Across various cultures, dissociative amnesia is triggered by psychological stress or trauma. Its hallmark is a severe (usually retrograde) memory impairment, occurring without evidence of significant brain damage (as detected by conventional structural brain imaging). In a substantial number of cases, the memory impairment follows a chronic course. Sometimes dissociative amnesia occurs on a background of a personality disorder (narcissistic or borderline). Other times, amnesia itself triggers long lasting personality changes.

This work’s objectives are establishing greater recognition among health care providers of the spectrum of the personality changes that may accompany chronic forms of dissociative amnesia.

We review data from own patients with chronic forms of dissociative amnesia.

Patients were investigated medically, psychiatrically, neuropsychologically and and neuroradiologically.

Changes in personality dimensions occur after the onset of amnesia. These may involve affectivity, perception (e.g. impaired self face or face-emotion processing), cognition (e.g. social cognition) and behaviour (e.g. changing in eating, smoking, drinking or working habits).

The observed personality changes may represent a consequence of amnesia. Functional imaging studies show metabolic changes in dissociative amnesia in brain areas involved in conscious mnemonic processing. Several structures engaged in processing within episodic-autobiographical memory system were also implicated in self and reward-related processing. Alternatively, the personality changes may be viewed as being pivotal in the development and maintenance of dissociative amnesia; this personality shift may subsequently lead to enduring changes in ways of cognitive processing, self-processing, perception and affect.

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has been linked to substance use disorders later in life. However, the unique contribution of ADHD is not clarified yet. Insufficient research in this area has considered first substance use, associated behavioral problems and female gender in longitudinal and community settings.

To study the association between childhood attention problems and substance use 18 years later.

Using a French community sample of 1103 youths followed from 1991 to 2009, we tested associations between childhood attention problems (dimensional constructs) and substance use between ages 22 and 35, adjusting for potential childhood and family confounders.

Individuals with high levels of childhood attention problems presented higher rates of substance use (regular tobacco smoking, alcohol abuse/dependence, cannabis problematic use, cocaine lifetime use). However, when taking into account other childhood behavioral problems, early substance use, academic difficulties and family adversity, childhood attention problems were only related to regular tobacco smoking and cocaine lifetime use.

This longitudinal community-based study shows that, except for tobacco and cocaine, the association between childhood attention problems and substance use is confounded by a range of early risk factors.

Attribution style bias, such as a greater tendency to perceive hostility, has been reported to be presented in multi-episode and chronic schizophrenia patients.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether adolescents with Early-Onset-Schizophrenia (EOS) exhibited a perceived hostility bias and whether this bias was correlated with adolescents' clinical characteristics (positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia, anxiety, depression, self-esteem) and social competence (social behavior, communication, imagination).

Thirteen adolescents with EOS (mean age: 14.7) and 17 healthy adolescents (mean age: 14.2), matched on age and total IQ, completed the Ambiguous Intentions Hostility Questionnaire (AIHQ) and several clinical measures of anxiety, depression, social competences and self-esteem. The AIHQ is a self-report questionnaire about negative outcomes that varied intentionality in different situations (i.e., ambiguous, intentional and accidental situations). The perceived hostility, composite blame and aggression bias scores were calculated.

In comparison with healthy adolescents, adolescents with EOS attributed more hostile intentions to persons in accidental situations (hostility bias); they also exhibited a higher level of negative emotions (blame bias) toward persons in accidental situations. Both, hostility bias and blame bias were associated with a higher level of anxiety and a lower selfesteem in EOS adolescents.

These results suggest that cognitive and emotional biased attribution style in EOS may constitute an important factor of vulnerability to social impairments in adolescents with EOS and suggest that these attributional biases should constitute the targets of early psychotherapeutic intervention with these patients.

There are growing concerns on use of certain psychotropic medications on women's reproductive health, pregnancy and lactation. Lithium, Sodium valproate, Carbamazepine and Lamotrigine are recommended by National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) in treatment of Bipolar Disorder. While treatment of Bipolar disorder is crucial, it is imperative that there is clear communication between patients, carers and health professionals to enable patients in making informed decisions about their care

NICE recommends that healthcare professionals should give relevant information at every stage of assessment and treatment. They should discuss contraception and risks of pregnancy. Furthermore, it is good practice to assess capacity of service user's to consent to treatment. This enables service user to make well-informed decision.

To find out if relevant steps were taken to aid women in making well-informed decision regarding their treatment i.e by verbal communication and providing written information.

We retrospectively analysed electronic patient record of women meeting inclusion criteria.

Out of 616 women, 119 met the inclusion criteria. Patients’ ages ranged from 20 to 55. 52% were on Lithium, followed by Sodium Valproate(22%), Lamotrigine(14%) and Carbamazepine(12%). There was evidence of verbal communication in only 35% and provision of written information in only 11%. Contraception advice was documented in only 24%. Documentation of assessment of capacity to consent to treatment was found only in 31%.

There is lack of adequate communication between clinicians and patients. There are several possible explanations for this finding with one of the main reasons being poor documentation.

Intramuscular (IM) medication may be considered as part of an appropriate plan to treat safely patients who are at immediate risk of violence. We aimed to assess the characteristics and monitoring of IM medication use in an inpatient population, in the context of the Sheffield Rapid Tranquillisation (RT) protocol, based on the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines.

The population studied included 639 discharges from four acute inpatient wards in Sheffield, U.K., from April 2011 to April 2012. Thirty patients who had been administered IM RT were identified. Demographics, Mental Health Act (MHA) status, diagnosis, non-pharmacological interventions and monitoring procedures were recorded.

Patients were female on 20(66.7%), White British on 14(46.7%), and under the MHA on 29(96.7%) occasions respectively. Diagnoses most frequently recorded were Schizophrenia 7(23.3%), Bipolar Disorder-Mania 7(23.3%) and Acute and Transient Psychosis 5(16.7%). Verbal de-escalation was used on 8(26.7%), oral medication was repetitively offered on 23(76.7%), a doctor was contacted on 14(46.7%), and the patient was restrained on 22(73.3%) and secluded on 13(43.3%) occasions respectively. Physical observations (blood pressure, pulse, temperature, oxygen saturation, level of consciousness and respiratory rate) were monitored and recorded on 13(43.3%) cases only, and only 3(10%) and 6(20%) had a pre-treatment and post-treatment ECG respectively.

IM RT was used on a small percentage of general adult inpatients, almost all detained, mainly with Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder-Mania and Acute & Transient Psychosis. Better implementation of the monitoring protocol is needed to improve the quality of care of acutely disturbed patients.

Individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) often have symptoms of re-experiencing traumatic life events, recurring nightmares, hyper arousal and insomnia. Evidence is increasing that stress-related hyperglutamatergic states may contribute to dissociative symptoms and neurodegeneration in temporo-parietal cortical areas. Cognitive performance is also be effected in some of the traumatized patients. We are going to present a PTSD case who demonstrates significant memory impairment.

38 years-old, male patient. He had experienced combat related traumatic life events June in 2009 and diagnosed with PTSD according to DSM-IV criteria. Disturbance in short time memory, perception, attention, concentration deficiency was observed in the clinical interview. As a result of cognitive assessment, calculating and remembering subtests were lower than the others so it could be associated with cognitive impairment. To evaluate the organic brain pathology CT was applied and it was within normal limits. After than PET was conducted to reveal the metabolic abnormalities. Left parietal cortical global hypo-metabolic activity, global hypometabolism in temporal cortex and regional hypometabolism in medial parietal cortical regions was demonstrated. He has been treated and fallowed up for two years and provided significant improvement in PTSD symptoms but cognitive impairment was still showed constancy.

It is well known that left parietal and temporal cortical region would be associated with impaired memory performance. The areas that we have found at PET are known to be involved in episodic memory consolidation and retrieval. Comorbid PTSD and hypometabolism in lateral cortical region has not been well documented in the literature.

Recent studies have suggested that the deficit of glutathione (GSH), a major antioxidant, seems to play a role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Moreover, oxidative stress may contribute to the development of neurological abnormalities, including tardive dyskinesia and parkinsonism symptoms.

To determine plasma glutathione levels and to explore their association with neurological soft signs (NSS) in patients with chronic and first-episode schizophrenia.

A case-control study carried-out on three groups: sixty clinically stable patients with chronic schizophrenia, twentythree patients with first-episode schizophrenia and thirty matched healthy controls. Glutathione levels: total (GSHt), reduced (GSHr) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) were determined by spectrophotometry. NSS were assessed in three groups by a standardized neurological examination (Krebs et al., 2000).

Plasmatic GSHt and GSHr levels were significantly decreased in patients with chronic and first-episode schizophrenia. All NSS scores were significantly higher in two groups of patients compared to controls. No association was found between NSS scores and glutathione levels in patients with chronic schizophrenia. However, in patients with firstepisode, a negative correlation was found between GSHt levels and involuntary movement sub-score (r= -0.62, p=0.008).

These results suggest that GSH deficit is not related to the stage of disease and may be an important indirect biomarker of oxidative stress in schizophrenia. The association between low GSHt level as a marker of oxidative stress and involuntary movements could suggest that oxidative stress may contribute to the brain damage which leads to an increased prevalence of these NSS.

1. to assess the subjective perception of HRQoL in medical students’ sample; and

2. to ascertain predictors of better perception of HRQoL in medical students.

We have assessed and compared scores of Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), used for the assessment of HRQoL in sample of 561 medical students and 332 control participants. Also, we have used linear regression to identify predictors of better perception of HRQoL in the sample of medical students.

The results indicate that medical students had statistically significantly higher total score of SF-36. The statistically significant predictors of better perception of HRQoL in medical students were: male gender, younger age and higher grade year of studies and non-medical students was male gender. The other sociodemographic and academic variables did not emerge as possible predictors of better perception of HRQoL.

Medical students perceive their health much better than other university students do but female, older and second year medical students have worse perception of their HRQoL. In non-medical university students females had worse perception of their HRQoL. Those points should be potential target areas for specific prevention and treatment in order to achieve better quality of life of medical students and life of nonmedical students.

Internet over-consumption can cause dysfunctional usage resulting in several deleterious outcomes. The “Internet Use Disorder” is gaining importance in diagnostic manuals as its prevalence increases.

The objective of the study was to examine how this upcoming disorder is assessed at present.

We present the actual status of Internet addiction assessment tools and develop a theoretical framework for optimizing “Internet Use Disorder” assessment tools design.

A factorial structure analysis of tools assessing Internet addiction for adolescents and adults published between January 1993 and October 2011 was performed and a theoretical framework for optimizing tools design was developed. The descriptive properties of 14 questionnaires were measured and the position of the instruments’ methodology, validity, reliability and model fit was presented, along with the preferred factorial analysis method and validation technique.

Results indicate some heterogeneity in study methodology and differences in descriptive and dimensional aspects of assessment tools. The three factor categories compulsive Internet use, negative outcomes and salience were central to Internet addiction questionnaires. Furthermore, the social dimension was often under-represented. No significant difference was observed in the distribution of factor categories across Internet addiction questionnaires and DSM-IV-TR and ICD-10 diagnostic criteria for substance dependence.

The validity and reliability of the evaluated questionnaires reflect the newness of this field. The underrepresentation of the social use of Internet is a problematic situation as it is causing considerable damages. Future research should consider that Internet addiction evaluation questionnaires need refinement. Appropriate strategies are proposed.

Suicide is a major global social and public health problem. Drug abuse is considered a significant risk factor for suicidal behavior. Research evidence suggests that some drug addicts may be more likely to engage in suicidal behavior.

The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of drug-dependent individuals who committed suicide.

The social and demographic profiles of drug-dependent individuals who committed suicide in Belarus between 1995 and 2010 were investigated.

The use of illicit drugs has increased dramatically during last two decades in Belarus. Suicide is the fifth leading cause of death among drug-dependent population in this country. 92 suicide cases (84 males, mean age 34.9 ± 1.2 and 8 females, mean age 35.6 ± 1.4) among drug addicts in Belarus from 1995 to 2010 were registered. 92.4% of suicide victims used opiates. 53.3% of drug addicts had a criminal record. The majority of suicide victims (68%) suffered comorbid disorders. The most common disorders were viral hepatitis (30%), HIV (20%) and alcohol dependence (18%). 95.7% of drug addicts have committed suicide by hanging.

A number of risk factors for suicide such as opiates use, comorbid disorders and criminal activity among drugdependent individuals have been identified. It is important to identify those individuals with drug dependence that might be at particularly high risk for suicide.

Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) may lead to persistent depression symptoms. We conducted several pilot studies to examine the efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions to deal with this issue; all showed strong effect sizes. The logical next step was to conduct a randomized controlled trial (RCT).

We sought to determine the efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for people with depression symptoms post-TBI (MBCT-TBI).

Using a multi-site RCT design, participants (mean age = 47) were randomized to intervention or control arms. Treatment participants received a group-based, 10-week intervention; control participants waited. Outcome measures, administered pre- and post-intervention, and after three months, included: Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R). The Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale (PHLMS) captured present moment awareness and acceptance.

BDI-II scores decreased from 25.47 to 18.84 in treatment groups while they stayed relatively stable in control groups (respectively 27.13 to 25.00; p = .029). We did not find statistically significant differences on the PHQ-9 and SCL-90R post- treatment. However, after three months, all scores were statistically significantly lower than at baseline (ps < .01). Increases in mindfulness were associated with decreases in BDI-II scores (r[29] = -.401, p = .025).

MBCT-TBI may alleviate depression symptoms up to three months post-intervention. Greater mindfulness may have contributed to the reduction in depression symptoms although the association does not confirm causality. More work is required to replicate these findings, identify subgroups that may better respond to the intervention, and refine the intervention to maximize its effectiveness.

Schizophrenia is a chronic severe psychiatric disorder with multiple environmental and genetic determinants. Several reports indicate the possible role of immune system dysregulation in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. An accumulating body of evidence indicates an association of schizophrenia and its psychopathology with altered cytokine production. The variation of the level of cytokines might be partly due to their functional gene polymorphism.

The study was carried out to investigate the association of schizophrenia with the following cytokine polymorphisms: IL-2 (-330T/G), IL-6 (-174G/C), IFN-gamma (+874 T/A), TGF-beta (+869 T/C and +915 G/C).

We included 130 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and 184 controls in our study. The patients were evaluated for lifetime psychotic symptomatology using the Operational Criteria for Psychotic Illness (OPCRIT) checklist. The patients having history of traumatic brain injury, neurologic disorders, substance abuse or immune related diseases were excluded from the study by detailed medical examination.

The polymorphisms were in HWE both in the cases’ and controls’ groups. In single marker analysis, we did not find an association for the tested polymorphisms.

Our data do not support the role of IL-2, IL-6, IFN-gamma and TGF-beta gene polymorphisms in the predisposition to schizophrenia in the Polish population.

A suicide attempt is an major event that creates harm on both family and close relatives, that can be measured in terms of traumatic stress and medico-economic impact (costs). Each year, 3.750.000 French people are concerned by a suicide attempt of a relative (or close person).

Male or female, older than 16, being a relative of a suicide attempter (i.e. living in the same house as the suicide attempter). 171 families were included (171 suicide attempters and 171 « family informants »). These subjects were compared to IRDES datas on French population (Institute of Research and Documentation on Health Economy ; sample of 20.000 subjects, representing 95% of the French families). All subjects were reassessed by phone at 3 month and 1 year.

80% of the relatives declare “being fine” at 1 year; the 20% that declare being “not so well” are important to qualify, the sooner after the suicide attempt. An explicative model trying to evaluate the risk of being “not so well” at 1 year is possible ; this model is highly represented by the psychotraumatic impact of the confrontation with the suicide attempt.

On the economic plan, we can observe a great stability in healthcare contacts at 1 year (hospitalizations, GP or Specialists contacts, other kind of care contact…), contrasting with a big increase in medication use (× 2.37 in comparison with IRDES population); all the medication types being concerned, psychotropic and others.

The question of a self-medication partly unconscious is raised.

There is a lack of instruments evaluating self-stigma among adolescents with mental health issues in the Russian language for today. The questionnaire developed by Tally Moses (Moses, 2009) is convenient to fill that lack.

The study aims to compare the main parameters of the original questionnaire to that of the version translated in Russian.

The original questionnaire was translated into Russian and administered to 40 adolescents (21 males, aged 12 to 17) with mental disorders except for severe cognitive deficits or pervasive developmental disorders. Means and Cronbach’s alpha for each of the four scales were assessed and compared to the author’s questionnaire values.

Reliability analysis revealed similar Cronbach’s alpha for 3 of 4 scales (table 1) except the Secrecy scale (1 of 6 questions showed low consistency; its exclusion increased α from 0.63 to 0.74).

The means for each scale were compared with original data using a one-sample t-test. Only the Personal Rejection scale was significantly low on average than the original data.

Preliminary results showed that Russian adolescent patients perceived the translated questionnaire much the same way as American ones. Thus, our findings provide optimistical perspectives of further adaptation of the questionnaire.

No significant relationships.

The Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) training was developed to educate police officers regarding the complexity of mental health (MHI) issues, and better prepare them for crisis encounters with persons with mental illness (PwMI).

To determine if CIT training improves police officers’ knowledge, attitude, and stigma about mental health issues.

A systematic review followed the PRISMA protocol and was conducted on the PubMed database (Figure 1). Search strings were “crisis intervention team training,” “crisis intervention team,” “CIT,” “effectiveness,” and “police.” Inclusion eligibility required primary studies using surveys that measured the CIT training outcomes (i.e., knowledge, attitude, and stigma). Literature/narrative reviews or opinions were excluded.

The comprehensive meta-analysis software version 3.0 was utilized during analysis. Randomized odds ratios using a 95% confidence interval (CI) were obtained. Officers’ scores for knowledge, attitude, and stigma about MHI were taken before and after the survey. The Control group consisted of officers without CIT training. The CIT trained officers displayed an improvement in knowledge (OR 2.35, CI: 1.51– 3.67), attitude (OR 2.55, CI: 1.36–4.78), and stigma (OR 3.11, CI: 1.88–5.17). The results were statistically significant, with a p-value of less than 0.001 (Figure 2).

CIT trained police officers displayed a significant improvement in their knowledge, attitude, and reduced stigma towards PwMI. Although our study displays CIT training’s positive effects, previous studies reported a nullified effect of CIT in reducing arrests and the use of force during police officers encounters with PwMI. Future researchers must explore this gap, mainly focusing on gender and race bias.

The activity of military personnel is associated with risk and tension which can affect both physical and mental health. Hardiness reflects certain characteristics of a person that can motivate them to take an active part in overcoming difficult circumstances. Thou we considering Hardiness is a resource for the reliability of professional activity. The study was supported by the RFBR #19-013-00799.

Research of Hardiness as a military personnel professional reliability resource.

The research involved 315 participants, male. Average age 20.12 years (min – 18, max – 32). The participants completed 3 standardized questionnaires: The Occupational Stress Survey (Leonova, 2006), The 16 PF Questionnaire (rus. version, Kapustina (eds.), 2001), Hardiness Survey (rus. ver. by Leontiev, Rasskazova, 2006).

In our study Hardiness value was above-average (M = 101.3; SD = 15.96). Correlation analysis revealed a direct relationship between Hardiness and “Reliability of professional activity” (M = 0; SD = 1) – Chronic stress, Emotional Stability, Motivational Distortion, Apprehensiveness (p = 0.0001; r = 0.678). It also appeared that Hardiness is a predisposition factor of professional reliability activity (adj. R2=0.539). Correlation analysis also revealed an inverse correlation between Hardiness and Chronic stress (p = 0.0001; r = -0.730).

Thus Hardiness is a resource for the reliability of professional activity. These results can be used in practice for performing trainings to support specialists and help them develop resources for reliability of professional activity.

No significant relationships.