An impairment in the ability of experience pleasure has always been associated with schizophrenia. Although literature agrees that the anticipatory facet of pleasure is mainly impaired in Schizophrenia, contrasting results emerged on the discrepancy between pleasure experienced in the moment and the one reported through self-reported questionnaire (i.e. Emotion Paradox).

Comparing Schizophrenic patients (S) and Healthy Controls (HC) on Anhedonia scores, Subjective Experiences and Neurocognitive Deficits.

Clarify the role of anhedonia in Schizophrenia and evaluate its relationship with Cognitive deficits and subjective experiences and their emotional reverberations.

53 S and 46 HC completed the Physical Anhedonia Scale, the Revised Social Anhedonia Scale, the Temporary Experience of Pleasure Scale and the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale. Subjective Experiences (SE) were evaluated with the Frankfurter Beschwerde-Frageboden (FBF) and psychopathology with the Positive and Negative Syndromes Scale. Deficit in abstraction/representation were assessed with the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test.

S were higher in the anticipatory but not the consummatory subscale of the TEPS. FBF mediate the relationship between S and all the Anhedonia Scales. FBF Memory and Overstimulation subscales were the greatest predictors of all the anhedonia scores in the S group. We suppose that these experiences prevent patients from retaining a positive experience from past pleasant activities and, consequently, the lack of anticipatory pleasure would represent an avoidance of potentially stressing new scenarios.

Considering the primary nature of BS, anhedonia in schizophrenic patients could be seen as a secondary phenomenon.

INTRODUCTION TikTok is a social network (SN) that allows users to share short videos about different issues. Since the COVID-19 lockdown, there has been an increase in Pro-Ana and Pro-Mia videos in this specific SN.

OBJECTIVES To know the main characteristics about Pro-Ana and Pro-Mia contents among TikTok users.

METHODS A search was carried out using uncontrolled language with the term “TCA” (ED in English). The study included only Pro-Ana and Pro-Mia resources in Spanish. Resources under the category “recovery” were excluded. A random sample of 16 TikTok was used, since it is enough to estimate, with a confidence of 95% and an accuracy of +/- 20 percentage units, a population percentage that is expected to be around 20%. The studied variables were images, type of resources, “challenges” and misspelled words.

RESULTS In the sample, 68.75% of the profiles were created upon confinement, 56.25% had more than 500 followers and 68.75% had more than 3000 “likes”. 43.75% included more than 30% of ED advocacy content, 18.75% promoted challenges and 37.5% used misspelled words to avoid SN censorship.

CONCLUSIONS There has been a remarkable increase in ED-related content as a result of lockdown. In turn, the increasing number of users who are part of TikTok reveals that this is a SN that can be associated with ED advocacy.

No significant relationships.

The evolution of various pharmacological therapies for schizophrenia has given rise to several pharmacological models for the neuroreceptor targets of antipsychotics and the influence of various neuroreceptors on specific symptoms and side effects.

Experience in clinical practice affirms clozapine's position as the treatment of choice for patients with treatment-refractory schizophrenia. Unlike clozapine, risperidone has a more targeted profile of neurotransmitter binding, with particular predilection for dopamine and serotonin receptors. Risperidone is, to date, the most extensively documented clozapine augmentation agent.

The aim was to evaluate clinical efficacy, safety and tolerability of augmenting clozapine with risperidone in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia.

In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 8-week trial, 10 patients unresponsive or partially responsive to 300 mg/day of clozapine monotherapy (n = 5) received a steady dose of 450 mg/day clozapine combined with or up to 4 mg/day of risperidone (n = 5). Patient psychopathology was assessed at 2-week intervals with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) and Clinical Global Impression (CGI) improvement scale.

From baseline to week 4 and week 8, mean BPRS total and positive symptom subscale scores were reduced significantly in both groups, but the reductions were significantly greater with clozapine/risperidone treatment. Reductions in SANS scores were also significantly greater with clozapine/risperidone treatment than with clozapine monotherapy group. Clozapine/risperidone treatment did not induce additional weight gain or agranulocytosis compared with clozapine monotherapy treatment.

Clozapine augmentation with risperidone appears to be well tolerated, safe and may provide additional clinical benefit for patients who are nonresponsive or only partially responsive to clozapine alone.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Longer duration of untreated illness, longer duration of current episode, and severity of medication side effects may negatively influence the psychosocial functioning in major affective and anxiety disorders. Studies also suggested the involvement of sensory perception in emotional and psychopathological processes.

The objective of this study is to investigate the nature of the association between duration of untreated illness, duration of current episode, and severity of medication side effects.

The study is aimed to examine the relationship between sensory processing disorders (SPD), duration of untreated illness, duration of current illness episode, and the severity of side effects related to psychoactive medications.

The sample included 178 participants with an age ranging from 17 to 85 years (mean = 53.84 ± 15.55); psychiatric diagnoses were as follow: unipolar major depressive disorder (MDD) (50%), bipolar disorder (BD) (33.7%), and anxiety disorders (16.3%). subjects completed a socio-demographic questionnaire, the Udvalg for Kliniske Undersøgelser (UKU), and Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile (AASP) questionnaire.

Longer duration of current episode correlated with greater registration of sensory input and lower avoidance from sensory input among unipolar patients, lower registration of sensory input, and higher tendency for sensory sensitivity/sensation avoidance among bipolar participants. In addition? longer duration of current episode correlated with lower sensory sensitivity/avoidance among anxiety participants, respectively. Mean UKU total scores were associated with lower sensory sensitivity among bipolar individuals as well.

SPD expressed in either hypo-/hypersensitivity may be used to clinically characterize subjects with major affective and anxiety disorders.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Elderly institutionalization involves an emotional adaptation and the research shows that the risk of depression increases.

Evaluate the impact of a neuropsychological group rehabilitation program (NGRP) on depressive symptomatology of institutionalized elderly.

NGRP influences the decrease of depressive symptoms.

Elderly were assessed pre- and post-intervention with the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and divided into a Rehabilitated Group (RG), a Waiting List Group (WLG), and a Neutral Task Group (NTG).

In this randomized study, before rehabilitation, 60 elderly people (RG; 80.31 ± 8.98 years of age; 74.2% women) had a mean GDS score of 13.33 (SD = 9.21). Five elderly included in the NTG (80.13 ± 10.84 years; 75.0% women) had a mean GDS score of 10.60 (SD = 4.72). Finally, 29 elderly in the WLG (81.32 ± 6.68 years; 69.0% women) had a mean GDS score of 14.93 (SD = 6.02). The groups were not different in GDS baseline scores (F = 0.74; P = 0.478). ANCOVA has shown significant differences (P < 0.05) in GDS scores between the three groups after 10 weeks. Sidak adjustment for multiple comparisons revealed that elderly in the WLG got worse scores in GDS, comparing with elderly in RG (P < 0.01), and with elderly in NTG (P < 0.05).

Elderly that are not involved in a task get worse in depressive symptomatology. Being involved in a structured group task means lower depressive symptoms and being in a NGRP means even greater results.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Borderline personality disorder is associated with numerous symptoms that interfere with interpersonal relationships. Both mental health professionals and the general population often think negatively about patients suffering from this disorder, which may worsen the creation and maintenance of the supporting therapeutic relationship.

Research and review articles were identified using the Web of Science, Medline and Scopus. Keywords were represented byterms 'borderline”, 'stigma”, 'internalized stigma”, 'therapy”, 'treatment”, 'psychotherapy” and 'psychosocial treatment”.

Psychiatric staff´s opinions on the patients with personality disorders are strongly judgemental and stereotypic. Mental healthprofessionals stigmatize the patients with borderline personality disorder even more frequently than the general population does. The rule is that there is a conviction about incurability of the disorder, manipulative nature of self-mutilation or other symptoms, and thestrong traits of the patient are overlooked. The considerable percentage of medics tries to avoid the contact with these patients. Thesereactions partly arise from the patient’s real maladaptive behaviour; however they are partly the result of prejudice, negative stereotypes and unprocessed countertransference. Negative attitudes of medics lead to the marginalization of patients with borderline personality disorder within the health care system.

The health professionals often negatively and stereotypically evaluate the patients with borderline personality disorder, which can lead to an increase of maladaptive symptoms and worsening of treatment effectiveness in these patients.

Considérant l’accès à l’université comme une situation potentiellement stressante (Boujut et Décamps, 2012 ; Grebot et Barumandzadeh, 2005 ; Neveu, 2010), nous avons l’objectif d’évaluer la relation entre le stress perçu et les traits de personnalités chez les étudiants à l’université.

Nous avons utilisé, via des questionnaires en ligne, l’échelle de stress perçu (PSS 10) et le Big Five Inventory français (BFI-Fr). La population est de (n = 483, M d’âge = 20,23, σ = 1,99) étudiants à l’université.

Les résultats montrent que 86,3 % d’entre eux souffrent d’anxiété et 79,3 % de symptômes dépressifs avec une moyenne de stress 30,48 (σ = 6,17) selon l’échelle de PSS 10. Les femmes sont plus stressées que les hommes. Nous avons trouvé également une corrélation entre le stress perçu et trois dimensions du Big Five (extraversion, agréabilité, conscience, névrosisme et ouverture).

Les résultats montrent une corrélation entre le stress perçu et les traits de personnalité, ainsi que le fait que le névrosisme et l’extraversion prédisaient un niveau élevé du stress perçu. À l’inverse, la conscience prédisait un niveau faible de stress perçu chez les étudiants.

However, impulsivity is more likely to be present in externalizing disorders, little focus seems to have been made on the research of impulsivity in depression.

On this study, we sought to investigate impulsivity among adolescent with Depressive disorder compared to a control sample.

Employing a matched case-control study, participants included 100 adolescents divided into two groups: 30 adolescents (12 to 17 years) with depressive disorder and a control sample of 70 adolescents. Participants were recruited during a period of 2 years (2015, 2016). Depressive disorder patient were drawn from the consultation unit or inpatient unit of the department of child psychiatry in Sfax, Tunisia. Controls were recruited from two secondary schools and they haven’t depressive symptoms according to the child depression inventory (CDI). Impulsivity was evaluated in the two groups by the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), an instrument designed to measure trait impulsivity.

Adolescents with depressive disorder displayed significantly higher total BIS-11 impulsivity scores than controls (71.6 ± 16 vs 61.6 ± 9; P = 0.003). They scored significantly higher than the controls on motor (P = 0.0001) and attentional impulsivity (P = 0.006). There was no difference in non-planning Impulsivity between the two groups. Motor impulsivity was high in adolescents with history of suicide attempt.

Our findings suggest that trait impulsivity is increased among adolescents with depressive disorder. Impulsivity seems to be a risk factor for suicide attempts, so it that should be systematically evaluated in depressive disorder.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Although numerous studies agree that bipolar patients demonstrate extensive cognitive deficits, it is still unclear to which extent these impairments persist across different mood states, including euthymia. Given that the emotional and cognitive processes are closely intertwined, we aimed to examine selective attention, cognitive inhibition, and social cognition within different emotional context in the group of remitted bipolar outpatients.

80 euthymic bipolar outpatients and 66 healthy volunteers matched for sex, age and education participated in the study. Internal State Scale and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale were used to assess self-reported affective states and trait impulsivity. Computerised versions of Colour-Word Stroop, Emotional Stroop, Affective Go/NoGo and Ekman Recognition of Facial Expression task were administered to assess selective attention, inhibition of cognitive control and social cognition.

Several cognitive deficits in selective attention, inhibition of cognitive control and social cognition tasks have been identified in the group of euthymic bipolar outpatients. They revealed worse recognition of negative, positive and neutral affect than controls. Besides cognitive disruptions which were reflected in longer reaction times and more erroneous performance to different emotional stimuli and in different emotional contexts, also trait impulsivity was considerably elevated in the group of bipolar euthymic outpatients.

Bipolar outpatients in our study demonstrated relatively marked impairments in cognitive functioning within different emotional contexts also during the euthymia. Applied neuropsychological inventory proved as useful tool for assessing specific cognitive impairments in bipolar mood disorder, and could contribute to more effective diagnosing and treatment of patients.

The Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) can modulate the cortical activity. The goal of our study was to assess whether the rTMS would facilitate effect of serotonin reuptake inhibitors in patients suffering from panic disorder.

Fifteen patients suffering from panic disorder resistant to serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) therapy were randomly assigned to either active or to sham rTMS. The aim of the study was to compare the 2 and 4 weeks efficacy of the 10 sessions 1 Hz rTMS with sham rTMS add on SRI therapy. We used 1 Hz, 30 minutes rTMS, 110% of motor threshold administered over the right dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). The same time schedule was used for sham administration. Fifteen patients finished the study. The psychopathology was assessed using the rating scales CGI, HAMA, PDSS and BAI before the treatment, immediately after the experimental treatment and 2 weeks after the experimental treatment by an independent reviewer.

Both groups improved during the study period but the treatment effect did not differ between groups in any of the instruments.

The low frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation administered over the right dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex after 10 sessions did not differ from sham the Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation that was add on serotonin reuptake inhibitors in patients suffering from panic disorder.

Supported by the project n. MŠMT ČR 1M0517

The work presented was funded by the Dutch ministry of Infrastructure and transport and the European Committee.

Epilepsy is a public health problem that often affects personal and social patients’ life. Self-esteem, an important factor contributing to psychosocial well-being, is generally disrupted in epilepsy.

The aim of our study was to assess self-esteem and factors associated in patients suffering from epilepsy.

We conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytic study, including 20 patients followed for epilepsy at neurology outpatient department, Habib Bourguiba hospital, Sfax, Tunisia. We collected socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, and used the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES).

The mean age was 35.9 ans. Sex-ratio (M/F) was 3. Hobby practice was noted in 45% of cases. The disease evolves since 19.9 years on average. A worsening of health in the last year was felt in 30% of cases. The stigma was reported in 30% of patients. Self-esteem was: very low 5%, low 40%, average 40%, and high 15%. It was better among married patients, living in family and those with disease evolving since more than 10 years, but without a significant correlation. The factors correlated with good self-esteem were: practicing a hobby (P = 0.006) and absence of stigma (P = 0.001). Poor self-esteem was significantly correlated with perceived health worsened during the last 12 months (P = 0.02). It was poor in unstable patients professionally, but without significant correlation.

Our study confirms the decline of self-esteem in patients with epilepsy. A better education of these patients to accept their illness, as well as raising public awareness on this affection could facilitate social insertion and improve self-esteem.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Due to the high prevalence of depressive symptoms in PC (Ayuso, 2001) is relevant to know the impact of the psychoeducation in the management of these symptoms to decrease the prevalence in the PC population.

To compare the effectiveness of a psychoeducational group intervention in patients with mild/moderate depression in PC.

242 participants older than 20 years with ICD-10 mild/moderate depression were recruited through nurse/general practice in 12 urban primary health care centers in Barcelona city. Randomization was realised by means of a computer program. Exclusion criteria: severe mental disorder, major depressive disorder, use of secondary mental health services and acute medical illness. The intervention group (IG) received a psycoeducational group program (12 weekly 1,5h sessions) leads by two nurses. The program was an adaptation of Coping With Depression (CWD) (Lewinsohn, 1989). The control group (CG) received TAU. Outcome measures: Sociodemographic, BDI and EuroQol-5D questionnaires pre-post intervention.

232 patients were included, IG (n = 121) and CG (n = 112), of whom 86 patients had mild depression (BDI≤ 18) and 146 moderate depression (BDI≥ 19). The sample characteristics were as follow: 90% women with mean age of 53,27 (SD = 12,72)The intervention was associated with significant improvements in BDI (t(230) =-2.25; p = 0.025). Separately analyze the sample: Patients with mild depression: (t(83) =-2.52; p = 0.014).Patients with moderate depression: (t(141) =-2.62; p = 0.010). Posttest results show that this intervention has statistically significant effect on depressive symptoms in overall sample and in mild/moderate depression separately.

The psychoeducational intervention is effective treatment in both mild and moderate depressive symptoms in primary care.

Preclinical and first clinical studies suggested that the selective γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-B receptor agonist baclofen might be effective in the treatment of alcohol dependence. However, previous randomized controlled trials have reported inconsistent results, possibly related to the low to medium dosages of baclofen used in these studies.

To assess the efficacy and safety of individually titrated high-dose baclofen (30-270 mg/d) for the treatment of alcohol dependence.

Fifty-six alcohol-dependent patients were randomized to a double-blind treatment with individually titrated baclofen or placebo. Multiple primary outcome measures were total abstinence and cumulative abstinence duration during a 12-week high-dose phase.

Preliminary results of this clinical trial will be presented.