The EPDS (Edinburg Postpartum Depression Scale) is a scale widely used for postpartum depression screening. Its application has been made usually in face to face situation. Because of problems that may hamper the contact with patients, alternative strategies for its application have been used, such as telephone contact. This study aims to establish the cutoff point of EPDS which provides the best sensitivity and specificity rates for telephone use.

It is a cross-sectional study, using data collected from a cohort of women followed in the third trimester of pregnancy and in the postpartum period in Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. EPDS was applied by telephone on 176 women, of whom 147 were interviewed face to face. The SCID (Strutured Clinical Diagnostic Interview for DSM-IV) data were correlated with the EPDS data, and sensitivity and specificity were calculated using ROC-curve.

The diagnosis of major depressive episode was confirmed by the SCID in 77 participants. For EPDS values ≥ 10 the sensitivity rate was of 70.1%, specificity of 74.3%, positive predictive value of 75.0% and negative predictive value of 69.3%. With a EPDS cutoff point ≥ 12, sensitivity was 55.8%, specificity was 84.3% and positive predictive value was 79.6%.

The cutoff point of 10 was more appropriate than the cutoff point of 12 when using EPDS by telephone, as a measure of population screening for postpartum depression.

The purpose of this survey has been studying the status of working memory and the ability of retrieval specific memory materials from autobiographical memory among PTSD veteran's young children.

The sample contains 131 high school students in 3 groups: PTSD and non-PTSD veteran's young children and young children of healthy person. They are somewhat controlled in the age and academic performance.Research instrument, were including: Beck Depression Inventory, SpielbergerState-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the index of working memory of Wechsler III Test, and Autobiographical Memory Test. Data analysis has been done by the method of descriptive statistics, One way Analysis Of Variance, Scheffe Fallow-up Test.

The results indicate that PTSD veteran's children have lower performance in working and autobiographical memory tasks than healthy person's children have shown. The research also indicates that the state of depression and anxiety in PTSD veteran's children is higher than healthy person's children, while in these 3 components (working memory, autobiographical memory, and anxiety) between PTSD veteran's children and Non-PTSD veteran's children there is no significant differences but in the depression component there was a significantdifference between them. Other research findings have shown that Non-PTSD veteran's children compared with healthy person's children have lower performance in working memory tasks, while in autobiographical memory tasks there was no significant difference, between these two groups. Levels of anxiety in Non-PTSD veteran's children were lower than healthy person's children, there is no significant difference between them in depression.

Neurocognitive aspects and cognitive processes can be done in future.

Dissociative disorders have comorbidity with conversion disorder, borderline personality disorder, depression and somatization disorder. Though dissociative disorders and medical illness comorbidity is not investigated enough, epilepsy, cronic pain such as headache, pelvic pain and backpain are frequent with childhood trauma and dissociative disorders. Few studies indicated that headache is more frequent in people with childhood trauma but the relationship between dissociative experiences and headache, childhood and other traumas is not investigated enough.

The aim of this study is to investigate the frequency of childhood trauma and dissociative disorders and the relationship between them among patients with cronic headache.

DIS-Q, SDQ, DES and Childhood Trauma Questionare is given to 90 patients presented to Neurology headache unit. Patients scored DIS-Q>2 or SDQ>30 or DES>25 are called for another session to apply DDIS and SCID-D.

46,7% of the patients had comorbid psychiatric illness. In this population the percentage of childhood trauma was 58,9% (34,4% neglect; 24,7% physical abuse; 22,6% emotional abuse; 10,8% sexual abuse). 21,1% of the patients had at least one suicide attempt; 17,8% had self destructive behaviour. DDIS was applied to 33 and SCID-D to 19 of 90 patients. Any type of dissociative disorders is diagnosed in 31 of 33 patients evaluated with DDIS.

We found high prevelance of childhood trauma and dissociative disorders among patients who present to neurology headache unit. These findings may indicate that childhood trauma can play a role in the development of dissociative disorders and somatic symptoms such as headache.

Major depressive disorder associated the increase of cortisol level and high level of cortisolemia is correlated with the decrease of neuroprotection. Hippocampus low volume is a marker for depressive disorder. The cognitive impairment in depression is linked with hippocampus - enthorinal structures-frontal cortex disconectivity. Melatoninic agonists can increase the neuroprotection and improve depressive mood.

We formed 2 study lots each constitued of 5 male adults rats (200–250 g), held through the study duration in temperature, humidity, food and ambient stress less conditions, compared to a control lot. The studied substances were administrated intraperitoneal, daily, for 10 days, saline solution equivalent to dexametasone (0.20 mg/kg/day) (N1); 14 days we administered 10 mg/kg/daily of agomelatine through a stomach tube and the following 10 days of dexametasone and agomelatine in the same dosage (N2). The N1 lot was sacrificed in the day 11, and the N2 lot was sacrificed in the day 25.

The sample brain was histopathologically processed: formalin (10%) and ethyl alcohol (96%) fixation and paraffine embeded. Microtome slices were stained in hematoxyline-eosine, trichromicGS, PAS-hematoxyline, toluidine blue and methylen blue for Nissle corpuscles. The obtained slices were studied with optical microscopy, the target of our study was hippocampus and frontal cortex.

The hippocampus and frontal cortex presents important histopathological abnormalities (neuronal death, vacuolisation, axonal fragmentation) for N1 after dexametasone. These changes are decreased in N2.

Agomelatine on the animal model actioned with a neuroprotective effect in the hippocampus and frontal cortex front of cortisolic aggresion (marker for depression).

TREAT is a collaborative multi-centre-study conducted in Athens, Essen, London, Padua, Stockholm and Zurich which includes three repeated measures over a period of 18 month (T1-T3). Apart from the Europ-ASI, questionnaires for comorbid disorders and the utilisation of the treatment system were administered. The sample comprised about 100 subjects per region diagnosed with opiate addiction. 317 patients (53%) were retrieved for all three measures.

With some exceptions in all centres health service use by patients could be increased during the observation period. The severity of addiction decreased in almost all regions.

In a statistical model comprising all subjects who completed the study, the best predictor for abstinence was the number of detoxification treatments but also participation in long-term rehabilitative therapy. Patients with additional severe alcohol consumption at the beginning of the study had a higher risk for continuous drug use.

A second regression-model assumed that participants who had dropped out were still dependent on opiates. Again the combination of heroin and alcohol appeared to be a negative predictor. Patients in methadone maintenance treatment suffering from major depression showed a more positive outcome.

Regional differences concerning patients´ characteristics, health services and drop-out rates give reason for a cautious interpretation. The study describes high- and low-risk-groups as hints for the effective allocation of resources.

Prevalence studies show that nearly 80% of young offenders present psychiatric comorbidity. Juvenile offenders are at 3 times higher risk of being diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder. Recent systematic reviews have mainly focused on youth in detention neglecting youth in the community. Females and ethnic minorities have been overlooked in the literature in spite of the increasing rates of psychiatric disorders striking these groups.

To perform a meta-analysis on the prevalence rates of various mental disorders including depression, psychosis, PTSD, conduct disorder, ADHD, learning disabilities and personality disorders among young offenders. Self-harm and suicidal behaviour are examined too.

To compare the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among young offenders across custody and community and to emphasise on gender, age, and ethnic variations.

Relevant studies have been identified with computer-assisted searching and scanning of reference lists. Prevalence of mental disorders based on gender, age and ethnicity along with potential moderating factors are extracted from the included studies. Meta-regression is performed to test covariates that might have contributed to differences in prevalence rates across studies.

After searching the relevant literature, 99 studies were determined to be eligible for data extraction.

Young offenders with ongoing mental health problems comprise a vulnerable group within forensic psychiatric services that needs special attention. More prevalence studies should be conducted to improve mental health provision. Ethnic, gender, and age variations across young offenders should be addressed and turn interventions into a tailored process that responds to the young person's particular treatment needs.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

To characterize the safety and tolerability of desvenlafaxine succinate (DVS) in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).

Pooled data from 7 double-blind, placebo-controlled studies were analyzed. Adult outpatients with DSM-IV MDD received DVS or placebo for 8 weeks. Four studies employed flexible dosing of DVS (100-200mg/d [1 study]; 200-400mg/d [3 studies]); 3 studies evaluated fixed doses (100/200/400mg/d [1 study]; 200/400mg/d [2 studies]). Vital signs and treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were evaluated. In the fixed-dose subset of studies, dose-related effects were analyzed.

The overall safety population consisted of 2014 patients (DVS: n=1211; placebo: n=803); 60% were women. Adverse events were responsible for discontinuations in 4% of placebo-treated patients and 15% of DVS-treated patients. Discontinuation rates increased with dose (10% with 100mg/d to 17% with 400mg/d) in the subset of fixed-dose studies. TEAEs were consistent with the serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) class. Nausea was generally mild to moderate with a median duration less than or = to 6 days; the incidence decreased to placebo-like rates after week 1. With all doses of DVS, small but statistically significant changes in mean blood pressure were observed. Mean changes in pulse rate and the proportion of potentially clinically important increases in sustained elevations in supine diastolic blood pressure were higher for patients receiving 200/400mg/d than among placebo-treated subjects; values for these parameters with the 100mg/d dose did not differ from placebo.

DVS treatment exhibited a safety and tolerability profile that was generally consistent with the SNRI class.

Deficits in executive functions may play a leading role in late-life suicide behaviours.

To determine whether executive functions, and more specifically cognitive inhibition, could be associated with increased risk of suicidal behaviours among depressed elderly individuals.

We compared 10 depressed suicide attempters aged 65 and older with 10 depressed suicide non-attempters matched for age, gender and education. To assess cognitive inhibition, we used neutral material, in the form of the Modified Card Sorting Test (MCST), Go-No-Go task (GNG) and Stroop test (ST). The Brixton Spatial Anticipation test (BSA), the dual-task performance and verbal fluencies test were also used to assess flexibility, planning tasks and memory.

Suicidal (mean, 75.30 years; 70% female) and non-suicidal (mean, 72.90 years; 70% female) depressed groups were comparable in terms of burden of physical illness and severity of depression according to the Hamilton Depression Scale (mean score 27.90, p = 0.529). Suicide attempters showed greater impairments in cognitive inhibition as illustrated by significant between-group differences in the number of MCST errors (p = 0.023) and MCST preservative errors (p = 0.035), and by the trend of worse performance on GNG (p = 0.052). No significant differences were found in the scores on ST, BSA, dual-task performance and in semantic or phonemic verbal fluencies. Furthermore, suicide attempt was also associated with GNG score (adjusted Odds Ratio = 0.25 [95CI = 0.07–0.95], p = 0.041) after adjustment for age.

Our case-control study shows that poor cognitive inhibition is associated with suicidal behaviours in late-life depression.

This study aimed to identify the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among the navies or their spouses at 6 months after the tsunami disaster, to compare HRQOL with the 2006 Thailand normative data for Short Form - 36 (Bangkok)4.

A structured questionnaire modified from the 36-item Medical Outcome Study Short-Form Health Survey (MOS SF - 36), including demographic data, characteristics and amount of loss, social support, health information, and type of Tsunami exposure were recorded.

A total of 434 subjects participated in this study. Male was 77%. Married was 67%. Mean age was 33.56 ± 9.26 years old. The QOL scores among members of the Navy or their spouses were lower than the 2006 Thailand normative data (Bangkok) in almost all subscales except physical functioning, bodily pain, and social functioning. The major consequence of the Tsunami was mental health problems. A majority of the survivors who seriously experienced mental problems were female, low education, decreased income, loss of one's family members/loved ones, or property. Bodily pain was the only indicator subscale of QOL which was significant statistically associated with Tsunami exposure.

The QOL measurement provided essential information that helped healthcare providers to identify survivors’ needs and outcomes. In addition, the changes in QOL over time after Tsunami disaster might be an effective guideline for health resources allocation. To improve their quality of life, these people required appropriate social support as well as physical and mental health care.

Priapism is an abnormally prolonged erection, painful and irreducible, unrelated to sexual stimulation. Around 25-40% of cases are iatrogenic, especially associated with pharmacological treatments, of which antipsychotics (first and second generation) account for 50%.

The aim is to discuss a clinical case to provide further evidence.

The patient was a 37-year-old man with a diagnosis of schizophrenia who was admitted for clinical decompensation. He had stopped antipsychotic treatment three months earlier due to side effects. He reported previous episodes of priapism associated with Risperidone, Aripiprazole, Olanzapine, and Paliperidone. At admission, he was administered Asenapine 20mg with development of priapism. Treatment was stopped. The urologists performed a lavage of the corpora cavernosa and administered adrenaline. In the absence of effectiveness, surgical intervention was successfully performed. Given the psychopathological improvement, he was discharged without antipsychotic treatment and close follow-up.

He presented a new admission one month later. Amisulpride was prescribed up to 800mg/day with good evolution and no adverse effects.

Antipsychotic-induced priapism appears to be related to the blockade of alpha-1 adrenergic receptors in the corpora cavernosa. There is a positive correlation between the affinity for the receptor and the propensity to cause priapism. The dose and duration of the medication do not appear to be correlated. Other risk factors are a history of previous episodes, restarting medication after noncompliance, use of concomitant substances or medications that cause priapism. Our choice of amisulpride was based on the fact that it has no affinity for alpha-1 adrenergic receptors.

No significant relationships.

Suicide is a major problem in public health and is related to many risk factors as unemployment and changing in a labour market.

This article aims to undesrstand the current escalating impacts of work on menatl health workers from the study of the relationship between unemployment and suicide as the direct effects of this new morphology of labour.

The search was conducted using the following databases: PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Library of Knowledge online (b-on), Social Care Online, EBSCO, PsycINFO, to ensure that search strategy in the literature examined thoroughly covered the areas of medicine, sociology and psychology, beyond the textbooks and official documents of the above areas. The terms used in the search were: “unemployment”, “mental health”, “suicide”, “mental disorder”. Using the PRISMA methodology, the 628 articles were considered if the search terms were included and published in the period 2005-2014; after a review of the title and summary, 53 eligible studies in english, french, german, spanish, portuguese and italian were included. Duplicates and documents dealing with mental health in retirees, children and adolescents were excluded.

Findings suggest that long-term unemployment is associated with greater incidence of suicide. Changes in the workplace, such as the reduction of employment, expansion of unemployment, have led to an increase in unemployment, which, in turn, has led the worker to the disease process, especially mentally. Community programs mental and psychotherapeutic strategies evidence-based health can help reduce and prevent suicide in the working world, a global imperative.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Identify risk factors of death or imprisonment within classes defined by demographic factors and diagnoses within one year of first psychiatric admission.

Nationwide data was obtained from hospital registers from psychiatric hospitals in Iceland 1983–2007. Mortality and cause of death as well as information about imprisonments during the study period, and discharge diagnoses for the first year after initial admission were obtained for each individual. Individuals aged 18 during the study period with at least one year of follow-up were included. Latent Class Analysis was used to identify groups with distinguishable risk of either being alive, dead or having been imprisoned at the end of follow-up.

Among psychiatric patients, 4677 were included, average age was 27 years (range 18–43). Four latent classes were identified with different risks of adverse outcomes. Class B (16%), predominantly males with substance use disorder (SUD) diagnoses, had highly increased risk of imprisonment and death accounting for 85 and 34% of these outcomes, respectively. Class A (12%), all with alcohol use disorder, had similar mortality rate as the general population and no imprisonments. Class C (23%) were younger at first admission with some SUD and increased risk of mortality. Class D (46%) had increased mortality rate, SUDs were rare but depression common.

Risk of mortality and criminal trends among psychiatric inpatients can be described as distinct clusters of risk factors present at first admission to a psychiatric hospital. Treatment and interventions to reduce mortality and criminality should take these risk differences into account.

One hundred and twelve emergency medical staff are faced with many physical and mental problems due to the deterioration of their sleep-wake cycle and getting out of their usual work and social life.

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of anxiety, depression, day time sleepiness on the quality of life in 112 emergency medical staff.

Target population of this cross-sectional study was the 112 emergency medical staff in the province of Rize. We tried to obtain all the universe (n = 154), so the sample was not selected. One hundred and four people (67%) participated in the study. In the data form, Epworth sleepiness scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory and the SF-36 quality of life questionnaire were applied.

The prevalence of pathological sleepiness was 14.4% (n = 15), the prevalence of anxiety was 39,8% (n = 41), the prevalence depression was 20,2% (n = 21), respectively (Table 1).

Based on high levels of anxiety and depression that reduces quality of life compared to the general population in 112 emergency services workers, motivational programs, coping strategies, psychological counseling services are required. Also, against the psychosocial risk factors forming anxiety and depression in the working life, organizational measures must be taken.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.