•Harvard Trauma Questionnaire-R (HTQ-R) •Hopkins Symptoms Checklist (HSCL-25) •Post-Migration Living Difficulties Checklist (PMLDC) •Psychiatric Epidemiology Research Interview - Demoralisation Scale (PERI-D)f •

N = 124. 84% Male; 93% conversant in English •Age: 20–62 years (μ = 35 yrs, SD = 10.8) •Residency Status: PR n = 32 (25%) Asylum Seeker n = 92 (75%) •Visa status: BVE (30%) BVA (23%) Student Visa (10%) •Time since application: 0 – 178 months (14.8 yrs) (μ = 31.2, SD = 48.4) •Not economic refugees. > 99% arrived by plane. • 34% without Medicare & 23% no work rights.

Multiple fold higher than the general population. -Highly traumatised population -Marginal reduction when granted protection •Inter-correlation between clinical measures à indicates pan-distress. •Clinical measures with number of rejections & time since app •Comparable number of pre-migration traumas yet difference in ‘refugee’ trauma & PTSD for AS vs. PR may reflect that current state of trauma is due to RDP ∨ perpetuating psychosocial factors •It has characteristics of many disorders but its own identity lication à weak association. -Ceiling effect of distress? -current state of trauma is due to RDP &/or perpetuating psychosocial factors •It has characteristics of many disorders but its own identity.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

La dopamine a un rôle important dans la physiopathologie de la schizophrénie. L’hypothèse d’une « attribution aberrante de saillance » dans la schizophrénie pourrait expliquer les symptômes positifs et négatifs de la schizophrénie [1]. Les processus de récompense composent la saillance motivationnelle, dans laquelle la dopamine est impliquée [2]. Ce travail a pour objectif de faire une méta-analyse des études d’activation cérébrale en IRM fonctionnelles, comparant les patients schizophrènes aux sujets sains lors des tâches de récompense.

Nous avons réalisé une recherche Pubmed, utilisant les mots clés : “schizophren* OR psychosis,” “fMRI OR PET,” “salienc* OR reward”. Au total, 171 études ont été sélectionnées, dont 12 comparant spécifiquement les patients schizophrènes et témoins durant les tâches de récompense. Elles comprenaient 480 sujets et 82 foci d’activation pour l’anticipation de récompense (30 foci), la réception de la récompense (14 foci) et l’erreur de prédiction (38 foci). La méthode utilisée est une estimation de la probabilité d’activation, réalisée à l’aide d’un algorithme implémenté sur le logiciel GingerALE Version 2.3.3 [3]. Nous avons utilisé un algorithme d’inférence par Cluster (p = 0,05) avec un p non corrigé pour le seuil de formation du cluster de 0,001.

Les patients schizophrènes montraient par rapport aux patients témoins un défaut d’activation dans l’aire tegmentale ventrale, le striatum ventral bilatéral, l’hippocampe, et le cortex cingulaire antérieur, lors de l’anticipation, la réception de récompense, et lors de l’erreur de prédiction.

Les patients schizophrènes montrent par rapport aux patients témoins un défaut d’activation dans les régions méso-limbiques impliquées dans les processus de récompense [4]. Cependant, le nombre de patient, notamment pour le contraste « réception de récompense » est encore faible.

Prevalence of Common Mental Disorders (CMD) is high in low and middle-income countries. The prevalence rate of postnatal depression in Pakistani women and its effect on the growth and development of young children and child mortality is very high. Despite availability of interventions to improve maternal health, the major issue in implementation of those interventions is because of limited availability of trained health professionals.

The aim of this study is to deliver CBT based intervention called “change your life with 7 sheets of paper” to women with mild to moderate PND through trained Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs).

During first stage of this rather blind feasibility randomized control trial 5 TBAs were trained to deliver CBT. Total 36 participants with PND having child between the ages 0–12 months will be recruited from community. Participants will be assessed using Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and World Health Organization Quality of Life scale at baseline and then at 3 months. Eight group sessions of CBT will be delivered by trained TBAs.

Outcome assessments will be done after completion of intervention of intervention i.e., 3 months after baseline. Preliminary findings will be presented in the conference.

Findings from this trial will help us to understand how the involvement of TBAs can help in overcoming the challenge of non-availability of trained health professionals and in attainment of millennium development goals of reducing mother and child mortality.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Suicide is one of the leading causes of death for schizophrenia patients: 9-13% of these patients eventually commit suicide, at least 20-40% make suicide attempts and 1-2% go on to complete in their attempt within the next 12 months. Therefore, suicide in schizophrenia has long been a major area of concern and research efforts. Although neurocognitive deficits are seen as core to schizophrenia, the association between suicidality and neurocognition has received little attention. People with schizophrenia often have impaired working memory and lower IQ. in particular, deficits in long-term memory, working verbal memory, executive functioning, and vigilance have been consistently associated with poor functional outcome in this patient population.

To evaluate the effect of depression in schizophrenia suicidal patients from the point of view of neuropsychological functions.

A clinical sample of 60 patients with schizophrenia was assessed. among them, 30 patients presented a life long history of deliberate self-harm. We performed the assessment of schizophrenia (PANSS, GAS), depression (MADRS), suicidal risk (SIS, BHS), and neuropsychological markers with CogTest battery.

Suicidal behaviour in schizophrenia patients was significantly correlated with negative symptoms (anhedonia) accompanied by poor global functioning and positive symptoms (delusions). Some neuropsychological markers (abstract thinking, reduced capacity to maintain information on-line, working memory, facial emotions discrimination) were significantly correlated with hopelessness.

The most significant neuropsychological dysfunction is represented by working memory impairment which is present in schizophrenia patients with self-harm behaviour even if they have an intact IQ.

Chemotherapy is an essential component in the treatment and alleviation of oncological diseases. To your application are associated, as well as systemic effects, cognitive impairment in patients. These changes have received increasing attention due to the impact on quality of life of cancer survivors.

This study aims to evaluate the current evidence on the association between chemotherapy and cognitive impairment in cancer patients, especially in the areas affected cognitive function, possible mechanisms of action and consequences on the quality of life of these patients and the importance of identifying strategies intervention in order to minimize these effects.

We conducted a literature review from literature articles addressing this topic with use of databases: Medline and Pubmed. The following keywords were used: “chemobrain”, “cognitive dysfunction”, “chemotherapy”.

Although some states have not found differences, several studies have shown that chemotherapy has implications cognitively. Underlying etiology remains unknown, and proposed several mechanisms to explain these changes: neurotoxicity, microvascular damage and inflamamatory response. Cognitive impairment has significant implications in the daily life of patients both personally, socially and labour. The therapeutic approach focuses on the patient and family education, coping strategies, cognitive rehabilitation and cognitive behavioural therapy.

It is vital to educate patients about the possibility of cognitive change as effect of chemotherapy as well as health professionals in the early identification of these changes. It is essential developing specific intervention strategies to improve the quality of life of the oncologic patient during and after treatment.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Among young medical practitioners, the exigencies of daily practice entail many challenges concerning both physical and mental dimensions. The study of the interplay between these two dimensions is crucial to provide the necessary care for this population.

This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of back pain and its association with mental health issues in young medical practitioners.

A cross-sectional study (January to April 2023) was conducted in the university interns and residents from Sfax. The Nordic questionnaire was used to evaluate back pain. The Generalized-Anxiety-Disorder (GAD -7) and the Patient-Health-Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were used to assess signs of anxiety and depression respectively.

Our population consisted of 404 young doctors. One-hundred and twenty were males with a sex-ratio of 0.42. Among them, 76 (18.8%) had surgical specialties. Mean age was 28.03±2.89, BMI’s mean was 23.65±3.98. Medical history was reported by 29.2% and psychiatric history by 4.9%. The median of the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 score were 3.5 (IQ: [1;6]) and 2 (IQ: [0; 5]). Signs of depression were found in 11.1% of the population whereas anxiety was found in 8.4% of them. Sixty-seven residents (16.6%) reported having back pain in the previous year. Neck pain, upper-back pain and lower back pain were experienced by 8.7%, 6.4% and 10.1% respectively.

Bivariate analysis showed that back pain was associated with PHQ-9 score (p=0.006), GAD-7 score (p=0.018) and it was not associated with BMI (p=0.769) neither with surgical specialties (p=0.824). Lower Back pain was associated with GAD-7 score (p=0.004).

Our study highlights the link between back pain and mental health problems in young doctors. Interventions englobing a better understanding of these two facets are needed to ensure an optimal care for this young population.

None Declared

In the scientific world widely discussed phenomenon of “cytokine-induced depression”. Macrophages have high plasticity and are able to control the inflammatory response; in particular, anti-inflammatory type-2 macrophages have a pronounced potential due to complex soluble factors production.

We have developed an original method for the type-2 macrophages generation; the resulting macrophages are characterized by the high level of a whole range of neurotrophic, neuroprotective, proangiogenic and anti-inflammatory factors production. The aim of the study was to investigate effects of human type-2 macrophages soluble products on behavioral phenotype and brain cytokines synthesis in depressive-like animals.

Type-2 macrophages were generated by culturing an adherent fraction of mononuclear cells with 50 ng/ml recombinant human GM-CSF in serum deprivation conditions for 7 days. (CBA x C57Bl/6)F1 depressive-like male mice, developed under the long-term social stress, were undergoing the human type-2 macrophages conditioned medium intranasal administration (60 ml twice daily for one animal) for 6 days. Mice behavioral phenotyping was carried out using an automatic registration system (Noldus Information Technology). Cytokines were determined by ELISA.

Depressive-like mice behavioral phenotyping after type-2 macrophages conditioned medium administration revealed anhedonia decrease, motor activity stimulation in the open field and forced swimming tests, anxiety reduction in elevated plus maze. Behavioral changes were recorded against the pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL- 6, INFγ) decrease in striatum and hippocampus, as well as anti-inflammatory IL- 10 increase in hippocampus and hypothalamus.

Results demonstrated the effectiveness of human type-2 macrophages biologically active soluble products in relation to the stress-induced depressive-like behavior editing

No significant relationships.

It is important to make an early and effective intervention from the first bipolar episode. The presence of depressive symptoms in the course of a manic episode could influence negatively the evolution and the prognosis of the patient. Inflammation and oxidative stress are also related with functionality.

To explore the relationship between depressive symptoms during a first episode of mania, inflammatory parameters and patient functionality during the follow-up.

We included in the study 92 are patients with a first manic episode and 92 matched healthy controls. We compared 13 inflammatory/oxidative stress parameters measured at baseline (TFNα, IL6, PGE2, MCP1, TBARS, NO2, SOD, CAT, GSHTOT, GSSG, GSHfree, GPx, TAS) between both groups. Between patients, 46 presented pure mania (PM) (no depressive symptoms) and 46 mixed mania (MM) (with depressive symptoms). We explored the influence of inflammatory factors in functionality, exploring differences between PM and MM. To measure patients’ general functioning one year after illness onset, we used the Functional Assessment Short Test (FAST).

We found significant differences in TFNα, MCP1 and TBARS (higher in patients) and in SOD, GSHtot, GSSG, GSHfree, GPx and TAS levels (lower in patients). Only In MM group, there was a significant influence of SOD and GSHfree in FAST scores suggesting that a higher antioxidant levels at baseline the patient functionality improves one year after.

Some parameters of oxidative stress at baseline are related with patient's functionality one year after the first episode of mania, but only when mania debuts with depressive symptons simultaneously.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Atypical antipsychotics are a new treatment option for patients with impaired impulse regulation as seen in Cluster B personality disorders. Preliminary data are available on the use of atypical antipsychotics especially in the treatment of impulsivity in borderline personality disorder. The aim of the present study is to investigate efficacy regarding impaired impulse regulation, different psychopathological symptoms and tolerability of quetiapine in a group of patients with Cluster B personality disorder.

Fifteen consecutive patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of borderline, histrionic, or narcissistic personality disorder were treated for 8 weeks with open-label quetiapine at the dose of 400 mg/day. Patients were assessed at baseline, week 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and week 8. The clinical efficacy and side effects were assessed using the following scales: Hamilton Scales for Depression (HAM-D) and Anxiety (HAMD-A), Beck-Depression Inventory (BDI), Barratt Impulsivity Scale version 10 (BIS-10), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), and the Dosage Record and Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale (DOTES).

Twelve patients completed the study. Three patients (20%) dropped out due to noncompliance. A significant improvement was found for the scores of the following scales: BPRS (anxiety/depression subscale), HAM-D, and BDI. No significant result was found for impaired impulse regulation. Common adverse effects, possibly due to study medication, were mild-to-moderate somnolence, mouth dryness, agitation, nausea, and dizziness.

An 8 week open label treatment with 400mg quetiapine daily seems to improve depressive and anxiety, but not impulsivity symptoms in cluster-B personality disorders.

Anxiety disorders are the most common mental disorders, and their prevalence is substantially higher in women than in men. Research has confirmed the existence of gender differences in several types of anxiety disorders.

The current investigation sought to determine whether any observable gender differences existed in anxiety for a nonclinical sample.

the sample consisted of 300 males and 300 female students from a secondary school in Kuwait. The genders were matched in age (males = 16.52 ± 0.90 & females = 16.37 ± 0.96, t = 1.93, P > .05). The inclusion criteria for all participants: sample of the population of Al-Jahra city, aged between 15 and 18 years old, school grades 10, 11, 12, and the social status of the parents (married). The Arabic version of Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) was administered to participants. BAI reliabilities ranged from .88 to .87 with a mean .87 (alpha) denoting good internal consistency. The convergent correlations in eight samples between BAI and Kuwait University Anxiety Scale KUAS (mean r = .52) for validity coefficients.

The results revealed that females (18.67 ± 11.11) had significantly higher mean anxiety than their male (14.52 ± 10.37) counterparts (f = 22.27, P < .000).

Therefore, we can conclude that female preponderance of anxiety has been a consistent finding within literature.

The author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.

The research was carried out in Poland between 7-19 March 2021 with the help of online questionnaire on a group of 183 male aged 18-20. The subjects were divided into two age groups: 18-29 and 30-40. The second division are chemsex and non chemsex users.

Objective of this research was to test whether attachment styles, ways of coping with stress and feeling of sense of life influence the risk of overusing chemsex in MSM groups aged 18-29 and 30-40.

Online questionnaire composed of demographics and 3 psychological tests: Ways of Attachment Questionnaire (Polpa 2008) Ways of Coping Questionaire (polish adaptation by P. Szczepaniak, J. Strelau, K. Wrześniewski) Life Attitude Profile - Revised (polish adaptation by R. Klamut)

Examinated chemsex users, based on life attitudes analysis, tend to lead a strongly oriented life, are convinced of having clear and well-defined goals. In terms of dealing with stress they are presenting focused-on-task style, they exhibit lowered levels of avoidant style than normally characteristic for addicts. The research did not reveal any connection between chemsex users and attachment styles.

The research did not allow to clearly point out any connections between risk factors and chemsex usage. During data analysis some weak links occurred, nevertheless too weak to state any risk factors. As results of carried out research it was possible to determine some models, which marked some specific values, obtained on given scales, and following connections between heightening and lowering chance of chemsex usage.

No significant relationships.

Were violent/non-violent traumatic life events and victimization by/witnessing violence associates of attempted suicide among depressed adolescents who were also less resilient at early adulthood?

The present study examined a subset of mainly depressed, age-and-gender matched, adolescents derived from a representative sample of 2464 students (T1, mean age = 13.7 years) followed-up after one year (T2Q) and reassessed 5 years later (T3, n = 252, mean age = 20.0 years, 73% participation), with a questionnaire, including the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and K-SADS-PL psychiatric interviews which also tapped traumatic life events.

Logistic regression analyses revealed that attempters were victims, not witnesses of violence; more depressed and less resilient than non-attempters, and that resilience was a moderator of lifetime violent events and attempted suicide, even in the presence of antecedent depression.

Nitrous oxide (NO), also known as “laughing gas” is a colorless gas used as an anesthetic, a propellant in some foods, an engine performance enhancer and a recreational drug. When inhaled, it is known to provoke a rapid feeling of euphoria or excitement for a short period of time, dissociative phenomena and sometimes laughter. As its fellow anesthetic agent and NMDA-receptor antagonist, ketamine, NO is being studied for its possible therapeutic profile in treatment resistant major depression (TRMD).

TRMD is a serious illness, that urges for effective alternative treatments. In that regard, we explored the recent studies conducted in these patients, using NO in different dosages when compared to placebo.

The authors revised the published literature about this topic, selecting relevant articles with the topic words: “Depression”, “Treatment Resistant Major Depression” and “Nitrous Oxide” in scientific data base.

Since 2018, at least two randomized clinical trials have demonstrated that NO has considerable antidepressant effects in TRMD, when compared to placebo. Investigators noted that these positive effects where maintained at least for two weeks after a single 1-hour inhalation. In a more recent study, scientists compared different NO concentrations (25% vs. 50%) concluding that the 25% concentration had similar efficacy with a lower risk of adverse effects.

There appears to be encouraging results when treating patients with TRMD with NO in a 25% concentration. Nonetheless, there is need for further investigation, namely through studies that compare NO with other valid TRMD treatments and not only versus placebo.

No significant relationships.

Stigma is one of the most important barriers to help-seeking, treating maintenance and recovery for people suffering mental disorders. These attitudes, when present in mental health workers, may have a negative effect on the quality of health care.

to evaluate the levels of stigma in a representative sample of mental health workers and to explore potential modifiable factors associated to stigma attitudes.

An online survey was conducted on the mental health workers of Castilla y León (Spain, 2409164 habs) while projecting the 2022 Mental Health Humanization plan in order to asses educational skills, burnout (Maschlach MBI), Professional Quiality of life (CVP-35) and Stigma attitudes (Mental Illness: Cinician’s Attitudes Scales, MICA4) together with sociodemographic and work position variables.

193 workers completed completed the survey. Stigma Attitude values of the sample were low (MICA4: 31.71; SD:7.3) and burnout were low or medium (medium Emotional Exhaustion: 19.22; SD8.89; low Depersonalization: 4.91; SD:3.61; Medium Personal Accomplishment: 34,17; 6.3). In the linear regression (R2=0.249; F:11,527; p<0,001), a lower Stigma was predicted by psychologist (Beta:0,207; p=0,003) or psychiatrist position (Beta:0,204; 0,005), Self-efficacy assessed by the item “I am qualified” in the CVP-35 (Beta:-10,144; p=0,023), and a higher stigma was predicted by nurse assistant position (Beta: -0.230; p=0.001), Depersonalization Burnout dimension (Beta:0,351; p<0,001) and years of service (Beta:0.148; p=0,023)

Some groups of mental workers are more vulnerable to develop stigma attitudes. These, may be increased by fatigue and burnout. Future interventions should determine if reducing burnout and increasing capacitation may be effective in stigma eradication

No significant relationships.

Plenty of antidepressants have been reported to induce unpleasant tastes and/or odors as well as altered chemosensations when administered alone or in combination with other medications. Trazodone induced hypogeusia (decreased taste sensation) is a rare side effect. In this report, we would like to present a male patient with with hypogeusia after trazodona use and persisting for 3 months after the drug was discontinued will be discussed.

A 52-year-old male, Trazodone 50 mg/day was started 4 months ago due to difficulty in falling asleep. On the 25th day of her daily treatment, her sense of taste began to decrease and gradually became more severe. So he stopped his treatment and he applied to the internal medicine and neurology polyclinics. Routine blood tests were within normal limits. To rule out the possibility of covid 19, 2 pcr tests were done and it was found negative. No recommendations other than chewing gum. The patient applied to the psychiatry polyclinic with the complaint of decreased taste sensation that in the 3rd month of his complaints.

CASE REPORT

CASE REPORT

Chemosensory side effects due to drugs are frequently seen in the elderly and in polypharmacy. It is usually accompanied by a decrease in salivary secretion. It resolves shortly after the causative drug(s) are stopped. It is important that our patient is middle-aged, does not have additional medical diseases and does not use drugs, and his complaints continue for 3 months after the stopped of Trazodone.

No significant relationships.