, psychological, sexual, economic), their frequency, intensity, and their consequences on substance use, using the DUDIT questionnaire.

The sample consisted of women with an average age of 36.04 ± 10.31 years, ranging from 18 to 58. The results show that all participants experienced multiple and recurrent forms of violence, primarily psychological (insults, denigration, control, isolation) and physical (hits, slaps, threats). Sexual violence, although less frequently reported, was also identified in 32%. The most common type of violence was physical (77%), mainly occurring within the couple (49%). 72% of women presented a substance use disorder. The most commonly used substances were cannabis (53%), followed by benzodiazepines (41%), and pregabalin in third position (36%).

This descriptive study highlights the complexity of the experiences of violence faced by women seeking help from harm reduction associations. The results underscore the urgent need to address this issue and develop tailored responses to the specific needs of these women. Future research could explore in greater detail the risk and protective factors associated with violence against women, as well as the long-term effects of this violence on mental and physical health.

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There is growing concern that the internet may have a detrimental effect on users, leading to addiction and cognitive decline. One well-known empirical study, conducted by Sparrow, Liu, and Wegner (2011), presented two types of the so-called Google effect (intentional and mnemonic) as evidence. In this study, participants answered either difficult or easy yes/no trivia questions, followed by a Stroop task involving internet-related and neutral words displayed in different colors. The reaction times were slower for internet-related words, but only after the difficult trivia questions, which was interpreted as evidence of automatic internet priming in challenging situations. However, subsequent replication attempts were unsuccessful. We hypothesized that the Stroop paradigm may not be valid due to the lack of semantic interference and that the antisaccade task would be more sensitive.

To investigate the intentional Google effect using the antisaccade eye-tracking paradigm.

A pilot study was conducted (N=37). Participants answered a series of difficult or easy yes/no trivia questions, followed by the appearance of either an internet-related or neutral image on the left or right side of the screen. The task required participants to look in the opposite direction of the stimulus, with oculomotor activity recorded by the SMI Hi-Speed system (1250 Hz). Reaction time and the number of errors were measured.

Logistic regression and ANOVA results did not show a significant influence of question difficulty, stimulus type, or their interaction on error probability (B = -0.22, SE = 0.22, z = -0.94, p = 0.35) or reaction time (F = 0.31, p = 0.58).

These preliminary results do not support the hypothesis for the intentional Google effect, further research and discussion in the context of internet-addiction are needed.

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Alcohol use disorder is a significant Public Health issue with substantial socioeconomic impact, morbidity, and mortality. Achieving therapeutic success remains challenging due to frequent treatment dropouts, relapses, and readmissions. It is estimated that 20-40% of patients discontinue detoxification treatment prematurely, with some studies highlighting the influence of psychiatric comorbidities, polysubstance use, unemployment, and impulsivity. Premature discontinuation increases the risk of medical complications and worsens prognosis. Although anti-craving medications have demonstrated efficacy in preventing relapse, they remain underprescribed.

This study aims to identify and analyze determinants of readmissions, particularly in patients with a history of treatment dropout, and propose strategies to enhance therapeutic success.

A two-year retrospective analysis was conducted on readmitted patients, with a focus on previous dropouts, within the 12 months prior to their last hospitalization for alcohol detoxification at ULS São José - Hospital Júlio de Matos. The analysis included sociodemographic data, comorbidities, anti-craving therapy, integration into therapeutic communities (TC), and post-discharge outcomes.

A total of 37 patients were identified with readmissions in the past 12 months. Of these, 9 (24.3%) had left their previous admission against medical advice, most of whom had experienced 4 or more admissions. There was a similar gender distribution, with all patients being single or divorced, 66.7% unemployed, and the same percentage experiencing economic hardship. Two-thirds had psychiatric comorbidities. None had recently received anti-craving medication, and only 2 (22.2%) had prior involvement with a TC. During their readmission, 44% were discharged to a TC or Day Center, and 2 left again against medical advice.

It was found that many frequent users discharged themselves against medical advice from previous hospitalizations. These patients showed a high prevalence of socioeconomic problems and psychiatric comorbidities, with none receiving anti-craving therapy. In the future, it will be essential to analyze the reasons for these dropouts to improve the effectiveness of treatment during hospitalization. It is concluded that therapeutic plans must be personalized and tailored to the patients’ multiple needs to ensure better adherence.

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As the accessibility of new technology becomes easier and its usage longer, especially among university students, the repercussions on content consumption and behaviors must be examined and addressed, both for prevention and remediation.

The aim of this study is to assess the degree of addictive behaviors associated with the use of the internet and social media. Through a questionnaire, data was collected from a random sample of university students in Kenitra.

58 students participated in the study (21.29 ± 1.69) (38 women and 20 men), distributed as follows: 31% in the first year, 32% in the second year, and 36% in the third year. Of these, 94% reported owning a smartphone for at least one year.

17% reported using internet for more than 12 hours per day. 37% recharge their balance immediately after it is depleted, and 41% become frustrated when they receive no response to a message, 38% are constantly awaiting new notifications. Nearly 30% reported that internet use affects their studies, health, and causes conflicts with their parents.

Girls are more connected than boys and cannot tolerate being without internet access (p < 0.05, respectively). The number of repeated semesters is highly correlated with the duration of smartphone ownership and significantly correlated with age (p < 0.05). Furthermore, a strong correlation is observed between the duration of internet use and the allocated budget (p < 0.05), as well as the ability to tolerate the absence of internet access (p < 0.05).

The regression test shows that an increase in the allocated budget for internet connection leads to an increase in the time spent using smartphone applications (β = 0.42), and the model explains 47% of this relationship. Additionally, the nature of the application used can explain 30% of the increase in the number of repeated semesters among university students (β = 0.30), this parameter is also explained by the duration of smartphone ownership by 10% (β = 0.33).

Internet access is facilitated by smartphones, which fosters attachment behaviors among university students that can lead to addiction and certainly have an influence on academic progress, health, and family relationships.

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Identification of the effects of experimentation with psychoactive substances and the formation of addictive behavior in adolescents in risk groups requires the development of new approaches to the clinical and laboratory examination for the prevent severe complications of intoxication and treatment of addiction. One of the biological indicators of complications from the use of psychoactive substances during the period of brain development may be neuroinflammation, in addition to metabolic disorders and disorders of other internal organs.

To study the relationship between the levels of inflammatory markers and biochemical blood indicators with the clinical symptoms in adolescents with alcohol and substance intoxication.

Clinical and laboratory examinations included 40 patients aged 14 to 17 years diagnosed with behavioral and mental disorders due to alcohol use and/or combined alcohol and substance abuse. In blood plasma, the activity of leukocyte elastase (LE) and α1-proteinase inhibitor (α1-PI), as well as the level of autoantibodies (AB) to S100B and basic myelin protein (MBP) were measured. The results were compared with the corresponding normative indicators.

The relationship between the level of immune system activation and the activity of the pathological process in the brain served as the division of patients into groups. The 1st group (58.3%) was characterized by high activity of LE and α1-PI and an increased level of aAT to MBP (p<0.05). The 2nd group (42.7%) was distinguished by low LE activity and a high level of other markers (p<0.01). In the 1st group, a higher monocyte content, an increase in creatine phosphokinase activity, uric acid level, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase ratio, a decrease in gamma-glutamyltransferase activity and serum iron and ferritin level were found compared to the 2nd group. In the 2nd group, the increase in the number of neutrophils was associated with a relatively increased platelet content, as well as higher levels of alkaline phosphatase activity, creatinine content, total and direct bilirubin.

In the 1st group, signs of attention deficit, autoaggression, and increased tolerance to the dose of the substance used were detected more often. In the 2nd group, pronounced tension and irritability, a longer duration of drug use, and more severe clinical manifestations of withdrawal syndrome were observed.

The introduction of indicators of neuroinflammation, associated with ferroptosis mechanisms, initially clinically asymptomatic, into the cluster of clinical and laboratory studies will specify the diagnostics of individual changes in reactivity and health disorders in adolescents at the stage of drug addiction. This will substantiate and increase the effectiveness of the prevention of addictions and early disability among adolescents at risk.

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Interpreting and perceiving adequately others’ emotions and the regulative processes within one’s mental health are barriers or predisposing factors in the development of smartphone addiction.

The research explores the role of mental health, fear of negative perception, and assessment of other people’s emotions, which influence excessive smartphone use.

The survey included 400 respondents, of whom 104 were men (26%), 293 women (73.2%), and three persons (0.8%) who indicated a different gender. The mean age of the participants was 25.9 years (SD 10.9). Registered answers refer to demographic data (gender, age, smartphone usage habits) as well as psychological measures: a Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale (SABAS), a Mental Health Continuum Scale (MHC), an Assessing Emotions Scale (AES), and Fear of Negative Perception Questionnaire (FNPQ).

Results show a significant negative correlation between the SABAS score and global mental well-being (r(398) = -.15, p = .005) and a significant positive correlation between the SABAS score and fear of negative perception (r(398) = .27, p = .001). Using SABAS’s cutoff point (23 points), non-problem (M = 59.6, SD = 11.4) and problem users (M = 55.8, SD = 11.3) differ significantly in global mental well-being (t(398) = -2.9, p = .004) and each of its sub-factors, emotional, social, and psychological well-being; as well as non-problem (M = 20, SD = 8.2) and problem users (M = 24.1, SD = 8.4) in fear of negative perception (t(398) = 4.3, p = .001). Relevant associations between emotional regulation and problematic smartphone use we did not find.

The resulting data will support to investigation of the role of mental health well-being factors in the development of problematic smartphone usage, besides prevention and psychotherapeutic intervention.

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Technological development and the ever-expanding range of functions that a mobile phone offers to its users cause that more and more people overuse this device. The problem of smartphone addiction and nomophobia has become a significant social problem, especially among young mobile phone users. It has been observed that excessive use of smartphones can cause psychological problems, such as increased levels of stress, anxiety, depression, decreased cognitive function, and can also negatively affect students’ academic activities.

The primary aim of the study was to assess the extent of phone addiction among nursing students. Additionally, the researchers aimed to investigate the impact of various variables, including socio-demographic and psychological factors, on the severity of pathological phone use among nursing students.

This survey based study was performed using the author questionnaire and standardized research tools: the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q), the Mobile Phone Problem Use Scale for Adolescents (MPPUSA), the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale version 21 (DASS-21).

The study involved 303 nursing students of the Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin. A subjective feeling of addiction to a mobile phone was noted in 51.16% of respondents, and to the internet in 22.44%. In addition, 66.34% of the respondents had sleep problems. Some 38.28% of the nursing students did not show symptoms of depression, 38.61% had normal levels of anxiety, and 37.62% had normal levels of stress. Phone use was significantly more problematic among single people and those in an informal relationship, as well as among younger respondents. Analysis of the data revealed statistically significant positive correlations between problematic phone use according to the MPPUSA and the severity of depression, anxiety, stress, and insomnia according to the AIS.

The vast majority of nursing students use a mobile phone correctly and do not exhibit symptoms of nomophobia. Age and marital status are the sociodemographic variables that have a statistically significant effect on the pathological pattern of smartphone use. There is no statistically significant relationship between mobile phone addiction and gender or place of residence. Phonoholism statistically significantly positively correlates with nomophobia, as well as the severity of depressive symptoms and insomnia. Moreover, the more pathological the smartphone use, the higher the levels of anxiety and stress experienced by nursing students.

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Workaholism is an addiction, however the obsessive-compulsive components alone may prove insufficient in determining its nature.

The aim of the following study was to determine the mediating role of depressiveness in the relationships between workaholism and personality traits according to the five-factor model among Polish women.

The research study was carried out among 556 women residing in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship in Poland. The research was based on a survey performed using a questionnaire technique. The following research instruments adapted to Polish conditions were employed to assess the incidence of work addiction among female adults: The NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), The Work Addiction Risk Test (WART) Questionnaire, and The Beck Depression Inventory–BDI I-II.

A positive correlation between the intensity of neuroticism and the work addiction risk was revealed (β = 0.204, p < 0.001). A partial mediation (35%) with the severity of depression symptoms as a mediating factor was observed (β = 0.110, p < 0.001). Respondents characterized by high neuroticism showed a greater severity of the symptoms of depression (β = 0.482, p < 0.001), which is a factor increasing the work addiction risk (β = 0.228, p < 0.001). Respondents characterized by a high level of extraversion displayed lower severity of the symptoms of depression (β = –0.274, p < 0.001). A negative correlation between the intensity of agreeableness and the work addiction risk was revealed (β = –0.147, p < 0.001). A partial mediation (27.8%) was observed. A positive correlation between the intensity of conscientiousness and the work addiction risk was revealed (β = 0.082, p = 0.047). Respondents characterised by a high level of conscientiousness showed a lower severity of depression symptoms (β = –0.211, p < 0.001).

Table 1. Indirect and total effects: Mediation model 1 - Neuroticism

NEU—neuroticims, WART—Work Addiction Risk Test, N – Neuroticism, BDI—Beck Depression Inventory–BDI I-II, b—unstandardized regression coefficient, β—standardized regression coefficient, p—significance level; * Confidence interval (CI) computed with method: bootstrap percentiles; ** Beta (β) is completely standardized effect size.

Depressiveness plays the role of a mediator between neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness as well as conscientiousness, and work addiction. Depressiveness is a factor which increases the risk of work addiction.

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BEHAVIORAL ADDICTIONS AS A REPETITIVE PATTERN OF BEHAVIOR WITH DECREASE IN SELF-CONTROL AND A POWERFUL DESIRE TO CARRY OUT IT, DESPITE THE NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES; WITH ACCOMPANYING SYMPTOMATOLOGY OF IRRITABILITY, CONCERN AND ANXIETY.

ANALYZE THE RESULTS ON REPORTS OF BEHAVIORAL ADICTIONS

IN THE REPORTS ON BEHAVIORAL ADDICTIONS, ESTUDES (SURVEY ON THE DRUG USE IN SECONDARY EDUCATION IN SPAIN, 14-18 YEARS OLD) AND EDADES (SURVEY ON ALCOHOL AND DRUGS IN SPAIN) WE FOUND THE FOLLOWING:

• - MANY MINORS PARTICIPATE IN GAMBLING GAMES.

• - THE USE OF THE INTERNET, GAMBLING WITH MONEY AND VIDEO GAMES ARE VERY COMMON PRACTICES.

• - ONLINE BETTING GAMES ARE MORE PREVALENT IN YOUNG PEOPLE.

• - WITHIN THE PATHOLOGICAL GAME, A GREATER PREVALENCE OF BEHAVIOR IS OBSERVED RISK.

• - WITHIN THE ABUSIVE USE OF THE INTERNET, GREATER CONSUMPTION OF CANNABIS AND ALCOHOL.

REGARDING THE TREATMENT, THE USEFULNESS OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOTHERAPY IS RECOGNIZED. BEHAVIORAL AND THE USE OF PSYCHODRUGS SUCH AS NALMEFENE AND NALTREXONE.

ADDICTION TO THE INTERNET AND VIDEO GAMES COULD BE RECOGNIZED AS PSYCHIATRIC DIAGNOSES WHEN THEY LEAD MORE COMPLEX CHARACTERISTICS. SOME STUDIES PROPOSED TO TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE EMOTIONAL NEEDS AND THE IMPULSIVITY, WHILE OTHERS, TALK ABOUT THE NEURO-BIOLOGICAL-GENETIC COMPONENT OF ADDICTIONS.

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Opioid dependence is a complex condition that often requires long-term treatment and care. Methadone, a synthetic full opioid agonist, and buprenorphine, a partial agonist at the opioid receptor, are commonly used in substitution therapy for opioid dependence, typically administered as an oral liquid or sublingual tablet. Transitioning from high-dose methadone to buprenorphine for the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) poses a risk of precipitated withdrawal. This risk arises from introducing a high-affinity partial agonist (buprenorphine) at the mu-opioid receptor after it has been occupied by a lower-affinity full agonist (methadone). As a result, this transition is usually only performed for patients on low doses of methadone (<30-40 mg). Microdose induction has been proposed as a potential solution to facilitate a smoother transition to buprenorphine.

To present a case report of a rapid transition from high-dose methadone to buprenorphine depot, highlighting both the benefits and challenges of this process.

This case report describes a patient who was switched from 150 mg of methadone to 32 mg of sublingual buprenorphine using microdosing, and subsequently transitioned to a weekly 160 mg buprenorphine depot injection.

The patient was successfully transitioned to sublingual buprenorphine and later to buprenorphine depot without experiencing withdrawal symptoms. Even later, the patient reported no signs of withdrawal and was satisfied with the buprenorphine dosage. The patient attended monthly check-ups with the doctor; however, 15 days after the transition, he began consuming alcohol and soon after, started using cocaine.

This report supports the use of microdose induction for initiating buprenorphine, particularly for patients stabilized on high doses of methadone who may struggle with traditional buprenorphine induction methods. Although the patient remained abstinent from opioids, he quickly relapsed with alcohol and cocaine, issues that had not been present during his methadone treatment. Regular and more frequent therapeutic assessments are very important for many patients to prevent relapse.

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Although stigmatization is a barrier to treatment for many individuals and groups, individuals with mental disorders are the most affected by stigmatization. Among mental disorders, substance use disorders are the group with high levels of social stigma and internalized stigma. Internalized stigma may lead to a decrease in self-esteem and withdrawal from society and may increase depressive symptoms. Among individuals who use substances, depressive symptoms are high due to both the effects of the substances used and the psychosocial and legal problems experienced. In the literature review, no study examining the relationship between internalized stigma and depression in adolescents was found.

This study aimed to examine the relationship between internalized stigma and depression in a group of adolescents diagnosed with substance use disorder.

The study was conducted between December 2023-March 2024 with 71 adolescents between the ages of 12-18 who were diagnosed with substance use disorder and admitted to the outpatient clinic of university hospital in a city located in the southeastern part of Turkey. Information Form, Internalized Stigma of Mental Disorders Scale-Adolescent Form (ISMI-AF), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were used for data collection.

The mean age of the adolescents was 15.97 years (1.51); 85.9% were male, 59.2% were high school students, and 90.1% had severe depressive symptoms. According to the Pearson correlation analysis, no significant relationship was found between the total scores of the ISMI-AF and BDI; however, BDI, educational status of the adolescent, and academic achievement was found to be statistically significant as determinants of the ISMI-AF (R2=0.29). It was determined that the variables specified in the model explained 24% of the ISMI-AF (Adjusted R Square = 0.24)

Almost all of the adolescents who participated in this study were found to have severe depressive symptoms. In addition to depression, adolescents’ school life and academic achievement were important variables explaining internalized stigma. Since adolescents’ school attendance may be a situation that will prevent substance use, interventions to be carried out in cooperation with mental health professionals and school nurses are very important.

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The Westernisation of alcohol consumption habits among women has led to increased alcohol intake and a rise in Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) cases in females. Although AUD prevalence remains higher in men (7.7% compared to 1.5% in women), women display distinct features in the disorder’s progression, such as the telescoping effect, where the transition from initial consumption to dependence occurs more rapidly. This trend underscores the importance of studying frequent female users of alcohol detoxification services to identify contributing factors to this accelerated progression.

This study seeks to characterise frequent female users of alcohol detoxification services, focusing on gender differences, particularly the faster progression of alcohol dependence in women and the influence of Westernisation on their drinking habits.

A retrospective analysis was performed on clinical records from 2022 to 2023 for patients hospitalised at the Alcohol Treatment and Rehabilitation Unit. The analysis included patients who were hospitalised two or more times within a 12-month period. Demographic, psychosocial, and clinical variables were compared, with a particular focus on female patients.

Of the 360 patients admitted between 2022 and 2023, 37 were readmitted within 12 months. Women constituted 29.7% of these cases, with an average age of 52 years (compared to 51 in men), and were more often divorced or separated (81.8% vs 76.9%) and unemployed (72.7% vs 69.2%). Psychiatric family history (72.3% vs 65.4%) and psychiatric comorbidities (90.9% vs 61.5%) were more prevalent in women. Women also had a higher total number of hospitalisations (4.09 vs 3.62), although their 12-month readmission rates were similar to men (1.46 vs 1.50).

These findings support the literature on the telescoping effect, evidenced by women’s older age and a similar number of readmissions despite a more precarious social situation and greater psychiatric comorbidities. Notably, although women were a minority among readmissions, their proportion exceeded the expected prevalence rate (30%/70% vs 15%/85%). This highlights the necessity of personalised therapeutic approaches that address the unique factors perpetuating AUD in women.

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Chronic pain is a debilitating condition affecting 20% to 30% of adults globally, with prevalence rates rising to 19% to 38% in Europe. It is often linked to self-medication, particularly through alcohol consumption, due to alcohol’s short-term analgesic properties, which act on the opioid system. However, continued alcohol use for pain relief can lead to alcohol use disorder (AUD), worsening the pain and causing physical and mental health issues.

This study explores the relationship between alcohol use in chronic pain management and the development of AUD through a literature review and a clinical case.

A narrative literature review was conducted using PubMed with the terms “alcohol use disorder” and “chronic pain.” English and Portuguese articles from the last 10 years were included, yielding 85 results. A clinical case involving a patient with chronic pain and alcohol dependence illustrates the issue.

The review shows that 28% to 35% of chronic pain patients use alcohol for symptomatic relief. While alcohol may provide initial pain relief, prolonged use leads to tolerance, increased consumption, and a significant risk of AUD. Approximately 18% to 25% of patients meet the criteria for AUD, with men being more commonly affected.

The clinical case describes a 56-year-old man with family history of AUD, who developed chronic pain after a work accident resulting in multiple trauma. The patient began consuming alcohol daily for pain relief, which escalated to an AUD diagnosis and worsened pain due to alcohol-induced hyperalgesia.

Alcohol use is prevalent among chronic pain patients, often as a form of self-medication. However, this practice is frequently counterproductive, as increased consumption to counteract tolerance can lead to serious complications, including hyperalgesia, psychiatric disorders, and significant difficulties in managing both pain and alcohol use disorder (AUD). The clinical case highlights these issues and reinforces the need for a multidisciplinary approach that addresses both pain management and alcohol dependence.

Early detection of problematic alcohol use is essential to prevent the development of AUD. A comprehensive treatment plan, incorporating strategies for pain control and addiction management, is crucial for improving the overall health and well-being of patients dealing with chronic pain.

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