There are above 170 PICUs identified in the UK. A modest body of research has emerged documenting characteristics of PICU populations. Comprehensive data describing patients admitted to PICUs remains incomplete. There is no data on Female only PICU population's characteristics.

To offer the first and the only project data country wide up to date on Female only PICU population. It describes socio-demographic characteristics, mental state and outcome of treatment for 49 patients admitted to the first Female PICU in NHS in UK in 2008

Prospective case note analysis

65% of patients were single, 73% were Caucasian and 26% had BME background. Most of patients were admitted from police stations and detained under S2 or S3 of the MHA. Most dominant diagnoses were Schizophrenia and Personality Disorder. 77% of admissions were due to physical aggression and severe self harm. Most patients had more than 5 previous admissions to Mental Health wards. Half of the patients received intramuscular Rapid Tranquilization during the admission and 22% were placed in Enhanced Care Area. Median length of stay did not exceed recommended 8 weeks but some patients with the diagnosis of Personality Disorder experienced an excessive length of PICU stay. Most patients were transferred to open acute wards.

Patients admitted to Female PICU were most likely to have major psychosis or personality disorder, admitted due to violence or self harming behavior, more likely to exceed recommended max length of stay if diagnosis of PD was given, BME group being represented.

The increase in aging population is a major advance in society, but also a great challenge, imposing the need for actions that promote successful aging, with higher subjective well-being and better health.

(1) analyse the possible influence of socio-demographic variables in self-compassion, satisfaction with life, affection, physical and mental health (study variables); (2) understand how is that the study variables are associated with each other in old age; and (3) explore which variables best predict satisfaction with life and health in the elderly.

The study sample consists of 155 individuals, aged between 65 and 94 years old, institutionalised and non-institutionalised.

(1) significant correlations were found between some demographic and the study variables. (2) Significant associations were also found between self-compassion, subjective well-being and health. (3) linear regression analysis revealed that physical health is best predicted by greater life satisfaction and lower age; mental health is best predicted by increased satisfaction with life, self-compassion and decreased negative affect; and, finally, life satisfaction is predicted by a higher physical health and self-compassion.

These results suggest the importance of developing psychological skills such as warmth, tolerance and the acceptance of suffering bearing in mind that the elderly may experience difficulties resulting from the developmental characteristics of old age. Our findings suggest the possible beneficial effect of compassion, focused therapies designed for this specific population, particularly contributing to the promotion of life satisfaction and mental health of the Portuguese elderly.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Domestic violence against women has increasingly been recognized nationally and internationally as a serious problem. Violence against women is a troubling phenomenon in Russia. Meanwhile domestic abuse against women often results in long-term mental health problems.

The main aim of the study was to find out the psychological and psychiatric consequences of violence against women and to determine the origins of crimes committed by abused females.

A cohort of 18 females was examined by forensic psychiatrists. All women had committed crimes of violence (murders, attempted murders). Details of background, psychiatric and offending history were extracted. Each item was assessed with the help of descriptive statistics.

A research has been carried out on the basis of psychiatric and forensic psychiatric assessment of two groups of women who had a long history of violence by their husbands or partners. Clinical assessment has revealed depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, post-traumatic stress disorder, drug abuse. All women underwent forensic psychiatric assessment as they had committed serious crimes of violence. The research has revealed two types of homicides. Women of the first subgroup displayed pathological altruistic motivation of their children. Women of the second subgroup had committed homicides of their husbands and partners whose violence towards women escalated in severity.

The research shows the necessity of domestic violence prevention by legal provisions and multidisciplinary research with participation of psychiatrists, psychologists, sociologists, human rights advocates and feminist societies.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

A negative attitude towards the body supposed to lead to eating disorders and to increase the level of social anxiety.

The research aim is to study the characteristics of eating behavior and social anxiety in women who have negative attitude towards their body.

The following methods have been used: Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ); Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26); Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation (BFNE); Iowa–Netherlands Comparison Orientation Measure (INCOM), Social avoidance and distress scale (SADS). The sample consists of 98 women in the age from 18 to 60 years belonged to three age groups: Group 1: N=41, mean age 21.0+3.1; Group 2: N=29, mean age 29,5+4,9; Group 3: N=28, mean age 47,5+12,5.

We have found out a statistically significant correlation between the negative attitude towards the body and the social anxiety. The more a woman dislike her appearance the higher is the level of social anxiety and the higher is the risk of eating disorders. It should be mentioned that all the negative tendencies are more prounouced in the youngest age group.

The research results can be implemented when designing prevention programs. Such programs are extremely important for young women in the age from 18 to 24 years as they have the highest risk of forming an eatind disorder as well as the social anxiety disorder.

Eye movement recordings can provide information about higher-level processing of visual information. Recent evidence shows a novel role for eye vergence in orienting attention (Solé Puig et al., 2013). Based on such eye tracking data, the BGaze method (Braingaze; Spain) detects visual attention. The outcomes of the BGaze method have been applied to classify ADHD patients from healthy controls.

In this study, we validated the BGaze method.

We therefore recorded eye movements in children while performing a visual detection task.

We evaluated the BGaze method using 4 types of supervised machine learning algorithms. In total, 138 different trained models were tested. Nineteen ADHD diagnosed patients (children 7–14 years of age) and 19 healthy age matched controls were used to build the 138 models. We performed 30 times repeated random sub-sampling validation. In each repeated random split, training set consisted of 80% of the data and test set of the remaining 20%. Finally, all the 138 models were tested with a validation set consisting of 232 children, including 22 ADHD patients.

Across all the 138 models, BGaze method showed an average accuracy of 90.84% (minimum 86.21%; maximum, 95.26%) and an average AUC of 0.95 (minimum 0.90; maximum, 0.97). Best models gave accuracies of 92%, AUCs of 0.96 and FN and FP rates of 4.3% and 7.5%, respectively. Mean scores during the training-testing phase averaged 99.63%.

The BGaze method is robust, accurate, and can provide an objective tool supporting the clinical diagnosis of ADHD.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and major depressive disorders (MDD) are frequent diseases worldwide with a high comorbidity rate. Omega-3 fatty acids have been suggested as disease modulators for both CVD and MDD.

Therefore, we studied whether polyunsaturated fatty acids and the Omega-3 Index may represent markers for assessment of the cardiovascular risk in physically healthy patients suffering from MDD.

Case-control study in 166 adults (86 MDD patients without CVD, 80 matched healthy controls). Baseline examinations included depression ratings, conventional cardiovascular risk factors, fatty acid, and interleukin-6 determinations.

Several conventional risk factors were more prevalent in MDD patients. The Omega-3 Index and individual omega-3 fatty acids were significantly lower in MDD patients. An Omega-3 Index < 4% was associated with high concentrations of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6.

Conventional cardiovascular risk factors, the Omega-3 Index and IL-6 indicated an elevated cardiovascular risk profile in MDD patients currently free of CVD. Our results support the employment of strategies to reduce the cardiovascular risk in yet cardiovascularly healthy MDD patients by targeting conventional risk factors and the Omega-3 Index.

Down syndrome was clinically described the first time in France by Esquirol (1838) followed by Down (England, 1866), to the identification of a chromosomal abnormality in 1959 (trisomy 21), which is the most common abnormality in neurodevelopmental disorders. Life expectancy increased from 9 years in 1929 to 55 currently. This is a common cause of mental retardation, and few tools are suitable for the care of these patients, including patients with Alzheimer's disease (prevalence of 55% between 50 and 59) or depression (prevalence 30%). No study evaluates the effectiveness of cognitive and behavioral therapy (CBT) in patients with Down syndrome but it is known to be effective in Alzheimer's patients. Some cases have been reported on the efficacy of CBT on phobias in patients with intellectual disability.

To evaluate the efficacy of CBT in the treatment of a specific phobia in a patient with Down syndrome and early Alzheimer's disease.

Literature review and clinical case of a 51-year-old patient, hospitalized under constraints for behavioral disorders (agitation, body treatments refusals).

By adapting CBT techniques to the problem of intellectual disability, treatment against the phobia was effective with clinical improvement, which allowed a return home.

The tools provided by CBT are suitable for the treatment of anxiety disorders in patients with intellectual disability, especially in patients with Down syndrome. Psychiatric disorders are under-diagnosed in these patients and under-treated. CBT is an aid to the treatment. It may allow the dismantling of symptoms and reduce behavioral problems.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Some study suggest that unipolar mania could be a separate subtype, while there is no unipolar mania listing in DSM. We compared sociodemographic and clinical data of unipolar and bipolar mania.

In an analytical-observation study,through 850 patients with bipolar I disorder, in 10 years of illness duration, 240 patients were included. We evaluated demographic and clinical information and interview with patients and their families consistent with DSM, then we assessment the comorbidities and other clinical conditions and analysed our data by using the mann-witney test, chi-squar test and fisher exact test.

22.4% of 219 patients presented a course of illness characterized by unipolar manic episodes without history of major or mild depression. When this group was compared with 170 manic patients with a previous history of depressive episodes, we found significant similarities in most demographic, familial, and clinical characteristics. Just positive family history for MDD was higher in bipolar mania significantly (P< 0.005). Unipolar mania group reported more congruent psychotic symptoms (Pv= 0.005). Lastly in unipolar group total number of episodes is less than and manic episodes is more than bipolar. (Pv= 0.005).

There is no prominent differences between two groups and inform clinical and psychopathological have common characteristics in unipolar and bipolar mania. So, biologic, physiologic and anatomical bases of unipolar and bipolar mania could be similar. Literature on this topic is still insufficient, and it is necessary to ongoing unipolar manic studies in future.

N-acetylcystein (NAC), a precursor to the amino acid cysteine, has been emerging as an interesting add-on treatment in several psychiatric conditions and especially in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). These results may be linked to its metabolic profile: antioxidant properties through glutathione production; anti-inflammatory properties; and modulation of the glutamatergic and dopaminergic systems of neurotransmission.

Review the potential therapeutic effects of NAC in psychiatry, with main focus on syndromes of the obsessive-impulsive spectrum with report of a clinical case.

Case report of a patient with OCD and Hoarding disorder, with complete clinical remission after treatment with NAC; bibliographic search using PubMed/MedLine database with the following keywords: n-acetylcysteine; OCD; hoarding.

We report and discuss the case of a 44-year-old man with a diagnosis of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder with orderliness and contamination themes, coupled with Hoarding disorder. The patient experienced gradual though slight improvement with Paroxetine (60 mg/day) to which was subsequently added Risperidone (2 mg/day) with further slight improvement. In combination with the previously given pharmacological agents, NAC (1800 mg/day) was introduced with subsequent complete remission of all symptoms.

Studies suggest that NAC may be useful in the treatment of several psychiatric conditions. Our case report suggests direct relation between treatment with NAC and remission of obsessive and hoarding symptoms. Although encouraging, additional controlled research will be required to ascertain NAC clinical usefulness.

to examine the longitudinal effect of depression on glycemic control in a sample of patients with type 2 diabetes.

the patients were recruited from diabetes clinic in Saudi airlines medical center, in Jeddah, the base line study community consisted from 172 patients with type 2 diabetes. They were assessed for depression using BDI II, and diagnostic interview, and for diabetic control using HbA1c. We created a person-period data set for each patient to cover 6 months intervals up to 3 years. We used generalized estimation equation (GEE) for analysis of longitudinal data. HbA1C was the response variable while depression and time were the main covariates. Variables were included in GEE models based on clinical importance and preliminary analysis. Other variables included as covariates were gender, education, duration of diabetes, co-morbidity and LDL. All statistical analysis used α = 0.05 level of significance and were performed using SPSS software version 21.

Unadjusted HbA1c means were significantly higher in depressed vs. non-depressed subjects at all time points. The adjusted HbA1c means in final GEE model were significantly higher in depressed vs. non-depressed subjects. In all adjusted models depression was a predictor of glycemic control weather it was BDI score (estimate = .049, P = .002), diagnoses of MDD (estimate = 2.038, P = .000), or other depressive diagnosis (estimate = 1.245, P = .000).

This study on clinical sample of type 2 diabetic patients demonstrates that there is a significant longitudinal relationship between depression and glycemic control and that depression is associated with persistently higher HbA1c over time.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Cognitive impairment in patients with depressive disorder is a subject of intensive research.

This study deals with the cognitive impairment in patients with severe depressive episode with psychotic symptoms and patients with major depressive disorder during the acute state of illness.

The aim was to define domains and the level of cognitive impairment in both groups of patients.

The next aim was to compare profiles of cognitive impairment in both groups of patients.

The last aim was to find out a relationship between cognitive performance and severity of depressive episode during the acute state of illness.

We have used neuropsychological test battery (Auditory–Verbal Learning Test, Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test, Logical Memory, Digit span test, Trail making test, Verbal Fluency Test, Block Design and Benton Visual Retention Test) for the evaluation of the cognitive functions in patients with severe depressive episode with psychotic symptoms (n = 5) and patients with major depressive disorder (n = 8).

We found cognitive impairment in all examined domains in both groups of patients.

More profound cognitive impairment was found in patients with severe depressive episode with psychotic symptoms, particularly in visual memory, visuo-constructive abilities, speed of cognitive processing and executive functions. We found no correlation between cognitive performance and severity of depressive episodes.

Our findings suggest a strong correlation between psychotic symptoms in depression and cognitive performance.

The author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.

Music has been said to be emotion’s language. Research confirms a link between music structure and triggered emotions.

To assess the relationship between selected music excerpts and the emotions trigged, in order that the former will be used in future research.

An anonymous study was performed in April 2019 on 65 subjects of both sexes, aged 19- 33 (mean=21,09; SD=3,05).Subjects listened 4 excerpts of music, believed to be related either to excitement or to calmness, and answered to a questionary on emotion’s triggered by each exposure.

Regarding to the music excerpts that were believed to induce excitement 80% of the subjects mentioned exciting emotions, 78% enjoyed the music while 78% didn’t knew them. For the ones that were believed to induce calmness 69% of the subjects mentioned calm emotions, 84% enjoyed the music and 62% didn’t knew the music. In an excerpt of music related to calmness, we observed association between knowing the music and the emotion trigged (p=0,027). The triggered emotion responses were independent of liking the music (P>0,05).

In our study, independent of liking the music, the participants reported to have perceived the expected emotions triggered by musical excerpts, showing this to be a phenomenon related to music structure. Calmness perception may be also influenced by previous knowledge of the music and related experiences. The role of individual perceptions will be looked for in following studies.

No significant relationships.

The advances and massification of technology have allowed new developments in effective assessment methodologies for the evaluation of cognitive functions and associated functions of several brain systems and structures. Computerized test batteries have become more robust alternatives to paper-and-pencil test batteries and useful tools for research in several scientific domains, including psychiatry, psychology, genetics and neurosciences.

To validate and disseminate the Portuguese PennCNP battery for clinical and non-clinical studies.

To translate and provide preliminary psychometric data of the Portuguese PennCNP tests in 9 neurocognitive domains.

The PennCNB (Gur et al., 2010) was translated and administered to a sample of 120 Portuguese participants from the general population.

Findings on the internal consistency and performance (speed and accuracy) are presented for the 19 tasks included in the PennCNB, in addition to results of correlation analysis within tests on the same domain for criterion validity, and gender sensitivity analysis.

Computerized assessment provides efficient and reliable results, based on performance of abstract.

The administration requires minimal training and provides a quick and automated scoring procedure, with great utility in several research and clinical fields. The availability of a test battery suitable for a large number of Portuguese native-speakers worldwide is of added value, since the translation of measures to several languages allows creating more extensive normative samples and direct results comparability in future research, including transnational or cross-cultural studies and clinical trials.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.